نوته حسابيه و أحمال الزلازل لبرج سكنى PDF

) (
" "
)(Simplified Modal Response Spectrum Method
) ( SAP 2000
- ) ( R. C. Raft
: +

)Page (1) of (58
)a7medal3isawy@yahoo.com (+2-01003932408
D E S I G N
fcu =
D A T A :
250 kg/cm
(After 28 days)
fsy = 3600 kg/cm
(Steel 36/52)
Flooring Cover = 150 kg/m

Live Load = 200 kg/m
= 300 kg/m
()
( - )
WALLS :
Wt. of Bricks = 1400 kg/m
Wt. of Mortar = 2000 kg/m
( TWO sides , 2 cm each )
-
Number of Floors =
13
(Basement + Ground +11 Typical Floors)

( + + )
Height of Basement Floor = 3.50 m

Height of Other Floors = 3.00 m
# Residential Building in Cairo
# Moderate (Medium) Density of Soil
. ( ) . #
. ( ) . #
(At Foundation Level)
Net Bearing Capacity of Soil = 17 t/m
( )
For "Working Stress Design Method" :
fco =
60
kg/cm
fc =
90
kg/cm
fs = 2000 kg/cm
qc =
kg/cm
qmax =
19
kg/cm
As' / As =
0.0
(for Slabs < 18 cm)
0.2
(for Beams & Slabs 18 cm)
a7medal3isawy@yahoo.com (+2-01003932408)
Page (2) of (58)
:

) (Working ) (Ultimate
.
Basic Calculations :
WALLS :

250 kg/m
)= 0.12 x 1400 + 0.02 (2000) . (2

430 kg/m
12 cm thickness :
25 cm thickness :
)= 0.25 x 1400 + 0.02 (2000) . (2
). (hw

)= h (floor) - t (beam
hw
= h (floor) - ts
hw
For Beams with t = 70 cm , Floor Height = 3.00m :
' 0.60 t/m

' 1.00 t/m
)= 0.25 (3.00 - 0.70
)Ww (12 cm
)= 0.43 (3.00 - 0.70
)Ww (25 cm
For Terrace (Cantilever Slab) :

) (Parapet )(
.
12
'0.21 t/m
70
= 0.12 x 0.70 x 2.5
w1
:

) (
' 0.60 t/m
)= 0.25 (3.00 - 0.70
w2
0.81
'0.81 t/m
)Page (3) of (58
w (edge) = 0.21 + 0.60
Steps of Solution
) (Statical System .
) (Solid ) (Hollow Block ) (Flat
.

)
( . . .

: :
) - -( .
) (ts ) ( :
Ls
Ls
Ls
35
30
25
Ls
Ls
Ls
45
40
35
)= Lc / (10 12
ts
= ts
One-Way
Slab
= ts
Two-Way
Slab
Cantilever Slab
#
) ( .
# ) (
) (Torsion .
# ) (Deflection
.
# ) (Simple
) (Continuity . ) (w L2/8
: .
) (
)( . )(
.
#
/ ) (Grashoff
/.
)Page (4) of (58
:
) (
= 0.5 r - 0.15
= 0.35 / r2
L
Ls
) (
:
) = r4 / (1 + r4
= 1 / (1 + r4) = 1 -
#
. ) (F. C
) / . (

.

#
) (t/m2
" " .
)( ) (.
.
:
)(Working
'Rft./m
k2
'Rft./m
Rft./m' M
fc
k2
M fc
ws
wall
FC LL
ts
Ls
No.
S1
S2
S3
...
)(Ultimate
Rft./m' M
C1
M C1
wall wsu
FC LL
ts
Ls
No.
S1
S2
S3
...
#
. ) - (
) (Uniform
.
)Page (5) of (58
Loads on Supporting Beams

Moment
Short
B2
Shear
Long
Long
Short
Ls
B1
S1
S2
S3
...
=
=
0.50
0.67
Beam (B1) :
Ca
Coefficient for Shear
Ce
Coefficient for Moment
Beam (B2) :
)Coefficient for Shear = 1 - 1 / (2 r

)Coefficient for Moment = 1 - 1 / (3 r2
)(r = L / Ls
't/m
Load for Shear = Ca . (Ls / 2) . ws
't/m
Load for Moment = Ce . (Ls / 2) . ws
r = 1

)(Working
'Rft./m
k2
fc
ws
Edge
Load
ts FC LL
No.
SC1
SC2
...
)(Ultimate
'Rft./m
C1
Mu
wsu
Edge
Load
ts FC LL
No.
SC1
SC2
...
)Page (6) of (58
:
. (Working)
As
2
ts
As' = As
N. A.
(Hook)
Z
2
As' = As
Ma
Stage (1) : Uncracked Section :

I (g) = 100 . ts3 / 12
f (ctr) = 0.75 (fcu)
Yt =
( Neglecting Rft. )
cm4
2/3
ws
Edge
Load
kg / cm
ts / 2
cm
Lc
Mcr = f (ctr) . I (g) / Yt

Stage (2) : Cracked Section :
( n = Es / Ec = 10 )
( ----) ( )
( n)
( Neutral axis)
=
Snv = 0.0
100 Z/2 + n . As' . (Z - 2) = n . As . (d - Z)
Z = - - - cm
cm4
I (cr) = 100 Z3/3 + n . As' . (Z - 2)2 + n . As . (d - Z)2

K = (Mcr/Ma)3
(Ma = Applied Moment)
I (e) = K . Ig + (1 - K) . I cr
cm4
(Effective Inertia)
[ Note : Icr < Ie < Ig ]

Ec = 14000 (fcu) 1/2
Ec Ie = - - (all.) = Lc / 450
kg / cm
kg . cm
cm
(act.) = (w L4/8 + P L3/3) / EI

(all.)
(SAFE)
Page (7) of (58)
w1
(
) L = L1 + L' + L3
L / 25
ts
w2
'L
w3
L3
L2
L1
w1 = w3 = ts . RC + F. C. + L. L.
t/m
w2 = (ts + 0.07) . RC + F. C. + L. L. Cos
t/m
Simplifying :
w2 ' = [(ts + 0.07) . RC + F. C.] / cos + L. L.
t/m

.
' w2
w1
L3
w1
L2
L1
R1
R2
) (Deflection :
:
) (Elastic Reaction
) (B.M.Dm
) (
)(Conjugate Beam Method
= (B. M. of B. M.) / E I
:

) / ( . :
w2 ' w1
w1
+
)Page (8) of (58
): (Flat Slab
) (Flat Slab
.
Approximately :
M (+ve) ws . Lav2 / 10
'Use Mesh 7 # 12 / m
)(Top & Bottom
M (-ve) ws . Lav2 / 8
Due to Earthquake :
)(
) M (+ve
OK
)(
max. M (+) = - -max. M (-) = - - -
M (Design) = M (-ve) + M (-) EQ

.
)' (As) = As (req.) - (7 # 12 / m
Use Additional Top Rft.
'Mesh 4 # 16 / m
)Page (9) of (58
: :
# )( :
L / 10
)L / (12 14
L/5

.
.
# .
) (
.
) /(
) (
.
)( )( .
#
)( .
( .
)
# ) (Statical System .
.
.
( )
# ) b5
( ) (b17 ). (b5
b17
) (b5 ) (b17 .
)b5 : (25 x 70

) (b17 ) (b5
) (R b17
) (B.M.Dm
.
)(---
3.51
6.42
2.88
3.03
2.27
) (b2
) (b1
) . . . (b3 .
)Page (10) of (58
)Page (11) of (58
:
:
)(3M Equation, Moment Distribution, Slope Deflection, Virtual Work . . . etc.
.
:
:
:
:
Own Weight = b . t . RC
't / m

) - -(
:
# ) (Load for Shear
.
# ) (Load for Moment ) (B.M.Dm
. ) (
.
) (
Example :
3.62
1.71
1.96
2.85 m
1.70 m
1.84
2.17
3.80 m
)(Moment Distribution
(D. F) 21 = 0.545
(D. F) 23 = 1 - (D.F) 21 = 0.455
)Solving for Shearing Force : (use load for shear

M21 = (FEM)21 + 0.5 (FEM)12 = 3.32 mt
M23 = (FEM)23 + 0.5 (FEM)32 = 7.56 mt
mt
5.63
) M2 = 3.32 + (7.56 - 3.32) (0.545

)M2 = 7.56 - (7.56 - 3.32) (0.455
4.49
7.40
OR
2.01
S. F. Dm
4.00
)Page (12) of (58
0.873
4.98
Solving for Bending Moment : (use load for moment)

M21 = 3.92 mt
M23 = 8.21 mt
M2 = 3.92 + (8.21 - 3.92) (0.545)

OR
M2 = 8.21 - (8.21 - 3.92) (0.455)
6.26
mt
6.26
B. M. Dm
1.42
5.03
Beam Section (12 x 70)
DESIGN:
Working
Ultimate
(fs = 2000 kg/cm2 , = 0.2)
Mu = 1.5 x 6.26 = 9.39 mt
66 = k1
k1 = 0.29
6.26 x 105
66 = c1
12
fc = 72 kg/cm2
(OK)
c1 = 3.73
9.39 x 105
250 x 12
c/d < 0.44
k2 = 1770
J = 0.792
As = 5.36 cm2
As = 4.99 cm2
(OK)
#
#
#
#
Page (13) of (58)
): (Wide Beam
). (Hidden Beam
# ) (
) (F. C ). (L. L
)w = o. wt. + load from slab (S1) + load from slab (S2) + (F. C + L. L) x (B

#
.
) (
)Page (14) of (58
:

) (Manual Solution .
). (SAP2000
#
.

.
#
( .
)
.

) (SAP2000 .
) (AutoCAD
: )
- - - . .(
.
.
) (. . .

) (Layer " "Grid .

) (ToolsDraw OrderSend to Back
) (Lock ) (Layer .

) (Layer ). (SAP_Frames
)(SAP2000
) (version 9
) (AutoCAD ) (Layer .
.
) ( .

). (SAP
)Page (15) of (58
)( ) (Joint .
""
) (Fillet-Erase-Trim-Extend
.
(
)
) (
.
.
)( ) (Point
) (FormatPoint Style
.
) (Points ) (Layer
) (Supports .
) (Shearwall ) (Core

.
) (3DFace
) ( .
) (SAP
. ) (AutoCAD ) (SAP .
) (Layer ) (SAP_Shells
) (version 9 ) (AutoCAD
)(SAP2000
) (Layer .
) (View3D Views
). (SW-SE-NE-NW
) ( )(Line

) @(0,0,3
. ) (Copy

.
)) (Shells (
) (
. ) (Shells
) (Shells .
)Page (16) of (58
). (DXF
Save Drawing As DXF-format
) (SAP .
File Import DXF
) (Z
) (Ton-m ) (Typical
.
.
Define Material Concrete Modify / Show Material
Weight per unit Volume = 2.50 t/m3
Modulus of Elasticity 2.1 e 6 t/m2
Poisson's Ratio = 1/6 1/5

) (Shells ) (AutoCAD
.
) (View ) (Set Elements or Set Display Options
) (Fill ) (Shells . )(Shell
.
Select Shell (Area) sections Assign Shell Local Axes Inverse
) (Shell ) (Slabs ) (Shearwalls
) . (Core ) (S16 )(SW25
) (SW30
) (Core .
Membrane thickness = Bending thickness = 0.16 m
For Slab 16cm :

. . . .
)Page (17) of (58
) (Frame . ) ( :
Section Name : B12x70 OR B12
Width (t2) : 0.12 m
Depth (t3) : 0.70 m
Modification Factors / Set Modifiers :

) ( :
)# Torsional Constant = Very Small Value (0.0001 OR 0.00001 say
)# Moment of Inertia about 3 axis = (6 10) (taken 8 as average
#
) . (Grid Action .
# ) (
.

) (Frames
) ( .
) (Frame
( ) (COL
)
) (Modification Factors / Set Modifiers .
# Torsional Constant = 0.0001
# Moment of Inertia about 2 axis = 0.0001
# Moment of Inertia about 3 axis = 0.0001

# ) () (
) (Axial Force .
) (Shells ) (Frames
) (Select
.
Assign Frame Section
Assign Shell (Area) Section

:
)Page (18) of (58
3 - Walls
1 - Own Weight
4 - Live Load
2 - Floor Cover
Define Static Load Cases / Load Patterns
Own Weight
) ( .
) (Self Weight Multiplier )(
.

) (Self Weight Multiplier ). (
:
) (OWT
) ( .
) Reactions (OWT) = Vol. (m3) x RC (t/m3
250 m3
= V x 2.5
620
)( ) + +(
.
Floor Cover
) +(
)(
/
/
# )(
) / (
( .
. ) (F. C )
# ) (F. C ) / (
) / ( .
) (F. C ) ( ) / . (
) (F. C ) /. (
)Page (19) of (58
Walls
) ( )(
.

.
) (Flat Slabs
) - / ( ) - /.(
Live Load
) / ( . )(
) /. (
Stair DL
) (D. L ) + (

) . (t/m .
Stair LL
) (L. L
). (t/m
.
) . .(
) (Continuity .
Edit Mesh Shells / Divide Areas
) (Select All ) (frame

) (frames .
Edit / Edit Lines Divide Frames
.
) (F. C ) : (L. L )(t/m2
:
Assign Shell (Area) Static Load Uniform
) : (Walls )
( ). (t/m
Assign Frame Static Load Uniform
)Page (20) of (58

:

) ( ) F.C (L. L
) ( ) (
W (wall) = 0.25 (3.00 - 0.16) = 0.71 t/m :
) (
ws = (0.50 x 0.71) / (0.50 x 0.50) = 1.42 t/m2
)( ) (Concentrated Load ) (Joints
:
F = 0.5 x 0.71 = 0.36 ton
F
)( ) (t/m ) (Dummy
)( .
) (Stair DL ) : (Stair LL ) . (t/m

.

) (Joints
.
Edit / Edit Points Merge Joints Tolerance = 0.10 m

) (Joints .

.
) ( .
View Set Display Options Extrude / Show Extrusion

.
.
Assign Frame Local Axes Rotate by 90
)Page (21) of (58
) (SAP :
) : ( ) ( ) ( ) (a,b
) (Constraint . ) (a,b :
.
Assign Joint constraints Add Body
) (SAP
:
) (Moment of Inertia about 3 axis
.

) (Moment of Inertia about 3 axis ) (
.
) ( )
( ) (Inertia
. ) (Uniform ) (OWT
) (F. C . :
t/m2
F. C = (0.13 x 2.5) + 0.15
OR
t/m2
OWT = 0.13 x 2.5
) (I22, I33 ) (I22, I33

) (SAP2000 ). (version 9

.
)Page (22) of (58

) (I22, I33 ) (Membrane ) (Shell
) (Normal Force .
) (
.
5
)(Frame
:
. ) (M33 ) (
. ) (Intermediate Hinge
). (Floating Bay
Select Frame Element Assign Frame Releases

End
Start

) (Release
.
.
M33
) (Supports
).(
) (Restraints ). (Fixed
Assign Joint Restraints Fixed
). (Support
a

). (b
)Page (23) of (58
b
c

Define Load Combinations Add New Combo
)(D & L
): (OWT + F. C + Walls + StairDL
)L : (L. L + StairLL
) (ADD ) (Scale Factor
). (Total Load

T=D+L
) (Ultimate

). (ULT
)ULT = 1.5 T = 1.5 (D + L
ULT = 1.4 D + 1.6 L
OR

Analyze Run / Run Analysis
) (Deformed Shape
.

Display Show Forces / Stresses
) (Working
). (Ultimate
) (Moment 3-3
). (Shear 2-2
)Page (24) of (58
: :
.
) ( :
) (Load for Shear .

) (Shearwall ). (Core

Own wt. of Column ( 5% 10% ) of Column's Load
.
) ( .
) ( ): (SAP
) - - (
). (Total Load Combination
Display Joints Reactions

.
) (SAP
#
)(
.
#
.
) (Working
). (Ultimate
(1) WORKING Method :
)(fco 55 kg/cm2
Nw = Ac . fco + 0.44 As . fsy

assuming As 1% Ac
) ( units : kg, cm
)Page (25) of (58
Nw 70 Ac
(2) ULTIMATE Method :

Nu = 0.35 Ac . fcu + 0.67 As . fsy
assuming As 1% Ac
Nu 105 Ac
) ( units : kg, cm
# ) (Ac .
) (t ) (b
.
# ) (
.
.

) (Flat Slab .
.
# :
Remarks
S. W.
Estimation of Columns' sections :
) ( 8 Floors
)t (ch.
)t (req.
Nw
)Nw (typ
Col.
80
79.62
30
167.2
19.0
70
62.86
30
132.0
15.0
100
93.87
30
197.1
22.4
209
144.32
25
252.6
28.7
362.6
41.2
165.4
18.8
30
100
95.96
30
201.5
22.9
31
60
57.41
30
120.6
13.7
32
As Shown in Drawing
CORE
.....
Circular
60
54.86
)tons (including own wt.

) (
) N %10 (
]N (tot.) = N (typ) x (No. of Floors) x [1.10
70 Ac
Nw = Ac. fco + 0.44 As . fsy
Nu = 0.35 Ac. fcu + 0.67 As . fsy 105 Ac

)Page (26) of (58
: )
( ) (Load for Moment
.

) (Load for Moment
) (Load for Shear ). (%

)(
.

) (SAP2000
.
)Page (27) of (58

" "
) ( Simplified Modal Response Spectrum Method
)(SAP2000
.
.
#

)) (Datum ( .
) ( .
:
.
) (D. L ). (L. L
.
) (--- .
:
) : (
) ( ) (AutoCAD
) (BPOLY .
) ( ) (REGION .
) (BPOLY
) (REGION .
) ( ) (MASSPROP ) (Region
. . )
( ) (Point .
) (
) (X,Y ) (Datums
) (Xi,Yi
.
Xi
Ni
Yi
) ( Ni . Yi
=
) ( Ni
YCG
) ( Ni . Xi
=
) ( Ni
XCG
X

.
)Page (28) of (58
:
:
) (AutoCAD
) ( .
ton
D. L / Floor = T. L (Area) . (L. L)av
) (% .
ton
D. L / Floor 0.85 x T. L
SAP
). (DL Combo
D. L / Floor = OWT + F. C + Walls + StairDL

) (SAP
:

) ( ) (Joints ) (Free ). (Restraints
.
) ( ) (Fixed
) ( ) (Run .
Fixed
Joint
) (
.
M1
:
N
: ) (D. L .
: M1/N ) (X .
: M2/N ) (Y .

.
M2
M1 : M2

:
) (F. C )/ (
) (L. L )/ ( .

.
)Page (29) of (58

. :
) (T1 )( ) (Annex-B
). (--
sec
) (T1 ) (X ) (Y :
0.75
T1 = ct . H
)T1 smallest of (4Tc OR 2 sec

: ct . (ct = 0.05) :
: H .
: Tc ). (
) (-
. ) ) . ( C (
" " ) (-
) (Type 2
) (Type 1 .
:

) (Type 1 .
) ( ) ( ) (TB, TC, TD, S ) (-
). (
) (Type 1 :
sec
sec
TD = 1.20
S = 1.5
TB = 0.10
TC = 0.25 sec
) (- ) ( .
)( = 1.00
) (R ) (
)( ) (Annex-A .
)(R = 5.00
) (- ) ( .
)( = 1.00
) (----- ). (
)( = 1.00
)Page (30) of (58
if T1 2 Tc
if T1 > 2 Tc
= 0.85
= 1.00
) (ag ) (g
. ) (--
) (- .
Cairo Zone (III) ag = 0.15 g
)( ) (Annex-C .
) S (T ) (T1
) . (--- ). (T1, TB, TC, TD
:
0.2 ag
TC < T1 < TD
S (T1) = S . (2.5 / R) . (TC / T1) . . ag
) (V :
) (V ). (W
. S (T1) . . W / g
( Factor ) . W
:
) (-- ) (V ) (Ultimate
) (Working )(. . =) (.
) (V :
) ( CHECK : Fi = V
Wi . Hi
) ( Wi . Hi
= Fi
) (X ) (Y (Fx = Fy) :
: Fi )(i
: Wi ). (i
: Hi ) (i .

) - -
( .

.

) (Eccentricity ) (X, Y ) (%
.
ey = 5% Ly
ex = 5% Lx
ex
: Lx )) . (X (Fy
: Ly )) . (Y (Fx
:
ey
Fy
Fx
) (Z )(Fx
Mzx = Fx . ey
) (Z )(Fy
Mzy = Fy . ex
)Page (31) of (58
Page (32) of (58)
Page (33) of (58)
0.4121 ag
V = . S (T1) . . W / g
=
0.0525 W
S (T1) =
(OK)
Y
189.63 t
ex = 5% Lx
ey = 5% Ly
= 1.685 m
= 1.025 m
Code specified eccentricities :
Effect of Torsional Moments :
4.10 % W
Height (m)
4.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
3.00
Floor
Ground
1 st.
2 nd.
3 rd.
4 th.
5 th.
4.00
7.00
10.00
13.00
16.00
19.00
Hi (m)
Ground
770
770
770
770
770
770
4620
Wi (t)
1.00 m
3.00 m
3080
5390
7700
10010
12320
14630
53130
Wi . Hi
33.70 m
m
Fy . ex
Fx . ey
EQ-Force
Mzy (m.t) Mzx (m.t)
(t)
10.99
18.52
11.27
19.24
32.42
19.72
27.48
46.31
28.17
35.73
60.20
36.62
43.97
74.09
45.07
52.22
87.99
53.52
189.63
20.50
0 Datum (Footing)
4.00 m
7.00 m
10.00 m
13.00 m
16.00 m
19.00 m
V=
x (1 / 1.28)
> 0.20 ag
S (T) = S . (2.5 / R) . (TC / T) . . ag
770 t
770 t
1 st.
TC < T1 < TD
3.00 m
770 t
3.00 m
2 nd.
[Zone III]
770 t
0.15 g
3.00 m
770 t
3 rd.
5 th.
Grnd. + 5 Typ.
770 t
sec
sec
sec
3.00 m
[T1 < 2TC]
0.85
1.20
0.25
0.10
( 6 Floors )
4 th.
[Ordinary Building]
1.00
TD =
TC =
TB =
[Curve type (1) :]
( )
3.00 m
[From Code - table (8-3)]
1.00
Reducing from Ultimate to Working Loads

[ From Code - Item (8-1-1) ]
ag =
=
=
=
[From Code - Annex (A)]
5.00
R=
m (av.)
[From Code - table (8-2)]
20.50
Ly =
m (av.)
1.50
33.70
Lx =
sec
S=
0.455
T1 =
(C) [From Code - table (8-1)]
19.00
H=
[From Code - Annex (B)]
Subsoil Class :
0.05
Ct =
Calculation of SEISMIC Force

(according to New Egyptian Code)

. () ( Working)

. (SAP2000)
Page (34) of (58)
) (SAP

). (OWT - F. C - L. L - Walls - Wind . . . . etc
.

) ( .

) (Flat Slab
.
). (Output Files

) (Modification Factors :
)(Very small Value
# Torsional Constant = 0.0001
# Moment of Inertia about 2 axis OR 3 axis = 1

) (Membrane

) (I22, I33 ) (Shell
) (I22, I33 ). (
) (Supports ). (Free

) ( ) .+( .
)(No. = 12 , Distance = +3.00 m
Edit Replicate Linear
) (Move .

.
) (
.
) (Supports ). (Fixed
: .
.
) (Rigid ) ( ) (

(
) (I33 )
( ). (Fixed
)

.
)Page (35) of (58
:
) ( ) (Plate
) (Shell ) (Rigidpl
) (I22, I33
) (Fixed .
:

:
-
) ( ) ( ) (I33
) (I22, I33 .
- )
( .
-

) ./ ( .
(Fx, Fy, Mzx, Mzy) :
) (Self Weight Multiplier .
) (
)(X
) (
) (Y ) (Z .
:
:
-
). (
- . .
( .
)
- ) (Frame element ) (Link
.
) (Constraints
). (Diaphragm
) ( :
Assign Joint Constraints Add Diaphragm
) (Diaphragm1 ) (Z
. ) (Diaphragm2 .
)Page (36) of (58
) (Combinations :
C O M B I N A T I O N
L O A D
M U L T I P L I E R S :
LOAD TYPE
FACTOR
CASE
COMBO TYPE
COMBO
)STATIC (QUAKE
FX
ADD
)STATIC (QUAKE
MZX
ADD
)STATIC (QUAKE
FX
ADD
)STATIC (QUAKE
-1
MZX
ADD
)STATIC (QUAKE
FY
ADD
)STATIC (QUAKE
MZY
ADD
)STATIC (QUAKE
FY
ADD
)STATIC (QUAKE
-1
MZY
ADD
COMBO
FX+MZX
ENV
COMBO
FX-MZX
ENV
COMBO
FY+MZY
ENV
COMBO
FY-MZY
ENV
COMBO
X-DIR
ENV
COMBO
Y-DIR
ENV
FX+MZX
FX-MZX
FY+MZY
FY-MZY
X-DIR
Y-DIR
EXTREME
) (Run
.

)( ) (N. F ). (B. M
) (X
) (
). (X-DIR Combo
) (Y
) (
). (Y-DIR Combo
: ) (X-DIR Combo
) (Y-DIR Combo .
) (Fx ) (X-Dir Combo
). (Fy
)Page (37) of (58

). (Working
) ( )(N. F
). (Nv

) (Axially Loaded .

) (Mv :
] , (e)min = bigger of [2 cm OR 5% t
Mv = Nv . (e)min

) (X-Dir Combo , Y-Dir Combo ) ( .
.
) (NEQ
.
) (N. F ) (B. M ) (Ultimate
) (Interaction Diagram :
fsy = 3600 kg/cm2 , = 0.90 , Uniform Steel Distribution
- " "
) (Design Aids / .
)Page (38) of (58
:
CASE ( I ) :
Nu = 1.5 Nv
Mu = 1.5 Mv
CASE ( II ) :
Nu = [ 1.5 Nv + 1.6 NEQ ] x 0.8

Mu = [ 1.5 Mv + 1.6 MEQ ] x 0.8
:
Eccentricity (e) = M / N
fcu b t
Mu
fcu b t
Small ecc.
e/t 0.5
Big ecc.
Use Interaction Diagram
For Small Eccentricity :

Nu
e/t < 0.5
get
tot = . fcu . 10 -5
(From Curve) - Small ecc.

Take max. of ()I , ()II
As tot = tot x Ac
= tot x (b . t)
cm2
Use First Principles
For Big Eccentricity :
es = e + t/2 - cover
d = c1
As =
Mus = Nu . es
Mus x 10
get : c1 , J
fcu x b
Mus
Nu
cm2
per Side
fsy / s
/ # / #
( Core)
( Check) (
# # )
. (First Principles)
J . d . fsy
= ---
: ( Check)
Page (39) of (58)

All VL. Rft. = 7 # 16 / m'
b1
fc
As1 = 4 # 18
0.8 z
Loads : (wrk)
b1
Nv = - - - t
NEQ = - - - t
N-A
Ly
MEQ = - - - mt
Y(c.g)
N = Nv + NEQ
C = fc . (b) . (0.8 Z)
c
y
= (0.67fcu/c) . (2 b1) . (0.8 Z)

=F(Z)
Ly
T1 = As1 x 2 x fy/s
T2 = T3 = As2 x fy/s
= 0.003
= fy / Es = 0.001714
y
c
, Ly = 0.571 Z
Y (c.g) = - - -
T4 = As4 x 2 x fy/s
T5 = As5 x 2 x fy/s
T6 = As6 x 4 x (0.5fy/s)
T = F(Z)
(N. F) = ZERO
N = C - T
Z = - - - cm
at ( N - A ) :
Due to ( C ) :
MC = C . ( Z - 0.4 Z ) = - - - mt
(+ ve)
Due to ( N ) :
MN = N . ( L - Ycg - Z ) = - - - mt
Due to ( T ) :
MT = (T. arm) = - - - mt
(- ve) (under N-A)
(+ ve)
Resistance Moment (MR)ult = (M)

= MC + MN + MT = - - - mt
Check :
MR (ult) ( 0.8 x 1.6 x MEQ )
(SAFE)
Page (40) of (58)
115
86
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
45
30
30
30
40
40
30
30
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
30.8
68.8
80.0
69.2
32.0
55.6
56.0
81.6
34.8
59.2
79.2
34.8
59.2
38.8
51.2
112.8
36.8
44.4
58.8
36.0
39.2
45.2
94.0
31.2
40.4
49.2
46.0
33.2
88.8
81.2
61.2
60.0
76.0
N. F. (V.)
(t)
0.77
1.72
1.60
1.38
0.80
1.39
1.68
1.84
0.87
1.48
2.38
0.87
1.48
0.97
1.61
4.51
0.92
1.11
1.47
0.90
0.98
1.13
3.76
0.78
1.74
2.83
1.15
0.83
3.11
2.84
1.53
1.50
2.28
B. M. (V.)
(m.t)
11.6
11.2
2.5
4.2
7.4
10.4
6.8
5.8
6.8
10.8
1.1
6.5
1.3
1.7
6.8
11.8
2.0
9.1
6.8
10.3
15.7
19.5
34.9
12.0
10.1
3.5
12.2
8.9
15.3
12.9
20.6
7.9
7.3
N. F.
(E.Q.) (t)
6.6
8.9
5.3
5.3
6.6
7.0
12.5
7.6
7.4
6.7
14.3
6.5
7.8
7.5
13.0
23.6
7.1
6.8
8.9
6.5
8.2
9.7
28.3
8.3
27.1
60.2
8.3
6.3
15.7
15.3
8.3
8.5
14.6
B. M.
(E.Q.)
(m.t)
(Working Loads)
(Seismic Load)
46.20
103.20
120.00
103.80
48.00
83.40
84.00
122.40
52.20
88.80
118.80
52.20
88.80
58.20
76.80
169.20
55.20
66.60
88.20
54.00
58.80
67.80
141.00
46.80
60.60
73.80
69.00
49.80
133.20
121.80
91.80
90.00
114.00
Nu (t)
1.16
2.58
2.40
2.08
1.20
2.09
2.52
2.75
1.31
2.22
3.56
1.31
2.22
1.46
2.42
6.77
1.38
1.67
2.21
1.35
1.47
1.70
5.64
1.17
2.61
4.24
1.73
1.25
4.66
4.26
2.30
2.25
3.42
Mu (m.t)
51.81
96.90
99.20
88.42
47.87
80.03
75.90
105.34
50.46
84.86
96.45
50.08
72.70
48.74
70.14
150.46
46.72
64.93
79.26
56.38
67.14
79.20
157.47
52.80
61.41
63.52
70.82
51.23
126.14
113.95
99.81
82.11
100.54
Nu (t)
9.37
13.46
8.70
8.44
9.41
10.63
18.02
11.93
10.52
10.35
21.16
9.36
11.76
10.76
18.58
35.62
10.19
10.04
13.16
9.40
11.67
13.77
40.74
11.56
36.77
80.45
12.00
9.06
23.83
22.99
12.46
12.68
21.42
Mu (m.t)
Case (2)
Design Loads (Ult.)
Case (1)
( Own Wt. of Column is included in N v )

Mv = Nv . (e)min = Nv . (0.05t)
Nu = 1.5 Nv
Mu = 1.5 Mv
Case (1) :
Nu = 0.8 (1.5 Nv + 1.6 NEQ)
Mu = 0.8 (1.5 Mv + 1.6 MEQ)
Case (2) :
50
50
40
40
50
50
60
45
50
50
60
50
50
50
63
80
50
50
50
50
50
50
80
50
50
50
70
70
50
50
60
30
t (cm)
b (cm)
COL.
(Working Loads)
(Vl. Load)
MODEL (T)
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Ecc.1
0.123
0.275
0.300
0.260
0.128
0.222
0.187
0.242
0.139
0.237
0.264
0.139
0.237
0.155
0.163
0.282
0.147
0.178
0.235
0.144
0.157
0.181
0.235
0.125
0.094
0.086
0.184
0.133
0.254
0.232
0.245
0.240
0.253
Nu1/(fcu.b.t)
0.004
0.009
0.010
0.009
0.004
0.007
0.006
0.008
0.005
0.008
0.009
0.005
0.008
0.005
0.005
0.009
0.005
0.006
0.008
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.008
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.006
0.004
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.008
Mu1/(fcu.b.t)
2.0
2.0
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
2.0
2.0
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
0.50 %
0.50 %
2.0
2.0
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
1(req.)
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
61.3
0.211
Small
Small
0.138
0.258
0.248
0.221
Small
Small
0.128
0.213
0.169
0.208
0.135
0.226
0.214
0.134
0.194
0.130
0.148
0.251
0.125
0.173
0.211
0.150
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
0.179
Small
Small
0.262
0.141
Small
Small
0.050
0.072
0.054
0.053
0.050
0.057
0.067
0.052
0.056
0.055
0.078
0.050
0.063
0.057
0.062
0.074
0.054
0.054
0.070
0.050
0.062
0.073
0.085
2.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
3.3
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
4.4
2.0
As =
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.2
3.2
( B I G ) Mus =
0.062
0.064
0.048
0.065
0.063
0.066
0.068
0.079
Mu2/(fcu.b.t)
As =
0.189
0.137
0.240
0.217
0.266
0.219
0.223
Nu2/(fcu.b.t)
( B I G ) Mus = 115.1
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Ecc.2
0.50 %
0.75 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.83 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.75 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
1.10 %
0.50 %
8.45 /side
18.7 /side
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.50 %
0.75 %
0.55 %
0.80 %
2(req.)
f cu =
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.10 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
1.00 %
(tot.)
( 5 FLOORS )
(Interaction Diagram) (fsy=3600 kg/cm,

=0.90) (Uniform Steel Distribution)
Design of Columns subjected to (Normal Force + Bending Moment) :
15.00
15.00
16.00
16.00
15.00
15.00
18.00
20.25
15.00
15.00
18.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
18.90
24.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
26.40
15.00
15.00
15.00
21.00
21.00
15.00
15.00
18.00
As (req.)
(cm)
250
Group
kg/cm
Page (41) of (58)

) (Extreme Combo ) (X, Y
.
) (X
) (Y .
# ) (M33 .
) (X ) (Y
) (X ) (Y )(M33
.
# ) (
)(
( .
) .
# ) (
)( .
#
) (. ) (-. :
: ) (
) (
) ( +. .
:
) ( ) ( -.
.
# .

). (Bent Bars
:
) (SAP
) (Load Patterns ) (

)(Fx, Fy
) (Diaphragms
) (User Loads
) (Auto Lateral Load Pattern
) (Modify Lateral Load Pattern

) (Specified Application Point
) (
% ) Z ( .
)Page (42) of (58

Reinforced Concrete Raft

) (Working
) (Ultimate .
:
.
) (Raft ) (
% .
) (N.F ) (B. M
.
: ) (
) ( .
: ) (Concentrated Moment
)
(Couple )( )( .
% )
( .
F1
F1
N
B
M
0.95L
M / 0.95L
F1
) (F1 :
F1 /4
F1
F1
F1 /2
F1 /4
F1
2L / 3
) - (
F1 /A
F1 /A
) - (
F1
) - (
)Page (43) of (58

) ( ) (
.
) (

) ( .
:
) (N. F
) (% - .
)N = [ Nv + NEQ ] x (1.10 1.15
.
) (NEQ )(

. ) (NEQ .

) (X-Dir Combo ) (Fx+Mzx ) (Fx-Mzx
) (Envelope .
:
(
( ) (Working ) ( .
( ) (Working .
:
( )( )(
. ) ( .
( )(SAP
" "
.
( . )(BxL
) (B+t)(L+t ) (t .
)Page (44) of (58
( ) (Mesh )(
)..( )( )
( . )..( .
( ) (Spring
) (Joint " "
) (Spring Stiffness :
)(t/m
Spring Stiffness (K) = Ks x A
( Ks ) : ). (Modulus of Subgrade Reaction

) ( A )( ). (Area served by Joint

) (Ks )/. (
) (Ks :
)Ks (t/m3) = (100 120) x Bearing capacity (t/m2

. ) (Internal Joint
) (Edge Joint ). (Corner Joint
For Bearing Capacity = 12 t/m2
1
Example :
), Shell element (0.50x0.50m

3
Ks 100 x 12 = 1200 t/m
for Spring (1) : K1 = 1200 x (0.50x0.50) = 300 t/m
K2 = 1200 x (0.50x0.25) = 150 t/m
for Spring (2) :
K3 = 1200 x (0.25x0.25) = 75 t/m
for Spring (3) :
)) (Joints
(SAP
) (Stiffness ) - -( .

). (SAP2000
)Page (45) of (58
) (AutoCAD
). (Polylines
) ( .

) (
.
) (Element ) (3DFace
) ( .
) (Array ) (X,Y

.
)) (SAP2000 (ver. 9
) (Frame ) (Layer ) (SAP_Frames ) (Shell )(Layer
) . (SAP_Shells ) (Frames ) (Shells
.
) (Offset
) (
) (Explode
) (SAP ) (Polylines .

). (SAP
). (DXF
Save Drawing As DXF-format
) (SAP .
File Import DXF
) (Z
) (Ton-m ). (Raft
) (
) (Raft .
Define Shell (Area) Section Modify / Show Section
Membrane thickness = Bending thickness = 1.25 m
)Page (46) of (58
) (Springs ) (Joints
:
Assign Joint Spring
) (Joint Springs
) - -( ) (Z ). (Translation 3
) (X, Y
) (Translation1, Translation 2 ) (% -
) (Z .
). (Load1
Define Static Load Cases / Load Patterns
). (Self Weight Multiplier
:
) (Net ) (Gross
.
: ): (Net Bearing Capacity
.
: ): (Gross Bearing Capacity
) ( .

) (
. (Floor Cover + Live Loads + Walls) :
) (Shell
) (
.
)For : N = 210 t , 15 Shell Elements , Mesh (0.50x0.50m
Example :
w = 210 / (15 x 0.5 x 0.5) = 56 t/m2

Assign Shell (Area) Static Load Uniform
) (Z .

) (Shell .
:
( ) (Offset
.
.
)Page (47) of (58
(
.
)(
.
). (Stable
)( ) (Restraints :
Assign Joint Restraints
Rotation about 3
Translation 1
Translation 2
: ) (X, Y ). (Z
: )) (X, Y (
)) (Z( .

) ( .
)Analyze Set Options Available DOFs (Degrees of Freedom
Ry
Uz
Ux
Rz
Rx
Uy
) (Plane Grid)(XY-Plane ) (DOFs

.
) ( )
+ ( ) (
). (Output Files
) (Run
.
M11
M22
)(Y
)(X
) ( .
( .
)
)Page (48) of (58
Page (49) of (58)
M11
'M top = 37 mt/m
'M bott. = 76 mt/m
M22
'M bott. = 73 mt/m
'M top = 42 mt/m

) / # ( ) = .. (
)Page (50) of (58
.
d = t - 7 cm = 118 cm
Ultimate
t = 125 cm ,
Working
)(fs = 2000 kg/cm2 , = 0.4
(Mu)max = Rmax (fcu/c) b d2
fc = 95 kg/cm2
, k2 1739
Mmax x 105
= 0.194 x (250/1.5) x 100 x (118)2

Mumax = 450 m. t
), c/d = 0.44 (OK
100
k1 0.214
118 = k1
Mmax = 304 m. t
c1 = 2.78
J = 0.716
148 cm2
450 x 105
0.716x118x3600
= As
148.15 cm
304 x 105
1739 x 118
= As
) / # ( :
x 450
m. t
30.41
148
92.5
= MRu
=
x 304
m. t
30.41
148.15
62.4
= MRw
=
)/#(
) ( )(MR
) / # ( .
:
) ( ) (Shearwall

) (Core
.
) (

) (Shrinkage Bars
. ) (Shrinkage Grid
) / # ( .

) . ( % -
Max. Actual Stress = Max. Spring Force / Area Served by Spring
)Page (51) of (58

Design Aids and Tables
Appendix
(c1 - J) Table of Design :
c/d
0.125
0.130
0.135
0.140
0.145
0.150
0.155
0.160
0.165
0.170
0.175
0.180
0.185
0.190
0.195
0.200
0.205
0.210
0.215
0.220
0.225
0.230
0.235
0.240
0.245
0.250
0.255
0.260
0.265
0.270
0.275
0.280
c1
4.855
4.765
4.681
4.602
4.527
4.455
4.387
4.323
4.262
4.203
4.147
4.093
4.042
3.993
3.945
3.900
3.856
3.814
3.774
3.735
3.697
3.661
3.626
3.592
3.559
3.527
3.496
3.466
3.437
3.409
3.382
3.355
[ Limit State Design Method ]
c/d
0.826
0.285
0.824
0.290
0.823
0.295
0.821
0.300
0.819
0.305
0.817
0.310
0.816
0.315
0.814
0.320
0.812
0.325
0.810
0.330
0.809
0.335
0.807
0.340
0.805
0.345
0.803
0.350
0.802
0.355
0.800
0.360
0.798
0.365
0.797
0.370
0.795
0.375
0.793
0.380
0.791
0.385
0.790
0.390
0.788
0.395
0.786
0.400
0.784
0.405
0.783
0.410
0.781
0.415
0.779
0.420
0.777
0.425
0.776
0.430
0.774
0.435
0.772
0.440
c1
3.329
3.304
3.280
3.256
3.233
3.210
3.188
3.167
3.146
3.126
3.106
3.087
3.068
3.049
3.031
3.014
2.996
2.980
2.963
2.947
2.931
2.916
2.901
2.886
2.872
2.858
2.844
2.830
2.817
2.804
2.791
2.778
J
0.770
0.769
0.767
0.765
0.763
0.762
0.760
0.758
0.757
0.755
0.753
0.751
0.750
0.748
0.746
0.744
0.743
0.741
0.739
0.737
0.736
0.734
0.732
0.730
0.729
0.727
0.725
0.723
0.722
0.720
0.718
0.717
Page (52) of (58)
(k1 - k2) Table of Design :
[ Working Stress Design Method ]
fs = 1800 kg/cm
= 0.2
= 0.0
= 0.4
fs = 2000 kg/cm
= 0.2
= 0.0
= 0.4
k1
fc
k2
k1
fc
k2
k1
fc
k2
k1
fc
k2
k1
fc
k2
k1
fc
k2
0.467
40.0
1650
0.458
40.0
1649
0.448
40.0
1648
0.484
40.0
1846
0.476
40.0
1844
0.468
40.0
1843
0.465
40.2
1649
0.455
40.3
1648
0.445
40.3
1647
0.480
40.4
1845
0.475
40.1
1844
0.465
40.3
1842
0.460
40.7
1648
0.450
40.8
1647
0.440
40.8
1645
0.475
40.9
1843
0.470
40.6
1843
0.460
40.8
1841
0.455
41.3
1646
0.445
41.3
1645
0.435
41.4
1644
0.470
41.5
1842
0.465
41.1
1841
0.455
41.3
1839
0.450
41.8
1645
0.440
41.9
1644
0.430
41.9
1643
0.465
42.0
1840
0.460
41.6
1840
0.450
41.8
1838
0.445
42.4
1643
0.435
42.4
1642
0.425
42.4
1641
0.460
42.5
1839
0.455
42.1
1838
0.445
42.3
1837
0.440
43.0
1642
0.430
43.0
1641
0.420
43.0
1640
0.455
43.1
1837
0.450
42.7
1837
0.440
42.8
1835
0.435
43.6
1640
0.425
43.6
1639
0.415
43.6
1638
0.450
43.6
1836
0.445
43.2
1835
0.435
43.4
1834
0.430
44.2
1639
0.420
44.2
1638
0.410
44.1
1637
0.445
44.2
1834
0.440
43.8
1834
0.430
43.9
1832
0.425
44.8
1637
0.415
44.8
1636
0.405
44.8
1635
0.440
44.8
1832
0.435
44.4
1832
0.425
44.5
1831
0.420
45.4
1635
0.410
45.4
1635
0.400
45.4
1634
0.435
45.4
1831
0.430
45.0
1831
0.420
45.1
1829
0.415
46.1
1633
0.405
46.1
1633
0.395
46.0
1632
0.430
46.1
1829
0.425
45.6
1829
0.415
45.7
1827
0.410
46.8
1632
0.400
46.7
1631
0.390
46.7
1631
0.425
46.7
1827
0.420
46.2
1827
0.410
46.3
1826
0.405
47.5
1630
0.395
47.4
1630
0.385
47.3
1629
0.420
47.4
1825
0.415
46.8
1826
0.405
46.9
1824
0.400
48.2
1628
0.390
48.1
1628
0.380
48.0
1628
0.415
48.1
1823
0.410
47.5
1824
0.400
47.6
1823
0.395
49.0
1626
0.385
48.9
1626
0.375
48.7
1626
0.410
48.8
1821
0.405
48.2
1822
0.395
48.2
1821
0.390
49.7
1624
0.380
49.6
1624
0.370
49.5
1624
0.405
49.5
1820
0.400
48.9
1820
0.390
48.9
1819
0.385
50.5
1622
0.375
50.4
1622
0.365
50.2
1623
0.400
50.3
1818
0.395
49.6
1818
0.385
49.6
1817
0.380
51.3
1620
0.370
51.2
1621
0.360
51.0
1621
0.395
51.0
1815
0.390
50.3
1817
0.380
50.3
1816
0.375
52.2
1618
0.365
52.0
1619
0.355
51.8
1619
0.390
51.8
1813
0.385
51.1
1815
0.375
51.1
1814
0.370
53.1
1616
0.360
52.9
1617
0.350
52.6
1617
0.385
52.6
1811
0.380
51.9
1813
0.370
51.8
1812
0.365
54.0
1614
0.355
53.7
1615
0.345
53.4
1616
0.380
53.5
1809
0.375
52.7
1811
0.365
52.6
1810
0.360
54.9
1612
0.350
54.6
1613
0.340
54.3
1614
0.375
54.4
1807
0.370
53.5
1809
0.360
53.4
1808
0.355
55.9
1609
0.345
55.6
1611
0.335
55.2
1612
0.370
55.3
1805
0.365
54.3
1807
0.355
54.3
1806
0.350
56.9
1607
0.340
56.5
1609
0.330
56.1
1610
0.365
56.2
1802
0.360
55.2
1805
0.350
55.1
1804
0.345
57.9
1605
0.335
57.5
1607
0.325
57.1
1608
0.360
57.2
1800
0.355
56.1
1802
0.345
56.0
1802
0.340
59.0
1602
0.330
58.6
1604
0.320
58.1
1606
0.355
58.1
1798
0.350
57.1
1800
0.340
56.9
1800
0.335
60.1
1600
0.325
59.6
1602
0.315
59.1
1604
0.350
59.2
1795
0.345
58.0
1798
0.335
57.9
1798
0.330
61.2
1597
0.320
60.7
1600
0.310
60.2
1602
0.345
60.2
1793
0.340
59.0
1796
0.330
58.8
1796
0.325
62.4
1595
0.315
61.9
1598
0.305
61.3
1600
0.340
61.3
1790
0.335
60.1
1793
0.325
59.8
1794
0.320
63.7
1592
0.310
63.1
1595
0.300
62.4
1598
0.335
62.5
1787
0.330
61.1
1791
0.320
60.9
1792
0.315
65.0
1589
0.305
64.3
1593
0.295
63.6
1596
0.330
63.7
1785
0.325
62.3
1789
0.315
62.0
1790
0.310
66.3
1586
0.300
65.6
1590
0.290
64.8
1594
0.325
64.9
1782
0.320
63.4
1786
0.310
63.1
1788
0.305
67.7
1584
0.295
66.9
1588
0.285
66.0
1592
0.320
66.2
1779
0.315
64.6
1784
0.305
64.2
1786
0.300
69.2
1581
0.290
68.3
1585
0.280
67.3
1590
0.315
67.5
1776
0.310
65.8
1781
0.300
65.4
1783
0.295
70.7
1578
0.285
69.7
1583
0.275
68.7
1588
0.310
68.9
1773
0.305
67.1
1778
0.295
66.6
1781
0.290
72.3
1574
0.280
71.2
1580
0.270
70.1
1586
0.305
70.3
1770
0.300
68.4
1776
0.290
67.9
1779
0.285
74.0
1571
0.275
72.8
1578
0.265
71.5
1584
0.300
71.8
1767
0.295
69.8
1773
0.285
69.2
1776
0.280
75.7
1568
0.270
74.4
1575
0.260
73.1
1581
0.295
73.4
1763
0.290
71.3
1770
0.280
70.6
1774
0.275
77.5
1565
0.265
76.1
1572
0.255
74.6
1579
0.290
75.0
1760
0.285
72.8
1767
0.275
72.0
1771
0.270
79.4
1561
0.260
77.9
1569
0.250
76.3
1577
0.285
76.7
1756
0.280
74.3
1765
0.270
73.5
1769
0.265
81.4
1557
0.255
79.7
1566
0.245
78.0
1575
0.280
78.5
1753
0.275
75.9
1762
0.265
75.0
1766
0.260
83.5
1554
0.250
81.7
1563
0.240
79.7
1572
0.275
80.4
1749
0.270
77.6
1759
0.260
76.6
1764
0.255
85.7
1550
0.245
83.7
1561
0.235
81.6
1570
0.270
82.3
1745
0.265
79.4
1755
0.255
78.3
1761
0.250
88.0
1546
0.240
85.8
1557
0.230
83.5
1568
0.265
84.4
1742
0.260
81.2
1752
0.250
80.0
1759
0.245
90.5
1542
0.235
88.0
1554
0.225
85.5
1565
0.260
86.5
1738
0.255
83.1
1749
0.245
81.8
1756
0.240
93.0
1538
0.230
90.3
1551
0.220
87.6
1563
0.255
88.8
1734
0.250
85.1
1746
0.240
83.6
1754
0.235
95.8
1534
0.225
92.8
1548
0.215
89.8
1561
0.250
91.1
1729
0.245
87.2
1743
0.235
85.6
1751
0.230
98.6
1529
0.220
95.4
1545
0.210
92.1
1558
0.245
93.6
1725
0.240
89.4
1739
0.230
87.6
1748
0.225
101.7
1525
0.215
98.1
1542
0.205
94.5
1556
0.240
96.3
1720
0.235
91.7
1736
0.225
89.7
1746
0.220
104.9
1520
0.210
100.9
1538
0.200
97.0
1554
0.235
99.0
1716
0.230
94.2
1732
0.220
92.0
1743
0.215
108.3
1515
0.205
103.9
1535
0.195
99.7
1552
0.230
102.0
1711
0.225
96.7
1729
0.215
94.3
1740
0.210
112.0
1510
0.200
107.1
1532
0.190
102.4
1549
0.225
105.1
1706
0.220
99.4
1725
0.210
96.7
1737
0.205
115.9
1505
0.195
110.4
1528
0.185
105.3
1547
0.220
108.4
1701
0.215
102.2
1721
0.205
99.3
1735
0.200
120.0
1500
0.190
114.0
1525
0.180
108.4
1545
0.215
111.9
1696
0.210
105.2
1718
0.200
101.9
1732
0.185
117.7
1521
0.175
111.5
1543
0.210
115.6
1690
0.205
108.3
1714
0.195
104.7
1729
0.182
120.0
1519
0.170
114.9
1541
0.205
119.5
1685
0.200
111.6
1710
0.190
107.6
1727
0.165
118.4
1539
0.204
120.0
1684
0.195
115.1
1706
0.185
110.7
1724
0.163
120.0
1538
0.190
118.8
1702
0.180
114.0
1721
0.188
120.0
1701
0.175
117.4
1719
0.171
120.0
1717
Page (53) of (58)
Page (54) of (58)
0.400
0.410
0.420
0.430
0.440
0.450
0.460
0.470
0.480
0.490
0.500
0.510
0.520
0.530
0.540
0.550
0.560
0.570
0.580
0.590
0.600
1.10
1.12
1.14
1.16
1.18
1.20
1.22
1.24
1.26
1.28
1.30
1.32
1.34
1.36
1.38
1.40
1.42
1.44
1.46
1.48
1.50
0.164
0.160
0.156
0.195
0.189
0.184
0.179
0.174
0.169
0.235
0.228
0.220
0.214
0.207
0.201
0.289
0.279
0.269
0.260
0.251
0.243
0.350
0.336
0.324
0.311
0.300
0.820
0.828
0.835
0.763
0.774
0.784
0.793
0.803
0.811
0.689
0.703
0.716
0.729
0.741
0.752
0.594
0.611
0.628
0.644
0.660
0.675
0.500
0.520
0.539
0.558
0.576
0.350
0.360
0.370
0.380
0.390
1.00
1.02
1.04
1.06
1.08
0.180
0.172
0.165
0.237
0.226
0.216
0.207
0.197
0.189
0.311
0.297
0.284
0.271
0.259
0.248
0.406
0.389
0.372
0.356
0.340
0.325
0.500
0.480
0.461
0.442
0.424
Grashoff
Egyptian
Code
0.687
0.696
0.705
0.625
0.636
0.647
0.657
0.668
0.677
0.554
0.567
0.579
0.591
0.603
0.614
0.473
0.487
0.501
0.515
0.528
0.541
0.399
0.414
0.429
0.444
0.459
0.154
0.148
0.142
0.197
0.189
0.181
0.174
0.167
0.161
0.252
0.242
0.232
0.223
0.214
0.205
0.321
0.309
0.296
0.284
0.273
0.262
0.394
0.378
0.363
0.349
0.335
Marcus
0.844
0.848
0.852
0.814
0.820
0.825
0.830
0.835
0.839
0.776
0.783
0.790
0.797
0.803
0.809
0.725
0.734
0.744
0.752
0.761
0.769
0.667
0.680
0.692
0.703
0.714
B.M.
0.658
0.662
0.667
0.627
0.632
0.638
0.643
0.648
0.653
0.590
0.597
0.603
0.609
0.615
0.621
0.545
0.554
0.561
0.569
0.576
0.583
0.500
0.510
0.519
0.528
0.537
S. F.
Load of
BEAMS
Coefficients of load Distribution in TWO-WAY Slabs
1.98
2.00
1.86
1.88
1.90
1.92
1.94
1.96
1.74
1.76
1.78
1.80
1.82
1.84
1.62
1.64
1.66
1.68
1.70
1.72
1.52
1.54
1.56
1.58
1.60
0.840
0.850
0.780
0.790
0.800
0.810
0.820
0.830
0.720
0.730
0.740
0.750
0.760
0.770
0.660
0.670
0.680
0.690
0.700
0.710
0.610
0.620
0.630
0.640
0.650
0.089
0.088
0.101
0.099
0.097
0.095
0.093
0.091
0.116
0.113
0.110
0.108
0.106
0.103
0.133
0.130
0.127
0.124
0.121
0.118
0.151
0.148
0.144
0.140
0.137
Egyptian
Code
0.939
0.941
0.923
0.926
0.929
0.931
0.934
0.937
0.902
0.906
0.909
0.913
0.916
0.920
0.873
0.879
0.884
0.888
0.893
0.897
0.842
0.849
0.856
0.862
0.868
0.061
0.059
0.077
0.074
0.071
0.069
0.066
0.063
0.098
0.094
0.091
0.087
0.084
0.080
0.127
0.121
0.116
0.112
0.107
0.103
0.158
0.151
0.144
0.138
0.132
Grashoff
0.843
0.845
0.823
0.827
0.830
0.834
0.837
0.840
0.793
0.799
0.804
0.809
0.814
0.819
0.754
0.761
0.768
0.775
0.781
0.787
0.714
0.723
0.731
0.739
0.747
0.053
0.051
0.068
0.065
0.063
0.060
0.058
0.056
0.087
0.084
0.080
0.077
0.074
0.071
0.111
0.107
0.102
0.098
0.094
0.091
0.136
0.131
0.126
0.121
0.116
Marcus
0.915
0.917
0.904
0.906
0.908
0.910
0.911
0.913
0.890
0.892
0.895
0.897
0.899
0.902
0.873
0.876
0.879
0.882
0.885
0.887
0.856
0.859
0.863
0.866
0.870
B.M.
0.747
0.750
0.731
0.734
0.737
0.740
0.742
0.745
0.713
0.716
0.719
0.722
0.725
0.728
0.691
0.695
0.699
0.702
0.706
0.709
0.671
0.675
0.679
0.684
0.688
S. F.
Load of
BEAMS
FIXED
END
MOMENTS
A
SHAPE
B
(F.E.M)
A-B
( F . E . M ) B-A
w L / 12
w L / 12
5 w L / 96
5 w L / 96
w
2
w L / 20
w L / 124
w L / 30
w
w L / 904
L/4
P
2
Pab /L
Pba /L
PL/8
PL/8
2PL/9
2PL/9
M.k [ 4 3k (1/k)]
, k = a/L
M.k [ 3k 2 ]
M
a
Mcant.
NOTE :
MA = ( F . E . M ) A-B + 0.5 ( F . E . M ) B-A 0.5 Mcant.
Page (55) of (58)
CIRCULAR BEAMS
Coeff. of Max. Moment (x 1/10000)
Qmax
M (+)
M (-)
M (t)
P/3
P/6
332.95
629.30
131.73
25
48'
P/4
P/8
176.22
341.55
52.72
19
12'
P/5
P / 10
109.75
215.17
26.37
15
19'
P/6
P / 12
75.12
148.17
15.07
12
44'
P/7
P / 14
54.71
108.32
9.42
10
55'
P/8
P / 16
41.65
82.67
6.28
09
32'
P/9
P / 18
32.79
65.17
4.40
08
29'
10
P / 10
P / 20
26.48
52.71
3.20
07
38'
11
P / 11
P / 22
21.84
43.51
2.40
06
56'
12
P / 12
P / 24
18.33
36.53
1.84
06
21'
n = Nr. of Supports
R = Reaction on Support = P / n
( ton )
P = (2r)q
( ton )
= Radius of Beam
(m)
q = Uniformly Distributed Load on Beam
o -
( t / m` )
= /n
= Angle from mid-span to the section
= Angle from support to the section of max. Mt
Qmax = Maximum Shearing Force = R / 2 = P / 2 n
( ton )
Max. ( +ve ) B.M.
= coeff.
( P. r )
[ at mid-span ]
Max. ( -ve ) B.M.
= coeff.
( P. r )
[ over support ]
Max. Torsional Moment = coeff.
( P. r )
[ at
o - ]
NOTES :
1 - In any span , there are TWO sections with max. Mt
2 - At any ( ) :
q r
[ ( cos / n sin o ) - 1 ]
Mt = - q r [ ( sin / n sin o ) - ]
Q
V q (t/m')
= -qr
H
(t/m`)
3 - Ring Force = H . r
4 - If nr. of supports > 12 :
M (-) = q L / 12
M (+) = q L / 24
Neglect Torsion
Page (56) of (58)
( Excel)
For Design of Beams :

[ 1 ] WORKING :
T & L - sections :
fc ( 2/3 ) ( fc )all.
z = kz M / B
if z ts
calculate
if z > ts
b = Br = r . B
b=B
fs
( kz ) av
1200
0.140
1400
0.130
1600
0.122
1800
0.115
2000
0.112
r = 1 [( 1 b/B ) . ( 1 ts/z )2]

( r 1)
and design as in R - section
[ 2 ] ULTIMATE :
(c1 & J) Chart
c / d = 5.6 / [ c12 + c1 c12 4.5 ]
get J = ( 1/2.3) [ 1 + 1 ( 4.5 / c12 ) ] = ( 1 / s ) [ 1 0.4 ( c/d ) ]

Note :
c/d = 2.8 / ( c12 . J . s )
Coefficients for Two-Way Solid Slabs according to (Marcus) :
= (-0.3350) r2 + (1.4514) r - 0.7179

= (3.0375) . (0.1298) r
Page (57) of (58)
C e n t r o i d & I n e r t i a
o f T s e c t i o n
B
----
ts
Y
=
b/B =
ts / t
x ---------------- x
--------
Y=
Ix =
WHERE :
.t
.Bt3
= 0.5 ( 2 + - 2 ) / ( + - )
(1 - )/( + - )
= 3/12 + (1 - )3/12 + 0.25
NOTE :
3
IX = B ts / 12 + b ( t - ts ) / 12 + Af Aw t
/ 4 ( Af + Aw )
Af = B t s
= Area of Flange
Aw = b ( t - ts ) = Area of Web
Equations for (Working Stress Design Method) / (k1-k2) Table
from Eqn. : d = k1 (M/b)

fc = c1 (k1)
fs = 1 6 0 0
c2
kg/cm
0.5
- - - - - get (k1)
, k2 = c3 (k1) c4
fs = 1 8 0 0
kg/cm
fs = 2 0 0 0
kg/cm
= 0.0
= 0.2
= 0.4
= 0.0
= 0.2
= 0.4
= 0.0
= 0.2
= 0.4
c1
14.0442
14.8575
15.8414
15.0745
15.7633
16.5694
16.0264
16.6309
17.3117
c2
-1.2953
-1.1960
-1.0930
-1.2701
-1.1862
-1.1001
-1.2497
-1.1771
-1.1033
c3 1597.2377 1569.0417 1542.2453

c4
0.1135
0.0914
0.0711
1794.2216 1770.4871 1747.5058

0.1065
0.0895
0.0737
1991.2833 1970.6322 1950.9544

0.1005
0.0870
0.0745
Page (58) of (58)

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) (

fsy = 3600 kg/cm

Flooring Cover = 150 kg/m

( TWO sides , 2 cm each )

(Basement + Ground +11 Typical Floors)

Height of Basement Floor = 3.50 m

# Moderate (Medium) Density of Soil

(for Slabs < 18 cm)

(for Beams & Slabs 18 cm)

Page (2) of (58)

)= 0.12 x 1400 + 0.02 (2000) . (2

)= 0.25 x 1400 + 0.02 (2000) . (2

For Beams with t = 70 cm , Floor Height = 3.00m :

' 0.60 t/m

)= 0.25 (3.00 - 0.70

)= 0.43 (3.00 - 0.70

For Terrace (Cantilever Slab) :

= 0.12 x 0.70 x 2.5

' 0.60 t/m

)= 0.25 (3.00 - 0.70

)Page (3) of (58

w (edge) = 0.21 + 0.60

Loads on Supporting Beams

Coefficient for Shear

Coefficient for Moment

)Coefficient for Shear = 1 - 1 / (2 r

Load for Shear = Ca . (Ls / 2) . ws

Load for Moment = Ce . (Ls / 2) . ws

)Page (6) of (58

Stage (1) : Uncracked Section :

Mcr = f (ctr) . I (g) / Yt

100 Z/2 + n . As' . (Z - 2) = n . As . (d - Z)

I (cr) = 100 Z3/3 + n . As' . (Z - 2)2 + n . As . (d - Z)2

(Ma = Applied Moment)

[ Note : Icr < Ie < Ig ]

(act.) = (w L4/8 + P L3/3) / EI

w2 = (ts + 0.07) . RC + F. C. + L. L. Cos

)(Top & Bottom

max. M (+) = - -max. M (-) = - - -

M (Design) = M (-ve) + M (-) EQ

)' (As) = As (req.) - (7 # 12 / m

Use Additional Top Rft.

)Page (9) of (58

)Page (10) of (58

)Page (11) of (58

(D. F) 23 = 1 - (D.F) 21 = 0.455

)Solving for Shearing Force : (use load for shear

) M2 = 3.32 + (7.56 - 3.32) (0.545

)Page (12) of (58

Solving for Bending Moment : (use load for moment)

M2 = 3.92 + (8.21 - 3.92) (0.545)

M2 = 8.21 - (8.21 - 3.92) (0.455)

Beam Section (12 x 70)

(fs = 2000 kg/cm2 , = 0.2)

Mu = 1.5 x 6.26 = 9.39 mt

)Page (14) of (58

Poisson's Ratio = 1/6 1/5

Depth (t3) : 0.70 m

Modification Factors / Set Modifiers :

# Moment of Inertia about 2 axis = 0.0001

# Moment of Inertia about 3 axis = 0.0001

)Page (18) of (58

Define Static Load Cases / Load Patterns