Maths Studies Topic 6

WORKED SOLUTIONS
Introducing differential
calculus
6
Answers
A = t 3 t 2 + 3t 3
Skills check
A = 3t 2 3t 36
f (r) = 2 (2r 2 18) = f (r) = 2r
f (r) = 2(r + 3) = 2r + 6
f (r) = 2(2r 3) 2 = 4(2r 3) = 8r 12
f (r) = 2(5 2r) 2 = 4(5 2r) = 8r 20
f (r) = 6(r + 5) = 6r + 30
f (r) = 5 2(7 r) 1 = 10(7 r) = 10r 70
f (5) = 7,
f (5) = 13
f (2) = 11,
g (5) = 25,
f (3) = 4
g 1 1
g (2)
= 11 ,
2
f (4) = 3.2,
g (15) =
1
5
f (3) = 4.5
= c
2S
r =
A
S
r =
r r 3 3V
r = 2A
2 3 =
r r
42 = 16
1

2
x1
y + 3 = 2(x 5) y = 2x 13
y 2 = 3(x 4) y = 3x + 14
3V
Sh
14
24
2S
1
23
A
4S
1
8
x2
x3
dy
dx
f ( x ) =
dy
dx
f ( x ) = 169
6
x3
8
x5
7
x2
x
dy
= 358
dx
x
dy
= 22
dx
x
8x
18x 2
28x 3
15x 2
4x 3
12
f ( x ) = 14 x
18x
3 2
x
2
3x 3
dy
dx
9x 2
x 3
2x 2
g( x ) = 3x 2
30x 5
63x 8
4x 7
9x 11
6x 8
10
dy
dx
6x + 15x 2
20x 3 4
11
g( x ) = 15x 2 +
9 33x 2
4x 3 + 3
12
dy
dx
5 + 24x 5
18x 5
4x + 3
13
dy
dx
14
g( x ) = 6x 2 2x +
15
Ac( x )
7 + 20x
Exercise 6B
1
Exercise 6A
dA
= 36 12t 2
dt
dA
12t + 30 dt = 12
dA
t 3 5t 2 dt = 3t 2 10t
dA
2t 2 + t 6 dt = 4t + 1
dA
15 + 7t 2t 2 dt = 7 4t
dA
18t 2 9t 35 dt = 36t
A = 36t 4t 3
A=
A=
A=
A=
A=
2t + 3
Exercise 6C
1
16
x4
dA
= 3t 2
dt
dA
= 6t 3
dt
4
4
5
x3
6
x3
3
x2
= 2x 3 +
x3
2
20
x6
4
x5
6
x9
6x
2x
10
3x 5
5
2x 2
3
x3
3
2x 3
Exercise 6D
1
dy
dx
= 2x 3
when x = 4,
2
dy
dx
dy
dx
= 2(4) 3 = 5
dy
dx
= 6 3(0)2 = 6
= 6 3x 2
when x = 0,
Oxford University Press 2012: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchasers institute
Worked solutions: Chapter 6
WORKED SOLUTIONS
3
dy
dx
= 8x 3 9x 2
when x = 3,
4
dy
dx
dy
dx
= 21 36x
= 2(2) = 16
= 21 36(1)2 = 15
dy
dx
= 6(2) 5 = 17
4
= 40 10(0) = 40
ds
dt
dW
14
dp
ds
dt
= 35 + 12t = 35 at t = 0
5
2 dA
dh
At h = 3 ,
= 42 u
= 8r
16
dA
dr
=5
17
dV
dr
= 21r 2 +
18
dA
dr
= 2r +
19
dV
dr
=6
20
dC
dr
= 45
16
.
r3
When r = 3,
When r = 4,
dA
dr
2S
r2
dy
dx
At P,
25
2
5
2
. When r = 1,
5
2
+1
+1
At R,
dy
dx
=5
16
64
18
9
= 3 2x = 3
6 = 2x
x=3
Also, y = 4 + 3(3) (3)2
=4+99
=4
So, R = (3, 4)
= 2x 6
dV
dr
x = 2 , y = 3 4
3
dy
dx
= 5 4x
= 5 4x = 9
4 = 4x
x = 1
Also, y = 5(1) 2(1)2 3
= 5 2 3
= 10
So the point is (1, 10)
= 86
= 4 at r = 1
3
= 6x + 1 = 4 when gradient is 4.
dy
dx
8
4
dy
dx
when gradient is 9
= 43
15
50 10
dy
dx
= 22
= 21 4 +
dy
dx
point is ( 2 , 3 4 )
6
=5 2
15
.
2r 2
When r = 5,
dV
dr
=6
36
.
r4
When r = 1,
dC
dr
= 45 36 = 9
10
dy
dx
= 3x2 + 3
when gradient is 6,
dy
dx
= 2x + 3
dy
dx
= 2x + 3 = 7
2x = 4
x=2
2
At P, y = (2) + 3(2) 4
=4+64
=6
5

2
= 3 2x
6x = 3
56
3
= 21.75 4 = 87
= 24
8
. When r = 2, dV
r2
dr
Exercise 6E
a
dV
dr
14 u 4
3
4
9
dW
dp
= 21.75p2. When p = 2,
18
.
r2
5

2
10
4
= 2(a) 6 = 6
2a = 12
a=6
2
Also, y = (6) 6(6) = 0
So R is (6, 0)
11
dy
dx
At R,
= 35 + 12(3) = 71
dv
= 80
dt
dv
12
= 0.7
dt
dA
13
= 42h2.
dh
At Q, y = 2
=
dy
dx
s = 35t + 6t 2
= 4x + 1 = 9
4x = 10
= 20(1) + 8 = 12
= 40 10t
ds
dt
dy
dx
x=
= 6x 5
At t = 3,
At Q,
= 20x + 8
dV
15
dr
= 4x + 1
= 16
dy
dx
At t = 0,
10
dy
dx
= 3(6)2 5 = 103
when x = 2,
dy
dx
dy
dx
ds
dt
dy
dx
= 2x 3
At (2, 28),
9
dy
dx
dy
dx
when x = 1,
8
= 8(3)3 9(3)2 = 135
= 3x 2 5
when x = 6,
6
dy
dx
y = 10x 2 + 8x
when x = 1,
=3+3=6
3x2 = 3
x2 = 1
x = 1
when x = 1
y = (1)3 + 3(1) + 4 = 8
when x = 1
y = (1)3 + 3(1) + 4 = 0
So points are (1, 8) and (1, 0)
WORKED SOLUTIONS
8
dy
dx
13 a
= 3x2 6
when gradient is 3,
dy
dx
= 3
3x2 6 = 3
x2 = 1
x = 1
At x = 1, y = (1)3 6(1) + 1 = 4
At x = 2, f (x) = 8 1 = 7 and
f (x) = 8 2 + 1 = 7 so f (x) = f (x)
f (x) = f (x) 2x2 x + 1 = 4x 1

2x2 5x + 2 = 0
(2x 1)(x 2) = 0
Second point is ( 1 , 1)
At x = 1, y = (1)3 6(1) + 1 = 6
14 a
So points are (1, 4) and (1, 6)

straight line has gradient m =
m=
6 ( 4)
1 1
10
= 5
2
At P,
4 = 2 = b
At
4 = 2
dy
=2
dx
dy
Q, dx = 2x
21 ( 11)
2 2
32
= 8
4
x = 1 y = 1 4 + 1 = 2
At x = 1, f (x) = 3 2 = 1 and
f (x) = 3 1 1 so f (x) = f (x)
f (x) = f (x) 3 2x = 3x x2 1
15 a
straight line is y (11) = 8(x 2)

y + 11 = 8x + 16
y = 8x + 5
2
10 a b = (1) 4(1) + 1= 2
2x 4
Second point is (4, 5)
dx
f (x) = 4x 1
f (x) = f (x) 2x2 x 1 = 4x 1
2x2 5x = 0
x(2x 5) = 0
x=0
16 a
b
points are (5, 5) and (2, 9)

17
x + 4x + 5 = 2x + 4
x2 + 2x + 1 = 0
(x + 1)2 = 0
x = 1
(1, 2)
so d = 2
At
At
P, dy = 2 5 3
dx
dy
Q, dx = 2x 3 =
0 = x 6x + 5
Second point is (1, 2)
dy
dx
= 6 2x = 2 at x = 2
dy
dx
= 6x = 6 at x = 1
dy
dx
= 4x 5 = 7 at x = 3
tangent is y 7 = 7(x 3) y = 7x 14
= (x 5)(x 1)
= 6x2 = 6 at x = 1
tangent is y + 7 = 6(x 1) y = 6x 13
so f (x) = f (x)
f (x) = f (x) 4x x 1 = 4 2x
dy
dx
tangent is y 8 = 2(x 2) y = 2x + 4
At x = 5, f (x) = 4 10 = 6
or f (x) = 20 25 1 = 6
= 2x = 6 at x = 3
tangent is y 2 = 6(x 1) y = 6x 4
c
f (x) = 4 2x
dy
dx
tangent is y 9 = 6(x 3) y = 6x 9
=7=b
x = 0 y = 3 d = 3
(x + 5)(x 2) = 0
( 5 , 9)
x2 + 3x 10 = 0
= 2x 3
and
x2 + 5x 5 = 2x + 5
Exercise 6F
12 a
5
2
f (x) = 2x + 5
dy
dx
or
(0, 1)
b = 25 15 3 = 7
11 a
(x 4)(x 1) = 0
0 = 3x2 12 when gradient is zero

x2 = 4
x = 2
At x = 2, y = (2)3 12(2) + 5 = 11
At x = 2, y = (2)3 12(2) + 5 = 21
The 2 points are (2, 11) and (2, 21)
m=
f (x) = 3 2x
x2 5x + 4 = 0
line has eqn y ( 4) = 5(x 1)

y + 4 = 5x + 5
y = 5x + 1
dy
2
9
= 3x 12
straight line has gradient m =
f (x) = 4x 1
dy
dx
= 10 3x2 = 2 at x = 2
tangent is y 17 = 2(x 2) y = 2x + 21
WORKED SOLUTIONS
g
dy
dx
= 4x = 12 at x = 3
tangent is y + 7 = 12(x 3) y = 12x + 29

h
Normal is y
= 2x + 6= 2 at x = 2
tangent is y 13 = 2(x 2) y = 2x + 9
3y
dy
dx
= 8x 3x 2= 32 48 = 16 at x = 4
dy
dx
= 5 6x = 11 at x = 1
dy
dx
= 12x 6x 2 = 24 24 = 0 at x = 2
dy
dx
= 60 10x = 40 at x = 2
tangent is y = 8
l
tangent is y 107 = 40(x 2) y = 40x + 27

m
dy
dx
= 2x 3 = 128 at x = 4
dy
dx
= 3 + 10x = 3 at x = 0
dy
dx
= 10 4x = 10 at x = 0
dy
dx
dy
dx
tangent is y 17 = 3x y = 3x + 17
o
3x 2
4
3x
2
dy
dx
4 = 1 at x = 2
dy
dx
dy
dx
3 2
x
4
24
x3
dy
dx
18
x4
dy
dx
=6+
dy
dx
= 2 (x + 1) y = 2x +
14x = 31 at x = 2
dy
dx
18x
+y9=0
12
x3
= 3 2x = 3 at x = 0 m = 3
dy
dx
= 2(x + 2) = 4 at x = 0 m = 4
dy
dx
= x 2 = 1 at x = 2 m = 1
dy
dx
12
= x 3 = 12 at x = 1 m = 12
1
(x
12
+ 1) 12y 72 = x 1
+ y 29 = 0
8
x2
= 51 =
2
=6
8
x2
= 2 at x = 1 m = 12
x
10
dy
dx
= 4x 3 +
9
x4
= 5 at x = 1 m = 5
Normal is y 4 = 5 (x + 1) 5y 20 = x 1
x
11
dy
dx
= 2 +
1
x2
= 2 at x =
1
2
11
at x = 4
2
11
(x 4)
2
12
1
dy
dx
=5+
9
2x 2
+ 5y 19 = 0
1
m = 2
Normal is y 1 = 2 x
11x 2y 8 = 0
= 4x = 4 at x = 1 m = 4
2y 2 = x +
1
2
4y
4 = 2x + 1
2x
+ 4y 5 = 0
2
= 5 2 at x = 3 m = 11
2
Normal is y 13.5 = 11 (x 3)
Normal is y 2 = 4 (x 1)
11y
148.5 = 2x + 6
4y
22y
297 = 4x + 12
8 = x + 1
x + 4y 9 = 0
2y + 27 = 0
Exercise 6G
1
dy
dx
+ 12y 71 = 0
= 15 at x = 1
2y 36 = 11x 44
dy
dx
y = 10 + 3x x 2
Normal is y 14 = 2 (x 1) 2y 28 = x 1
= 4 at x = 2
tangent is y 18 =
5y + 22 = 0
3x
16
x3
1
5
20 = x + 2
Normal is y 6 =
= 18 at x = 1
= 3x 2
=5+
= 3x + 1 = 5 at x = 2 m =
= 3 at x = 2
tangent is y 5 = 15 (x + 1) 15x y + 20 = 0
e
7y 25 = 0
(x 2)
tangent is y + 14 = 4 (x + 2) 4x y 6 = 0
d
2
7
2
7
Normal is y 4 = 4 x x + 4y 16 = 0
tangent is y 11 = 18 (x 1) y = 18x + 29
c
Normal is y 2 = x 2 i.e., x y = 0
2
13
tangent is y 3 = 3 (x 2) y = 3x + 9
b
2x = 3 2 = 2 at x = 2 m =
2x
dy
dx
tangent is y + 25 = 31 (x + 2) y = 31x + 37
2
1
2
+ 21 = 2x 4
= 2x 2 = 2 at x = 1
tangent is y +
5y
3 at x = 2
1
3
+ 3y 11 = 0
tangent is y 6 = 3 (x + 2) y = 3x
r
Normal is y 10 = 3 x x + 3y 30 = 0
tangent is y + 6 = 1 (x 2) y = x 4
q
1
2
= x +
7y
dy
dx
tangent is y 0 = 10 (x 0) y = 10x
p
Normal is y 4 = 5 (x 2)
tangent is y 121 = 128(x 4) y = 128x 391

n
21
2
m = 3
= 3 x
Normal is y + 3 =
tangent is y + 8 = 11(x + 1) y = 11x + 3

k
dy
dx
7
2
1
2
= 12x 2 = 3 at x =
dy
dx
tangent is y 0 = 16(x 4) y = 16x + 64

j
dy
dx
4x
+ 22y 309 = 0
WORKED SOLUTIONS
Exercise 6H
1
dy
dx
At y = 6, x 3 + 3x 2 = 6
= 2(x 4) = 2 at x = 5. At x = 5, y = (5 4)2 = 1
x 3 + 3x + 4 = 0
At (5, 1), tangent is y 12(x 5) y = 2x 9

2
dy
dx
y = x 3x
3
Try x = 1: (1)3 + 3(1) + 4 = 1 3 + 4 = 0
= 3x 3 = 9 at x = 2
so the curve passes through (1, 6)
At x = 2, y = 8 + 6 = 2
dy
dx
tangent is y + 2 = 9(x + 2) y = 9x + 16
3
dy
dx
=1
y=4+
6
x2
6
4
= 1 8 = 8 at x = 4 m = 5 at x = 4
1
52
Normal is y
10y
4
dy
dx
= 2x +
8
5 (x
Thus, y (6) = 6 (x (1))
4)
y + 6 = 6 (x + 1)
6y + 36 = x 1
= 4 at x = 1 m =
1
4
x = 1 y =1 1 = 0
6y + x + 37 = 0
9
Normal is y = 4 (x + 1) 4y x 1 = 0
5
dy
dx
At x = 4 , y = 0. So
y = 8 3x 2 2x 8 = 0
dy
dx
(3x
+ 4)(x 2) = 0
4
3
= 6x 2 =
10 a
at x 4
3
3y
24 = 30x 40
3y
+ 30x + 16 = 0
= 10x 12
x2
3x 10 = 0
(x
5)(x + 2) = 0
= 5 or 2
14 at x 5
dy
= 6 4x =
dx
at x 2
14
tangents are y + 20 = 14(x 5) y = 14x + 50
and y + 20 = 14(x + 2) y = 14x + 8
y = 7 5x 2x 3
11 a
= 5 6x 2
= 5 6 = 11
so normal at (1, 0) has gradient m =

Thus, y 0 =
1
(x
11
11y = x 1
11y x + 1 = 0
16
x2
2x 3 = 16
x3 = 8
x=2
y = 22 +
16
2
= 12
dy
dx
=x+1=5x=4
dy
dx
= 4x 3 + 3 = 3 x = 0
At x = 0, y = 3. So tangent is y + 3 = 3x
1
3 (x
13 a
1
11
16
x2
At x = 4, y = 8 + 4 3 = 9. So tangent is:
y 9 = 5(x 4) y = 5x 11
12 a
when y = 0, 7 5x 2x = 0
Try x = 1: 7 5(1) 2(1) = 7 5 2 =0
so the curve intersects the x-axis at x = 1
16
x2
Since the gradient is zero, the equation of the

tangent is y = 12
dy
dx
= 2x
2x =
At x = 1,
= 2x 16x 2
0 = 2x
y = 6x 2x 2 = 20 3x x 2 = 10
dy
dx
y = x 2 + 16x 1
dy
dx
dy
dx
at x 2
and y 8 = 10(x 2)
3
4
0 = 0 4 + c c = 0, so y = 0 is the tangent
tangents are y 8 = 10 x
= 0 2(4x 3) 4 = 0 x =
Tangent is y = 0(x) + c
or x = 2
10
10
=3+3=6
1
+ 16x 119 = 0
2
x3
dy
dx
so normal at (1, 6) has gradient m = 6
at x = 4
1
52
= 3x 2 + 3
At x = 1,
y = x 3 + 3x 2
Normal is y + 3 =
dy
dx
=4
12
x5
= 3x 3
0) 3y + x + 9 = 0
= 16 x 5 = 1 x = 1
At x = 1, y = 4 + 3 = 1. Tangent is
y + 1 = 16(x + 1) y = 16x + 15
Normal is y + 1 = 16 (x + 1)
1)
16y + 2x + 17 = 0
WORKED SOLUTIONS
14
dy
dx
= 6x 2 + 18x 24 = 36
3x 2
+ 9x 12 = 18
3x 2
+ 9x 30 = 0
= 5
+ 3x 10 = 0
or
y = 100
or
The pool has reached an area of 45 cm2 when

t = 5 and, at this time, the area is increasing
at 14 cm2s1
W(1) = 5 + 640 + 40 = 685 tonnes
dW
dt
= 10t
dW
dt
(3) 41 tonnes/hr.
ii
dW
dt
(5) = 24 5 tonnes/hr.
2
9
Tangents are y 100 = 36(x + 5) y = 36x + 280

and y 9 = 36(x 2) y = 36x 63
dy
15
dx
+k=7k=1
y
dy
16
dx
dy
dx
= 2kx 2 = 2 when x = 4 8k = 4 k =
b
18
dy
dx
= 4 2k = 4 10 = 6
10 t 3 = 640 t = 4 hours.
This is the time at which the weight of the oil

in the tank reaches its minimum value.
a
b
1
2
y = px 2 + qx 4p + 2q = 5
V = 65 t 2 + 6t + 10 = 65 t 2 + 6t 55 = 0
(t + 11)(t 5) = 0
t
(2)
q=6
Also
dy
dx
(1)
16 cm /sec. when t = 2
= 4 3t 2 =
31 cm /sec. when t = 3
At t = 2, depth is decreasing at 16 cm/sec.
dy
dt
y = 0 when t 3 + 4t 500 = 0
t
= 2px + q = 6 at x = 3
= 7.8 secs (1 d.p.)

3t
2
dA
dt
A = 30
6p + q = 6
(2)
(1) + (2) 3p = 12 p = 4 and q = 18
V (0) = 100 cm3
V (3) = 100 + 6 + 27 = 133 cm3
d
e
a
b
c
dV
dt
represents the rate of change of the

volume of water in the container.
dV
dt
A(0) = 0 cm2
A(5) = 45 cm2
dW
dt
dW
dt
dA
dt
= 4 + 2t = 14 cm2/sec
t
2
= 30
3t 2
+ 2t 120 = 0
(3t
+ 20)(t 6) = 0
= 6 (must be positive)
=
3 6
2
1
2
= 9 2 cm2/sec.
dT
dt
= 10
270
t3
= 10
270
8
= 0 t 3 = 27 t = 3 hours
= 12t 2 2t = 12(2)2 2(2) = 44 degrees/sec
when t = 2.
represents the rate of change of the area
A = 4t + t 2
when t = 5
3t 2
4
= 23.75 tonnes/hour when t = 2
of the pool
d
= 3 2 cm2/sec when t = 2
when t = 6
= 2 + 3t 2 = 2 + 27 = 29 cm3/sec when t = 3
There is 133 cm3 of water in the container

when t = 3 and the container and, at that
time, water is owing into the container
at 29 cm3s1.
dA
dt
1
2
dA
(6)
dt
Exercise 6I
1
= 6 + 2t = 16 m3/min.
At t = 3, depth is decreasing at 31 cm/sec.
1
24
y = px 2 + qx 5 9p 3q 5 = 13 9p 3q = 18
3p
= 5 (must be positive)
dV
dt
(1)
= 2px + q = 7 at x = 2 4p + q = 7
(1) (2) q = 2 and p =

20
= 6 + 2t = 8 m3/min, when t = 1.
= k 3x 2 = 5 when x = 2
12 = 5 k = 7
b = 4 2k + 8 = 4 14 + 8 = 2
dy
dx
dV
dt
= 16k 8 + 3 = 8 8 + 3 = 3
19
The tank was emptying when t = 3, but has

now started lling again at t = 5
= 2x + k = 1 when x = 2 4 + k = 1 k = 6
b
17
= x 2 + x, so b = 9 + 3 = 12
1
9
= 2x + k
6
640
t2
dT
dt
= 0 2t (6t 1) = 0 t =
1
6
sec.
P(0) = 15 i.e. there is a 15 000 dollar

start-up cost
P(5) = 215. The company makes a loss of
215 000 dollars if it produces 5 tonnes of
product
WORKED SOLUTIONS
b
c
dP
dx
= 30x 2 + 80x + 10 dollars/tonne
When x = 2,
P = 85 and
ii
When x = 3,
P = 105 and
dP
dx = 50
dP
dx = 20
The company is in prot when 2 tonnes are

made and as production increases, prot
increases, but although a greater prot is
made when 3 tonnes are produced, increasing
production further will cause prot to fall.
dP
dx
= 0 30x 80x 10 = 0
15
dy
dx
=1
1
x2
= 0 x 2 = 1 x = 1
16
dy
dx
=1
4
x2
= 0 x 2 = 4 x = 2
17
dy
dx
=4
9
x2
= 0 x2 =
18
dy
dx
=8
1
2x 2
19
dy
dx
= 27
20
dy
dx
=1
3x 2
x
8x 1 = 0
Exercise 6K
8 64 + 12
dy
dx
dy
dx
= 2x 6 = 0
dy
dx
= 12 4x = 0 when x = 3
dy
dx
= 2x + 10 = 0 when x = 5
dy
dx
= 6x + 15 = 0 x = 2
dy
dx
= 3x 2 27 = 0 x = 3
dy
dx
= 24 6x 2 = 0 x 2 = 4 x = 2
dy
dx
= 12x 3 x =
dy
dx
= 3 48x 2 = 0 x 2 =
dy
dx
= 6x 2 18x + 12 = 0 x 2 3x + 2 = 0
x
12
dy
dx
x=
1
4
x
dy
13
dx
= 6x 2 12x = 0 6x(x 2) = 0
x
14
dy
dx
= 6 or 2
= 0 or 2
= 60x 15x 2 = 0 x(4 x) = 0
= 0 or 4
! 0;
dy
(2)
dx
0;
dy
(0)
dx
!0
So (3, 5) is maximum
(1, 1) is minimum
3
dy
dx
= 9 + 6x 3x2 = 0
x2 2x 3 = 0
=0
(x 3) (x + 1) = 0
x = 1 or x = 3
Stationary points are (1, 5) and (3, 27)
dy
(2)
dx
0;
dy
(0)
dx
! 0;
dy
(4)
dx
0
So (1, 5) minimum
= 24x + 3x 2 + 36 = 0
+ 6)(x + 2) = 0
= 3x2 + 12x + 9 = 0
dy
(4)
dx
= 5 or 3
(x
dy
dx
Stationary points are (3, 5) (1, 1)
1
2
5)(x + 3) = 0
+ 8x + 12 = 0
9!0
x = 3 or x = 1
2)(x 1) = 0 x = 1 or 2
x2
3 0;
(x + 3) (x + 1) = 0
x=
1
16
24 ! 0;
x2 + 4x + 3 = 0
= 3x 2 6x 45 = 0 x 2 2x 15 = 0
(x
= 0 x3 = 1 x = 1
(4, 4) is a minimum
dy
dy
dx
2
3
So (2, 0) is a maximum
10 dx = 9 + 12x + 3x 2 = 0 x 2 + 4x + 3
(x + 3)(x + 1) = 0 x = 3 or 1
11
x=
= 3x2 18x + 24 = 0
dy
(0)
dx
dy
(3)
dx
dy
(5)
dx
when x = 3
(x
x = 4
Exercise 6J
1
4
8
27
1
16
(x 4)(x 2) = 0
giving a maximum prot of 107 088 dollars

when 2.79 tonnes are made.
x3 =
x = 2
when x2 6x + 8 = 0
x must be positive, so x = 2.79 tonnes (3 sf)
= 0 x2 =
8
x3
1
x3
9
4
(3, 27) maximum

4
dy
dx
= 3x2 6x = 0
x(x 2) = 0
dy
(1)
dx
! 0;
dy
(1)
dx
0;
dy
(3)
dx
!0
So (0, 5) maximum
(2, 1) minimum
WORKED SOLUTIONS
5
dy
dx
= 27 3x2 = 0
x2 = 9
x = 3
dy
(4)
dx
0;
dy
(0)
dx
dy
(4)
dx
! 0;
dy
12
dx
dy
dx
0
so
when 3x(6 x) = 0
x = 0, 6
Stationary points are (0, 0) (6, 108)
0,
dy
(1)
dx
! 0;
1
dy
(7)
dx
dy 1

dx 2
0
1 x
0;
dy 1

dx 2
0;
dy
(3)
dx
dy
(2)
dx
= 18 6x = 0
x=3
y(3) = 18(3) 3(3)2 + 2
!0
= 29
dy
(0) > 0; dy (4) < 0
dx
dx
(1, 2) minimum
8
9
x2
1
0x
9x
r3
! 0;
dy
(2)
dx
0;
dy
(2)
dx
dy
dx
0;
dy
(4)
dx
= 2x + 1 = 0
x=
!0
dy
dx
1
2
8
x2
0 x2
! 0;
dy
(3)
dx
0;
dy
(3)
dx
0;
dy
(5)
dx
13
4
dy
dx
!0
9
x2
1
4
0 x2
! 0;
dy
(5)
dx
0;
36 x
r6
dy
(5)
dx
0;
dy
(7)
dx
2x
16
x2
0 x3
8 x
Stationary point is (2, 12)

dy
(3)
dx
0;
dy
(1)
dx
!0
so (2, 12) minimum
+ 5
7
4
0; dy (3) > 0 5 , 7 minimum

2 4
dx
At turning points,
dy
dx
(6, 3) minimum
dy
dx
dy
(0) <
dx
!0
5 5
2
=8
=
So (6, 3) maximum
11
= 5 + 2x = 0
y 5
2

dy
(7)
dx
x=5
(4, 4) minimum
dy
dx
1 , 13 minimum
At turning points,
So (4, 4) maximum
10
dy
(1) < 0; dy (0) > 0
dx
dx
r4

dy
(5)
dx
=
16 x
1
2
y 1 = 1 + 1 3
so (3, 6) maximum
(3, 6) minimum
9
(3, 29) maximum
At turning point:

dy
(4)
dx
! 0 (2, 6) is a minimum
At turning point:
dy
dx
r1
0;
x=2
y(2) = (2) 4(2) + 10
=6
So (1, 2) maximum
dy
dx
!0
2x 4
dy
(0)
dx
0 x2
! 0;
4 1 minimum

dy
(2)
dx
4 1
(6, 108) maximum

1
x2
1
3
At turning points:
dy
dx
So (0, 0) minimum
dy
dx
1
,
3
0;
dy
(1)
dx
1
,
3
1 x
Exercise 6L
= 18x 3x2 = 0
dy
(1)
dx
0 27 x 3
Stationary point is
So (3, 54) minimum
9
dy 1

dx 4
(3, 54) maximum
1
2
6 x3
3
= 3 2x = 0
x=3
2
y 3 = 3 3 + 11 3
2
= 13.25
dy
(0)
dx
> 0; dy (2) < 0 (1.5, 13.25) maximum
dx
WORKED SOLUTIONS
6
At turning points,
dy
dx
= 12x 15 = 0
6
y 5 = 20 6 5 15 5
4
=
dy
(2)
dx
> 0;
<0
5 235
,
4 8
V = r 2h = r 2 (17 2r)
S
V = r2h = (17 h) 2h
12x 3 = 2c c =
maximum
Minimum value occurs at x = 0.6 and is
< 0; dy (10) > 0 (5, 4) minimum
dx
c =
= 2x 18 = 0 for turning points
dy
(10)
dx
> 0 (9, 81) minimum
9
dy
(0)
dx
> 0 (2, 4) minimum
Occurs when 24n = 35 n =
1
(35
5
1
LB
2
1
2
Min
dA
dL
A = (7 + h)h = 7h + h2
Amin
x = 10 t
Value of B
V = 3(10 t)t = 30t 3t
y = 5 2x
2
P = x (5 2x) = 5x 10x
1
(25
2
+ r )r
10
R=
1
R = 2 n(n 25)2
x + 5m = 100 x = 100 5m
a
L = 2m(m + 100 5m) = 2m (100 4m)
35
2
3.25
L (3L 18)
1
(3L2
10
6L )
3L
(L
10
18L )
6)
3
(9
10
18)
3 L 18
5
2.7
9
5
1.8
0 30 6f = 0 f = 5
r = 30 3(5) = 15
Max. Value = 5 15 = 75
when f = 5 and r = 15
7
24
C = f (r) = f (30 3f ) = (30f 3f 2)

dC
df
0 2L 6 = 0 L = 3
b=7+h
35 =
5B = 3L 18
3
( L2
10
35
24
35
24
7
35
35
5 24
= 245
48
35
15
2
10
10
24n )
15 12 u
Exercise 6M
dN
dn
= 4
< 0;
10
(35 + 12n) = 5 (35n + 12n2)
= 2x + 4 = 0 for turning points
dy
(3)
dx
n
5
= 2n (50 15 + 12n )
Minimum value is N =
x = 2
y(2) = (2)2 + 4(2)
15 12n
10
(15 12n )
10
y = x2 + 4x
dy
dx
N = 2n 5
=
= 81
< 0;
= (12 0.6) 3 = 5.1
x=
y(9) = (9)2 18(9)
12 x 3
2
y = x2 18x
dy
(0)
dx
12 0.6 3
2
Given N = 2n(5 x) and 12n + 10x = 15

10x = 15 12n
x=9
= 3.3
= 4
= 1 (20 x + 12) = 10 x + 6
y = 5 0.36 +
y(5) = (5)2 10(5) + 21
dy
dx
+ 12x 3)
dy
dx
x=5
12 x 3
2
12 x 3 1
= (10 x 2
2
2
= 2x 10 = 0 for turning points
dy
(0)
dx
x )(100 + 4 x )
Hence y = 5x 2 +
y = x2 10x + 21
dy
dx
2
(100
25
235
8
dy
(0)
dx
5
4
x=
L = 2m(m + x) = 2 100 x 100 x + x
11
X = 2(10 + b)b = 20b + 2b 2

dX
db
0 20 + 4b = 0 b = 5
Min. value of X = 2 5 5 = 50
WORKED SOLUTIONS
12
y := tx = t(12 2t) = 12t 2t 2
Exercise 6N
dy
dt
= 0 12 4t = 0 t = 3
y = 3(12 6) = 18 and this will be a

max (positive t 2 quadratic)
13
y
x
A = 2xy = 2(30 3y)y = 60y 6y2

dA
dy
14
x + 2y = 40
0 60 12y = 0 y = 5
Maximise area
giving A = 2 15 5 = 150 Max
A = xy = (40 2y)y = 40y 2y2
y = 3LM = 3 (2M 28)M = 6M 2 84M
dA
dy
dy
dM
12 M 84
0M
84
12
= 0 40 4y = 0 y = 10
y = 10
giving y = 3 14 7
= 294 Min
15
y = c2 + g2 = (8 g)2 + g2 = 64 16g + 2g2

dy
dg
= 16 + 4 g = 0 when g = 4
Amax = 40 10 200 = 200 m2 and

wire should be bent with 2 sides of 10 m and
1 side of 20 m.
c=8g=84=4
Min. value of y = 42 + 42 = 32
16
x+y=6
Minimise S = 2x2 + 3y2 = 2x2 + 3(20 x)2

= 2x2 + 3(400 40x + x2)
= 1200 120x + 5x2
S = x2 + y2 = x2 + (6 x)2 = 36 12x + 2x2

dS
dx
y = 20 x
0 12 + 4x = 0 x = 3
y=63=3
So x = 3 and y = 3
17
y = r2h = r2 (6 r) = 6r2 r3
Stationary point will give min S
dy
dr
dS
dx
= 12r 3r 2 = 0 3r(4 r) = 0
x = 12
r = 0 or 4
r=4
0 120 + 10x = 0
3
h
r=0
Max. y occurs at r = 4, giving

ymax = 16 (6 4) = 32
18
y = m2n = m2(9 m) = 9m2 m3

dy
dm
= 18m 3m 2 = 3m(6 m)
= 0 when m = 0 or 6
m=6
m=0
9m2 m3
2x
Surface Area
A = 2xh + 4xh + 2x2
= 6xh + 2x2
= 6xh + 2x2
Hence 6xh + 2x2 = 150
3xh + x2 = 75
3xh = 75 x2
h = 75 x
3x
Hence Volume V = 2x x h
Min. at m = 0 giving m2n = 0

Max. at m = 6 giving m2n = 36 3 = 108
75 x
2
2x 2
3x
2
(75x
3
x3)
10
WORKED SOLUTIONS
dV
dx
dV
dr
0 75 3x2 = 0
x2 = 25
x = 5 (negative 5 is impossible)
= 0 24r 3r2 = 0
(8 r)r = 0
r = 0 or r = 8
r = 0 gives min volume
x=5
Vmax = 1 S 64 4 = 256S cm3

3
when r = 8 cm and h = 4 cm
7
x = 5
2
Hence Vmax = 3 5(75 25)
y
x
= 2 5 50
=
3
500
3
cm3
2x2 + 4xy = 600

x2 + 2xy = 300
Maximise V = x2y
Width, length, and height is 5 10 10 cm

3
300 x
2
x2
i.e. V =
dV
dx
3x + 2y = 24
y=
24 3 x
2
Maximise A = xy =
dA
dx
1
2
2x
300x x
3
0 300 3x2 = 0
x2 = 100
24 x 3 x 2
2
x = 10 (10 impossible and gives min)

Vmax = 1 10 ( 300 100 )
0 24 6x = 0 x = 4
y = 24 3(4 ) = 6
2
= 1000 cm3
Will give a maximum, as a negative x 2 parabola
Dimensions are 4 6 cm
5
y
y
r
x + 2y = 120
Maximise A= xy = (120 2y)y = 120y 2y 2
dA
dy
2r2 + 2rh = 600

2rh = 600 2r2
0 120 4y = 0 y = 30
2
Will give maximum A since negative y parabola

Width = x = 120 60 = 60 cm
h=
300 S r 2
Sr
Maximise V = r2h =
S r 2 300 S r 2
Sr
= 300r r3
h
dV
dr
0 300 3r2 = 0
r2 =
r + h = 12
1
Maximise V = 3 r 2h
=
=
1
S r 2 (12 r )
3
1
S (12r 2 r 3 )
3
100
S
Negative r impossible and will give minimum so

r=
10
S
for maximum V.
So dimensions are r =
10
S
and h =
200
10 S
20
S
r 5.64 cm h 11.28 cm
11
WORKED SOLUTIONS
9
11
24 2x
x
x
h
24 2x
V = 350
r2h = 350
V = (24 2x)2x
2
r=5h=
350
25S
r=2h=
350
4S
r2h = 350
ii
h=
iii
A = 2r2 + 2rh
= 2 (12 x) x
= 4x(144 24x + x2)
V = 4 (144x 24x2 + x3),
dV
dx
= 0 144 48x + 3x2 = 0

x2 16x + 48 = 0
= 2S r +
x=4
iv
16 2x
r=
x
x
12 a
V = (16 2x) (10 2x)x

= 2(8 x) (5 x)x
= 4x(8 x) (5 x) cm3
V = 4x(40 13x + x2)
= 4(x3 13x2 + 40x)
dV
dx
700
4S
= 3 175
S
LW = 50000
Length y = 2L + 3W
100 000
W
+ 3W
= 0 3 100 000
=0
2
W
W 2 = 100 000
or x = 2
Max V will be at first stationary point
W = 182.6 m
Will give a minimum (check
V
x = 2 give maximum.
either side).
Length = 2L + 3W = 400 + 750 = 1150 m.
dy
dW
(3x 20) (x 2) = 0
dA
dr
= 0 3x 26x + 40 = 0
20
3
250 m
x=
700
4S
Does give minimum A (check

So r 3.82 cm
and h 7.64 cm
v Amin = 274.9 cm2
10 2x
x
= 4S r 700
=0
2
r3 =
x = 12
700
r
Minimise A
dA
dr
27.85 cm
350
Sr2
Sr
Vmax at x = 4
87.5
S
2S r 2 2S r u 3502
(x 12) (x 4) = 0
10
= 14 4.46 cm
dy
dW
either side)
This gives L = 50000 273.9 m

W
Perimeter = 2L + 2W 913 m
So Vmax = 4(8 13 4 + 80)

= 144 cm3
12
WORKED SOLUTIONS
13 a
(2L + 2W) 3 + 5W = $3950
LW = 50 000
Cost, C = 6L + 6W + 5W
15
2w2h = 225 000

a
50 cm
ii 2 50 50 h = 225000
i
h = 2250 = 45 cm
= 6L + 11W
=
dC
dW
300 000
W
300 000
W2
50
+ 11W
length = 4w + 2w + 4h
= 6w + 4h
= 480 cm
2
2x h
L = 6w + 4h
iii
+ 11
= 0 when W 2 = 300 000

11
i.e. W 165.1 m
Gives minimum, by checking
dC
dW
= 6x + 4h = 6x + 4 225000
2
either side.
2x
= 6x +
Field is 165.1 302.8 m

Cmin =
14 a
300 000
165.1
+ 11 165.1 = $3633.18
dL
dx
= 6 900300
x
= 0 when
h = 16 cm
Page is 22 cm 13 cm
Area is 286 cm2
1
293 7 cm2
A = wh
P = (w + 4) (h + 6)
P = wh + 4h + 6w + 24 =144 + 24 + 4h +
x3
900 000
6
= 150 000
x = 53.1 cm (will give minimum check

gradient either side)
Dimensions are width 53.1 cm
length 106.2 cm
6 144
h
= 168 + 4h +
dP
dh
450 000
x2
height 39.8 cm
Length of frame 478.2 cm
86
h
= 4 8642
h
h = 216
h 14.7 cm
2
giving w = 9.8 cm
Minimum size of Full page is 20.7 cm 13.8 cm
(gives minimum by checking either side)
13

Maths Studies Topic 6

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Maths Studies Topic 6

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WORKED SOLUTIONS

f (r) = 2 (2r 2 18) = f (r) = 2r

f (r) = 2(2r 3) 2 = 4(2r 3) = 8r 12

f (r) = 2(5 2r) 2 = 4(5 2r) = 8r 20

f (r) = 5 2(7 r) 1 = 10(7 r) = 10r 70

Worked solutions: Chapter 6

= 8(3)3 9(3)2 = 135

Worked solutions: Chapter 6

f (x) = f (x) 2x2 x + 1 = 4x 1

So points are (1, 4) and (1, 6)

straight line is y (11) = 8(x 2)

Second point is (4, 5)

points are (5, 5) and (2, 9)

0 = 3x2 12 when gradient is zero

line has eqn y ( 4) = 5(x 1)

straight line has gradient m =

Worked solutions: Chapter 6

tangent is y + 7 = 12(x 3) y = 12x + 29

tangent is y 107 = 40(x 2) y = 40x + 27

tangent is y 121 = 128(x 4) y = 128x 391

tangent is y + 8 = 11(x + 1) y = 11x + 3

tangent is y 0 = 16(x 4) y = 16x + 64

Worked solutions: Chapter 6

At (5, 1), tangent is y 12(x 5) y = 2x 9

Try x = 1: (1)3 + 3(1) + 4 = 1 3 + 4 = 0

so the curve passes through (1, 6)

Thus, y (6) = 6 (x (1))

so normal at (1, 0) has gradient m =

Since the gradient is zero, the equation of the

so normal at (1, 6) has gradient m = 6

Worked solutions: Chapter 6

The pool has reached an area of 45 cm2 when

W(1) = 5 + 640 + 40 = 685 tonnes

Tangents are y 100 = 36(x + 5) y = 36x + 280

This is the time at which the weight of the oil

= 7.8 secs (1 d.p.)

V (0) = 100 cm3

V (3) = 100 + 6 + 27 = 133 cm3

represents the rate of change of the

represents the rate of change of the area

= 23.75 tonnes/hour when t = 2

There is 133 cm3 of water in the container

At t = 3, depth is decreasing at 31 cm/sec.

(1) (2) q = 2 and p =

The tank was emptying when t = 3, but has

P(0) = 15 i.e. there is a 15 000 dollar

Worked solutions: Chapter 6

= 30x 2 + 80x + 10 dollars/tonne

The company is in prot when 2 tonnes are

= 60x 15x 2 = 0 x(4 x) = 0

Stationary points are (3, 5) (1, 1)

Stationary points are (2, 0) and (4, 4)

giving a maximum prot of 107 088 dollars

x must be positive, so x = 2.79 tonnes (3 sf)

(3, 27) maximum

Worked solutions: Chapter 6

y(3) = 18(3) 3(3)2 + 2

Stationary point is (2, 12)

so (2, 12) minimum

0; dy (3) > 0 5 , 7 minimum

Stationary points are (6, 3) and (6, 3)

Stationary points are (4, 4) and (4, 4)

(3, 29) maximum