ZGO-01-01-003 Adaptive Multi-Rate - AMR - Codec V8.20 20091230 PDF

ZGO-01-01-003 Adaptive MultiRate (AMR) Codec
Feature Description
ZGO-01-01-003 Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Codec

Version
Date
Author
Approved By
Remarks
V8.11
2009-02-26
Not open to the Third Party
V8.12
2009-08-16
V8.20
2009-12-30
2010 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZTE CONFIDENTIAL: This document contains proprietary information of ZTE and is not to be
disclosed or used without the prior written permission of ZTE.
Due to update and improvement of ZTE products and technologies, information of the document is
subjected to change without notice.
ZTE Confidential Proprietary
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
Feature Attributey ...................................................................................................... 1
2
2.1
2.2
Overview ..................................................................................................................... 1
Feature Introduction..................................................................................................... 1
Corelation with Other Features .................................................................................... 4
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.4
Technical Description ................................................................................................ 4

AMR Procedure ........................................................................................................... 4
Description of AMR Functions ..................................................................................... 7
Description of AMR Parameters .................................................................................. 8
ACS.............................................................................................................................. 8
Threshold and Hysteresis ............................................................................................ 9
ICM ............................................................................................................................ 10
Others ........................................................................................................................ 11
AMR with TrFO .......................................................................................................... 11
4
4.1
4.2
Parameters and Configurations.............................................................................. 13

Parameter List ........................................................................................................... 13
Parameter Configurations .......................................................................................... 16
5
5.1
5.2
Related Counters and Alarms ................................................................................. 20

Related Counters ....................................................................................................... 20
Related Alarms .......................................................................................................... 23
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
Engineering Guide ................................................................................................... 23

Application Scenario .................................................................................................. 23
Configuration Description .......................................................................................... 23
Network Impact .......................................................................................................... 23
Abbreviation ............................................................................................................. 24
Reference Document ............................................................................................... 24
FIGURES
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
AMR coding modes ....................................................................................................... 3

AMR speech quality ....................................................................................................... 4
Message procedure of AMR on major system interfaces .............................................. 5
Speech Version Establishment Flow ............................................................................. 7
Definition of threshold and hysteresis during code mode adaptation ............................ 9
Out-of-band codec negotiation procedure ................................................................... 12
Windows for AMR Configuration-1 .............................................................................. 17
Windows for AMR FR Configuration ............................................................................ 18
Windows for AMR HR Configuration ........................................................................... 18
19
ZTE ConfidentialProprietary

Figure 13
TABLES
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
List of coding rate modes in ACS .................................................................................. 9

Counter List for CS Basic Measurement ..................................................................... 20
Counter List of Radio Resource Availability Measurement ......................................... 21
Counter List of TCH/F Measurement ........................................................................... 21
Counter List of TCH/H Measurement .......................................................................... 22
Feature Attributey
iBSC Version: [ZXG10 iBSC V6.20].
BTS Version: [Independent of BTS software and hardware platforms]
Property: [Optional function]
Related Network Element:
NE Name
Involved Or Not
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
MGW
SGSN
GGSN
HLR
Special Requirement
Dependent Function: [None].

Exclusive Function: [None].
Note: [None].
Overview
2.1
Feature Introduction
As a second generation digital cellular communication system, Global System for Mobile
Communications has been widely used around the world. At present, voice services are
the major services in GSM. The development of voice services and coding technologies
is fuelled up by users' demand for high-quality voice communication services and
operators demand for capacity increase to reduce investment. Therefore, the Adaptive
Multi-Rate Codec (AMR) technology was introduced into ETSI standards in 1999.
Compared with the original GSM voice codec that adopts constant coding rate, AMR
uses link adaptation to select the optimal channel mode (Full Rate (FR) or Half Rate
(HR)) and source coding mode (differentiated by bit rate) for speech transmission based
on radio channel and transmission conditions, so as to offer the best trade-off between
speech quality and system capacity.
AMR contains the following two adaptive technologies:
Adaptive channel rate mode.

The channel rate mode only changes when a call is set up or MS enters a new cell.
MSC allocates constant channel rate mode (FR/HR) for both communication parties
based on channel quality and utilization (for example, frequency and frequency
band utilization. When fewer frequency band is available, MSC will allocate lower
rate mode for new calls to balance the network capacity and service quality.). The
channel rate mode, once established, will not change during conversation.
Adaptive source coding mode and channel coding mode

AMR performs adaptive change of source coding and channel coding modes during
conversion based on estimated channel quality, that is, adjust source coding and
channel coding rates while keeping total channel transmission rate unchanged.
AMR adjusts channel coding rate (by providing extra bits) to ensure conversation
quality by reducing source coding rate when channel conditions are bad and
redundant bits in channel codes are insufficient to correct transmission error.
Contrarily, it increases source coding rate to enhance speech quality when channel
conditions are good.
The algorithm adopted by AMR is Multi-Rate Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction
(MR-ACELP). As a hybrid algorithm of CELP, MR-ACELP not only inherits general
technical features of CELP (for example, hybrid parameter analysis and excitation
generation, and ABS), but also combines advantages of multiple speech-related hybrid
coding algorithms in digital mobile communication to adapt to speech coding
requirements of different mobile networks.
AMR speech coding frames are 20 ms long. One frame contains 4 sub-frames, with
sampling frequency of 8kHz (160 samples for 20 ms frames). AMR algorithm
implements coding/decoding (respectively relative to the downlink/uplink processing of
speech links) of consecutive 20 ms speech frames based on different rate modes.
As a part of coding data, the coding mode and speech coding data are both involved in
channel coding and are referred to as in-band information. According to the protocol,
there are a total of 14 modes of the AMR codec, 8 are available in a full rate channel
(FR) and 6 on a half rate channel (HR), as shown in Figure 1. In practice, a maximum of
4 modes can be adopted whether in FR or HR. These four modes or less constitute the
Active Codec Set (ACS).
Figure 1
AMR coding modes
AMR contains three core parameters:
ACS: refers to the Active Codec Set of AMR.
Threshold: refers to the threshold value for code change.
Hysteresis: refers to code change Hysteresis.
The latter two parameters are used to determine which rate mode is adopted.
AMR is of variable rate compared with other speech coding modes. It adjusts speech
coding rate based on equivalent Carrier-to-Interference Ratio (C/I) value to ensure the
best possible speech quality under different C/I values, as shown in Figure 2. AMR is
enabled based on user requirements when channel conditions are bad.
Figure 2
2.2
AMR speech quality
Correlation with Other Features

This feature is functionally related to the following features:
ZGO-04-02-007 AMR Radio Link Timers
ZGO-03-02-006 Independent Threshold for Dynamic AMR HR-FR Conversion
ZGO-04-02-008 AMR Power Control
The specific descriptions are as follows:

Relation with AMR Radio Link Timers, Independent Threshold for Dynamic AMR HRFR Conversion and AMR Power Control: These three features can only be
implemented when AMR is adopted.
Technical Description
3.1
AMR Procedure
Figure 3 shows the message procedure of AMR on major system interfaces.
Figure 3
Message procedure of AMR on major system interfaces
As shown in Figure 3, speech data frame is associated with Codec Mode Indication
(CMI) in both uplink and downlink directions. The CMI is used at the receiving end to
select correct channel and source decoders, and it is also sent to TC to select correct
source decoding on mobile network.
BTS must estimate uplink channel quality for uplink coding adaptation, select optimal
coding for current propagation environment and send the information to MS over air
interface through a message.
MS must estimate downlink channel quality for downlink coding adaptation, and send a
message containing quality information to BTS. The quality information is mapped to a
coding mode.
The coding mode is theoretically variable in each speech frame, but in practice, coding
adaptation is performed at low rate due to transmission delay and necessary filtering
during adaptation. Each link may adopt different coding modes, but the same channel
type (FR or HR) must be adopted for uplink/downlink.
Channel type is selected during call setup or upon handover through radio resource
management function and can be changed based on channel conditions during
conversation.
The calling procedures involved in AMR include: assignment, incoming inter-BSC
handover, outgoing inter-BSC handover, and intra-BSC handover.
Assignment procedure is as follows:
MSC judges whether MS is AMR-capable based on MS support capability, call

service type, speech version allowed by MSC and No. of circuit pool of A interface
circuit.
MSC determines speech version set allowed in this call and send it to BSC through
an Assignment Request message.
BSC obtains the available speech versions by taking the intersection of speech
version set carried in the Assignment Request message and that supported by the
cell.
BSC selects a speech version of highest level from the available speech versions
as the final speech version based on allocated channel type.
If AMR speech codec is selected, BSC sends AMR service parameters to BTS
through channel activation command or mode modification command, and to MS
through assignment command or mode modification command. Upon receiving the
assignment command or mode modification command, MS returns an Assignment
Complete message to MSC. AMR call assignment procedure ends.
Incoming inter-BSC handover procedure is as follows:
MSC judges whether MS is AMR-capable based on MS support capability, call

service type, speech version allowed by MSC and No. of circuit pool of A interface
circuit.
MSC determines speech version set allowed in this call and send it to BSC through
an Assignment Request message.
BSC obtains the available speech versions by taking the intersection of speech
version set carried in the Assignment Request message from MSC and that
supported by the cell.
BSC selects a speech version of highest level from the available speech versions
as the final speech version based on allocated channel type.
through channel activation command. Upon receiving channel activation response
from BTS, BSC returns a handover request response message to MSC and sends
AMR service parameters to MS through handover command.
Outgoing inter-BSC handover procedure is as follows:

BSC handover decision algorithm initiates outgoing inter-BSC handover procedure, and
sends a HO RQD message to MSC, containing the speech version used in current call.
Intra-BSC handover procedure is as follows:
BSC handover decision algorithm initiates intra-BSC handover, and obtains the final
speech version in the same way described in assignment procedure.
through channel activation command and to MS through handover command.
Figure 4 shows speech version establishment flow.
Figure 4
3.2
Speech Version Establishment Flow
Description of AMR Functions

AMR supports the following functions:
Support AMR-FR speech codec function, including 8 types of speech rates:
12.2kbit/s (GSM EFR)
10.2kbit/s
7.95kbit/s
7.40kbit/s (IS-641)
6.70kbit/s
5.90kbit/s
5.15kbit/s
4.75kbit/s
Support AMR-FR coding rate adjustment in ACS based on C/I values.
Support AMR-HR speech codec function, including 6 types of speech rates:
7.95kbit/s
7.40kbit/s(IS-641)
6.70kbit/s
5.90kbit/s
5.15kbit/s
4.75kbit/s
Support AMR-HR coding rate adjustment in ACS based on C/I values.

Note:
The coding rate 7.95kbit/s is supported only when IP transmission mode instead of
TDM is adopted on A interface.
Support cell-level enabling and disabling of AMR.
Support cell-level settings of different ACSs, coding rate adjustment threshold

values and hysteresis values and initial coding rates.
Support dynamic configuration of AMR enabling/disabling, ACS, coding rate

adjustment threshold, hysteresis and initial coding rate.
Support different radio link timers for AMR and non-AMR calls. For details, see
ZGO-04-02-007 AMR Radio Link Timers.
Support different threshold values for AMR HR-FR conversion and non-AMR HRFR conversion.
Support different power control strategies for AMR and non-AMR calls. For details,
see ZGO-04-02-008 AMR Power Control.
Support TFO and TrFO.
Support ACS change during handover rather than during channel hold.
3.3
Description of AMR Parameters
3.3.1
ACS
The ACS used in BSS and MS is defined through L3 signaling during call setup or
handover, and set through the parameters AMR-FR coding rate mode set (AmrFullAcs)
or AMR-HR coding rate mode set (AmrHalfAcs). ACS contains a maximum of 4 coding
modes, as listed in Table 1.

Table 1
3.3.2
List of coding rate modes in ACS
Identifier
Description
CODEC_MODE_1
It indicates the lowest coding mode (lowest bit rate) in

ACS.
CODEC_MODE_2
It indicates next lowest mode if ACS contains more than

one mode.
CODEC_MODE_3
It indicates the third lowest mode if ACS contains more

than two modes.
CODEC_MODE_4
It indicates the highest mode if ACS contains four

modes.
Threshold and Hysteresis

AMR coding mode is selected from ACS (generally containing one to four coding modes)
based on one to three threshold values (parameter AmrThresholds) and hysteresis
(parameter AmrHysteresis) during call setup. ACS, threshold and hysteresis are all
defined during call initiation.
Channel quality measurement and estimate are based on equivalent C/I. Both MS and
BSS constantly adjust QI based on C/I norm, and CMR and CMC are judged based on
quantized values of QI. Hysteresis is used to prevent frequency switching of CMR and
CMC among different modes. The previously sent CMC (CMR) is used as the status of
current adaptation logic, and upper and lower thresholds are defined for each status: For
CMC, lower threshold: THR_MC_Dn and upper threshold: THR_MC_Up; for CMR, lower
threshold: THR_MR_Dn and upper threshold: THR_MR_Up. If the measurement value
falls below the lower threshold, next CMC/CMR will request a lower coding rate. If the
measurement value rises above the upper threshold, next CMC/CMR will request a
higher coding rate. If the measurement value falls between upper and lower thresholds,
CMC/CMR will retain current coding rate, as shown in Figure 5.
To avoid channel error and bit error, CMC, CMR and CMI must control the rate mode to
change stepwise (instead of mode skip) between adjacent modes unless because of
handover or TFO.
C/I
CODEC_MODE_4
THR_3 + HYST_3 = THR_MX_Up(3)
THR_3
= THR_MX_Dn(4)
CODEC_MODE_3
CODEC_MODE_2
THR_2
= THR_MX_Dn(3)

CODEC_MODE_1
Figure 5
THR_1
= THR_MX_Dn(2)
Definition of threshold and hysteresis during code mode adaptation
The switch thresholds shall be given by network in consecutive order.
THR _1 THR _ 2 THR _ 3

THR _1 + HYST _1 THR _ 2 + HYST _ 2 THR _ 3 + HYST _ 3
Parameter
Description
Scope
Number
of bits
THR_1/2/3
Lowest threshold for switching from j to j-1.
0-63
HYST_1/2/3
Hysteresis to obtain higher threshold from j to j+1.
0-15
Threshold (THR) is given in a step length of absolute value 0.5 dB. The threshold
between 0 and 63 must be mapped to normalized C/I:
When threshold and hysteresis parameters defined through L3 signaling are used,
HYST_1/2/3 must be coded in a step length of 0.5dB:
3.3.3
ICM
The Initial Codec Mode (ICM) adopted during call setup and handover can be indicated
through L3 signaling. The value of ICM is judged through the parameters AMR codec
mode (IsAmrICM) and AMR start codec mode (AmrStartMod). The clearly indicated
ICM must have higher priority than default ICM. The default value of ICM is defined as
follows:
If ACS contains:
One codec mode, then ICM is the initial codec mode.
Two or three codec modes, then ICM is the most robust (lowest bit rate) mode in the set.
Four codec modes, then ICM is the next most robust (next lowest bit rate) mode in the
set. If the ACS changes during calling, then the default ICM will be used all the time until
another clearly indicated ICM is received.
10

For example,
Assume ACS contains four bit rates of 12.2 kbit/s, 7.95 kbit/s, 6.70 kbit/s and 4.75 kbit/s:
Condition 1: IsAmrICM= Startmode, and AmrStartMode=1,
Then ICM=4.75 kbit/s.
Condition 2: IsAmrICM= Startmode, and AmrStartMode=2,
Then ICM = 6.70 kbit/s.
Condition 3: IsAmrICM=6.70 kbit/s,
Then AmrStartMode is invalid and ICM=6.70 kbit/s.
3.3.4
Others
The parameter AMR Noise Suppression (IsAmrNscb) is used to judge whether AMR
noise suppression is allowed.
3.4
AMR with TrFO

Transcoder Free Operation (TrFO), also known as Out-of-Band Transcoder Control
(OoBTC), is a technology used to negotiate speech codec modes through out-of-band
call control signaling during call setup. After negotiation, MSs can make calls with one
another without using codec, and hence speech quality is improved. The out-of-band
negotiation mechanism makes TC resources dispensable for TrFO, and thus saves
precious TC resources and reduces power consumption arising thereof. In addition,
using TrFO in group carrier can save bandwidth because speech can be transmitted in
core networks at the rate of AMR 12.2 kbps.
In A-interface over TDM mode, TRAU is located on BSS side. For voice services, it
implements codec conversion from 2G coding/decoding to TDM PCM, and for data
services, it implements 64k for rate matching. MGW receives the PCM mode, and
coding/decoding algorithm is G.711. TC is not required when MGW accesses A interface
terminal, and a TrFO call cannot be established in the call process.
In A interface over IP (AoIP) mode, TRAU is built in the MGW. Therefore, the voice
packets from BSS may include several types such as GSM HR, GSM FR, GSM EFR, FR
AMR, and HR AMR.
For calls adopting GSM HR, GSM FR, and GSM EFR codec modes, TrFO calls are
judged based on the following conditions:
All streams of terminals at the stream layer are voice services.
The codec types of all streams of terminals at the stream layer are consistent.
For calls adopting HR AMR, FR AMR, UMTS AMR and UMTS AMR2 codec modes,
TrFO calls are judged based on the following conditions:
11
All streams of terminals at the stream layer are voice services.
The codec types of all streams of terminals at the stream layer are consistent.
The UP Version of streams of UP-capable terminals at the stream layer supports 2.
The ACSs of all streams of terminals at the stream layer are consistent.
Generally, TrFO negotiation is implemented by MGW. At first, BSC performs channel

allocation based on the ACS specified in the ASSIGNMENT REQUEST (Asssignment)
or HANDOVER REQUEST (outgoing inter-BSC handover) message. The sequence of
channel types and speech version represents the result of TrFO negotiation
implemented by MSC.
Then, BSC will make the final decision for channel allocation in terms of different
strategy like requirement from MSC, BSS channel allocation strategy and busy status of
traffic, etc. Afterwards, BSC will send the selected channel type and speech version to
the MSC through the ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE and HANDOVER REQUEST
ACKNOWLEDGE messages based on the final decision. At this time, TrFO
implementation requirements may be met or may not be met. If its failed to meet the
requirement on establishing TrFO call, then MSC will make MGW insert a pair of TCs to
do the voice transcoding
Finally, BSC inserts TC unit in MGW.
O-MSC
T-MSC
Transit
Transit
MGW
O-MGW
T-MGW
Codec List (v, w, x, y, z)

Codec List (v, w, x, z)
Selected Codec = v
Selected Codec = v, Available List (v, x, z, )
Selected Codec = v, Available
List (v, x, z, )
Selected Codec = v
Selected Codec = v
Bearer Established
Figure 6
Bearer Established
Out-of-band codec negotiation procedure
The TrFO negotiation procedure in MGW is illustrated in Figure 6, with details listed as
follows:
12
A calling MS sends a SETUP message carrying a codec list supported by the

calling UE to a calling MSC Server. At this moment, the out-of-band codec
negotiation procedure for TrFo call setup starts. Upon obtaining the codec list, the
calling MSC Server takes an intersection of ACSs supported by RNC and MGW,

and then sends an IAM message containing the supported codec list to the called
MSC Server. The codec list in the example is (v, w, x, y, z).
The intermediate switch can delete the codec types not supported by itself, for
example, y is deleted from the instance.
Upon obtaining the codec list (v, w, x, z) supported by the calling side, the called
switch calculates the codec list supported by RNC and MGW in connection with the
called MS, and that supported by the called UE, to acquire the available codec list
(ACL). In the above example, the ACL is (v, x, z), where, the first codec v
represents SC, that is, selecting codec v as the current codec type.
The called MSC Server sends the negotiated SC and ACL to the caller's network to
inform MGW, and sets up a user-plane bearer by using codec V. Upon receiving the
SC and ACL, the calling MSC Server If there is a codec is available in ACL, the call
will be set up with inserting TC and then MSC could modify the codec type during
the call to rebuild the TrFO call.
Parameters and Configurations
4.1
Parameter List
Full Name
AMR Full Active Codec Set
Abbreviation
AmrFullAcs
The code has 8 bits. The code has 8 bits. Bit 8:12.2 kbps;
Bit 7: 10.2 kbps; Bit 6: 7.95 kbps; Bit 5: 6.70 kbps
Bit 2: 5.15 kbps; Bit 1: 4.75 kbps.
Yes represents 1 and No represents 0.
Default code is 10101010 (that is 170)
Description
Value Range
From 4.75 kbit/s, 5.15 kbit/s, 5.90 kbit/s, 6.70 kbit/s, 7.40
kbit/s, 7.95 kbit/s, 10.2 kbit/s to 12.2 kbit/s, value range is
Yes/No.
Unit
None
Default
Default is [No, Yes, No, Yes, No, Yes, No, Yes] in order.
Management
Object
Cell
Full Name
Threshold of AMR
Abbreviation
AmrThresholds
13
The threshold of changing AMR mode includes seven

factors: AmrThresholds1, AmrThresholds2,
AmrThresholds3, AmrThresholds4, AmrThresholds5,
AmrThresholds6, AmrThresholds7. Also,the following
restricted conditions shall be met:
AmrThresholds1AmrThresholds2AmrThresholds3
AmrThresholds4AmrThresholds5AmrThresholds6AmrThresholds7 AmrThresholds1
AmrHysteresis1AmrThresholds2 AmrHysteresis2
AmrThresholds3 AmrHysteresis3AmrThresholds4 AmrHysteresis4AmrThresholds5
AmrThresholds7 AmrHysteresis7
Description
Including mode 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. Value range is

0~63.
Value Range
0: 0.0 dB;
1: 0.5 dB;
2: 1.0 dB
63: 31.5 dB
Unit
None
Default
691318243139
Management
Object
Cell
Full Name
Hysteresis of AMR
Abbreviation
AmrHysteresis
The hysteresis of changing AMR mode includes seven
factors: AmrHysteresis1, AmrHysteresis2,
AmrHysteresis3, AmrHysteresis4, AmrHysteresis5,
AmrHysteresis6, AmrHysteresis7. Also, the
following restricted conditions shall be met:
AmrThresholds1AmrHysteresis1AmrThresholds2
AmrThresholds4 AmrHysteresis4AmrThresholds5 AmrHysteresis5AmrThresholds6
AmrHysteresis6AmrThresholds7AmrHysteresis7
Description
Including mode 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. Value range is

0~15.
Value Range
0: 0.0 dB;
1: 0.5 dB;
2: 1.0 dB
Unit
14
15: 7.5 dB
None

Default
3435556
Management
Object
Cell
Full Name
Initial codec mode
Abbreviation
IsAmrICM
Description
Use the coding mode specified by Startmode
Value Range
Startmode codec, Initial codec mode
Unit
None
Default
Startmode codec
Management
Object
Cell
Full Name
Start mode
Abbreviation
AmrStartMode
Description
Startmode codec mode
Value Range
When four values are configured as "No" within 8

elements in "AMR full Active Codec Set (AmrFullAcs)"
interface, value range is 1~4;
When five values are configured as "No" within 8
When six values are configured as "No" within 8
When seven values are configured as "No" within 8
interface, value range is 1;
When all values are configured as "No" for 8 elements
in "AMR full Active Codec Set (AmrFullAcs)" interface,
value range is null;
The values are as follows:
1: Select the coding mode with lowest bit rate as the

initial coding mode.
2: Select the coding mode with the second lowest bit
rate, if there is more than one coding mode.
3: Select the coding mode with the third lowest bit
rate, if there is more than two coding modes.
4: Select the coding mode with the fourth lowest bit
rate, if there are more than three coding modes.
Unit
None
Default
15
Management
Object
BSC
Full Name
Enable noise control

IsAmrNscb
Abbreviation
Description
This parameter defines whether AMR noise control is

enabled, that is, to suppress background noise and keep
original voice quality.
No: Enable noise suppression;
Yes: Disable noise suppression;
Value Range
Yes/No
Unit
None
Default
No
Management
Object
Cell
Full Name
AMR Half Active Codec Set

AmrHalfAcs
Abbreviation
4.2
Description
The code has 8 bits. Bit 6~ Bit 8: reserved; Bit 5: 7.40

kbps; Bit 4: 6.70 kbps
Bit 2: 5.15kbps; Bit 1: 4.75 kbps.
Yes represents 1 and No
represents 0.
Four coding modes could be set at the most. Default code
is 00011110 (that is 30).
Value Range
From 4.75 kbit/s, 5.15 kbit/s, 5.90 kbit/s, 6.70 kbit/s to 7.40
kbit/s, value range is Yes/No.
Unit
None
Default
Default is [No, Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes] in order.
Management
Object
Cell
Full Name
IP A AMR Start Mode
Abbreviation
IPAAmrStartMode
Description
AMR Start Mode when IP A configured
Value Range
Default rate, start rate will be the largest rate of ACS
Unit
None
Default
Default rate
Management
Object
Cell
Parameter Configurations
In the configuration resource tree window, select [OMC GERAN Subnetwork BSC
16

Managed Element Config Set BSC Function BTS Config BTS ID Cell ID],
as shown in the following figure;
Figure 7
Windows for AMR Configuration-1
17
Figure 8
Windows for AMR FR Configuration
Figure 9
Windows for AMR HR Configuration
In the configuration resource tree window, select [OMC GERAN Subnetwork

BSC Managed Element Config Set BSC Function BTS Config BTS ID
18

Cell ID], in the tag on the left side, to configure the AMR functions, as shown in
the following figure;
Figure 10 Windows for AMR Configuration-2
In the tag for [AMR half method params], set the following parameters,
AMR Half Active Codec Set
Threshold of AMR
Hysteresis of AMR
In the tag for [AMR Full method params], set the following parameters,
AMR Full Active Codec Set
19
Threshold of AMR
Hysteresis of AMR
Related Counters and Alarms
5.1
Related Counters
Table 2
20
Counter List of CS Basic Measurement
Counters
What it counts
C900060026
Number of TCH/F allocation success for assignment (speech

version3)
C900060027
Number of TCH/F allocation failure for assignment (speech

version3)
C900060145
Number of TCH/F allocation failure due to BTS connection

failure for assignment (speech version3)
C900060146
Number of TCH/F allocation failure due to BIU connection

C900060147
Number of TCH/F allocation failure due to TCU connection

C900060164
Number of TCH/F allocation failure due to channel activation

failure for handover(speech version3)
C900060165
Number of TCH/F allocation failure due to BTS connection

failure for handover (speech version3)

Counters
What it counts
C900060166
Number of TCH/F allocation failure due to BIU connection

C900060167
Number of TCH/F allocation failure due to TCU connection

C900060191
Number of TCH/H allocation failure due to channel activation

C900060192
Number of TCH/H allocation failure due to BTS connection

C900060193
Number of TCH/H allocation failure due to BIU connection

C900060194
Number of TCH/H allocation failure due to TCU connection

C900060195
Number of TCH/H allocation failure due to channel activation

C900060196
Number of TCH/H allocation failure due to BTS connection

C900060197
Number of TCH/H allocation failure due to BIU connection

C900060198
Number of TCH/H allocation failure due to TCU connection

Table 3
Counter List of Radio Resource Availability Measurement
Counter
What It Counts
C901080017
TCH/H busy time(SpeechVer3)
C901080018
TCH/H congestion time
Table 4
Counter List of TCH/F Measurement
Counter
What It Counts
C901260050
Number of TCH/F allocation attempts by BSC for assignment

(speech version 3)
C901260056
Number of TCH/F allocation attempts by BSC for handover

(speech version 3)
C901260057
Number of TCH/F allocation success by BSC for handover

(speech version 3)
C901260102
Number of data TCH/F allocation failure for assignment due to

TIPB connection failure (Speech version 3)
C901260103
Number of data TCH/F allocation failure for assignment due to

Resource request to iTC failure (Speech version 3)
C901260104
Number of data TCH/F allocation failure for handover due to

TIPB connection failure (Speech version 3)
C901260105
Number of data TCH/F allocation failure for handover due to
21
Counter
What It Counts
C901260118
Number of TCH/F allocation failure due to request AIPB

resource failure for assignment (speech version 3)
C901260119
Number of TCH/F allocation failure due to request UDP port

failure for assignment (speech version 3)
C901260120
Number of TCH/F allocation failure due to AIPB connection

C901260121
Number of TCH/F allocation failure due to request AIPB

resource failure for handover (speech version 3)
C901260122
Number of TCH/F allocation failure due to request UDP port

failure for handover (speech version 3)
C901260123
Number of TCH/F allocation failure due to AIPB connection

Table 5
22
Counter List of TCH/H Measurement
Counter
What It Counts
C901270050
Number of TCH/H allocation attempts for assignment (speech

version 3)
C901270051
Number of TCH/H allocation success for assignment (speech

version 3)
C901270056
Number of TCH/H allocation attempts by BSC for handover

(speech version 3)
C901270057
Number of TCH/H allocation success for handover (speech

version 3)
C901270094
Number of TCH/H allocation failure for assignment due to TIPB

connection failure (Speech version 1)
C901270095
Number of TCH/H allocation failure for assignment due to

C901270096
Number of TCH/H allocation failure for handover due to TIPB

connection failure (Speech version 1)
C901270097
Number of TCH/H allocation failure for handover due to

C901270118
Number of TCH/H allocation failure due to request AIPB

resource failure for assignment (speech version 3)
C901270119
Number of TCH/H allocation failure due to request UDP port

C901270120
Number of TCH/H allocation failure due to AIPB connection

C901270121
Number of TCH/H allocation failure due to request AIPB

resource failure for handover (speech version 3)
C901270122
Number of TCH/H allocation failure due to request UDP port

C901270123
Number of TCH/H allocation failure due to AIPB connection

5.2
Related Alarms
There are no relevant alarms for this function.
Engineering Guide
6.1
Application Scenario
This feature can be applied in important business areas, special areas with higher
requirements for speech quality, and areas with poor radio environments. The following
s the typical application scenarios of AMR:
1. AMR can be used in BSS system with TDM stream and IP data.
2. If the core network (CN) connects two/more BSS systems which are original from
different films, AMR also has an effect on this kind of system (CN with different BSS
systems).
3. When 3G RAN and 2G RAN want to have a conversation, they can use AMR.
AMR speech coding can improve the speech codec transmission rate, ease the conflict
between speech quality and system capacity, thus enhancing the speech conception.
6.2
Configuration Description
This feature does not involve the adjustment of iBSC or BTS hardware configuration.
6.3
Network Impact
1
Impacts on network
AMR speech codec features a stronger anti-interference capability than common
speech codec, so it can deliver better speech quality. In terms of speech quality,
AMR HR-FR lies between HR and FR, and only the network performance indexes
of uplink/downlink RQ and MOS values are affected. The uplink/downlink RQ and
MOS values of AMR HR-FR also lie between HR and FR.
Furthermore, the activation of AMR enables uplink and downlink channels to adopt
the coding schemes that are more applicable to the actual radio environment, thus
reducing the call drop rate during service initiation.
Impacts on NEs
This feature has no impact on the capacity of iBSC and BTS.
23
Abbreviation
Abbreviations
Full Characteristics
ACS
Active Codec Set
AMR
Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec
AoIP
A-interface over IP
BSC
Base Station Controller
BTS
Base Transceiver Station
CELP
Code-Excited Linear Predictive
C/I
Carrier/Interference
CMC
Code Mode Command
CMI
Codec Mode Indication
CMR
Code Mode Request
FR
Full Rate
HR
Half Rate
MOS
Mean Opinion Score
MS
Mobile Station
MSC
Mobile services Switching Centre
QI
Quality Indicator
RQ
Receive Quality
Reference Document
[[None]
24

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ZTE Confidential Proprietary

2010 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZGO-01-01-003 Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Codec

Feature Attributey ...................................................................................................... 1

Technical Description ................................................................................................ 4

Parameters and Configurations.............................................................................. 13

Related Counters and Alarms ................................................................................. 20

Engineering Guide ................................................................................................... 23

Reference Document ............................................................................................... 24

AMR coding modes ....................................................................................................... 3

2010 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZGO-01-01-003 Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Codec

Windows for AMR Configuration-4 .............................................................................. 20

List of coding rate modes in ACS .................................................................................. 9

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

2010 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZGO-01-01-003 Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Codec

Dependent Function: [None].

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

2010 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZGO-01-01-003 Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Codec

Adaptive channel rate mode.

Adaptive source coding mode and channel coding mode

2010 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZGO-01-01-003 Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Codec

AMR coding modes

AMR contains three core parameters:

ACS: refers to the Active Codec Set of AMR.

Threshold: refers to the threshold value for code change.

Hysteresis: refers to code change Hysteresis.

ZTE Confidential Proprietary

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ZGO-01-01-003 Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Codec

AMR speech quality

Correlation with Other Features

ZGO-04-02-007 AMR Radio Link Timers

ZGO-03-02-006 Independent Threshold for Dynamic AMR HR-FR Conversion

ZGO-04-02-008 AMR Power Control

The specific descriptions are as follows:

2010 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZGO-01-01-003 Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Codec

Message procedure of AMR on major system interfaces

MSC judges whether MS is AMR-capable based on MS support capability, call

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2010 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZGO-01-01-003 Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Codec

Incoming inter-BSC handover procedure is as follows:

MSC judges whether MS is AMR-capable based on MS support capability, call

Outgoing inter-BSC handover procedure is as follows:

Figure 4 shows speech version establishment flow.

2010 ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.

ZGO-01-01-003 Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Codec

Speech Version Establishment Flow

Description of AMR Functions

Support AMR-FR speech codec function, including 8 types of speech rates: