Science 2nd Semester Mid Sem

EX.1 M.C.Q
L-1 1 Which gas is obtained when potassium permanganate is heated ?
A Carbon dioxide B Oxygen C Hydrogen D Nitrogen
2 Which of the following gases is a supporter of combustion ?
A Hydrogen B Nitrogen C Carbon dioxide D Oxygen
3 Which gas turns decanted limewater milky ?
A Oxygen B Carbon dioxide C Nitrogen D Hydrogen
4 Which gas is liberated when hydrochloric acid and marble stone react ?
A Oxygen B Carbon dioxide C Nitrogen D Hydrogen
5 What is the chemical name of washing soda ?
A Sodium bicarbonate B Calcium carbonate C Sodium carbonate D Calcium hydroxide
6 What is chemical formula of baking soda ?
A NaOH B Na2CO3 C NaHCO3 D NaCl
7 Which gas is used in the production of cold drinks like soda water ?
A Oxygen B Nitrogen C Hydrogen D Carbon dioxide
8 Which is the lightest gas ?
A Oxygen B Nitrogen C Hydrogen D Carbon dioxide
9 Which of the following gases is combustible ?
A Oxygen B Carbon dioxide C Nitrogen D Hydrogen
10 Which gas is produced when a reaction between sodium peroxide and water takes place ?
A Oxygen B Carbon dioxide C Nitrogen D Hydrogen
L-2 1 What is the fundamental component of an element ?
A Molecule B Atom C Ion D Compound
2 Which particle is not in the nucleus ?
A Proton B Neutron C Electron D None amongst the given

3 Which particle doesnot possess any charge ?

A Proton B Nuetron C Electron D None amongst the given
4 Which particle is moving around the nucleus ?
A Proton B Nuetron C Electron D None amongst the given
5 What is the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in the first energy level of an atom ?
A2B4C6D8
6 How many maximum number of electrons can be accommodated in the third energy level?
A 2 B 8 C 18 D 36
7 What is the electronic configuration of sodium ?
A (2, 8) B (2, 8, 1) C (2, 8, 2) D (2, 8, 7)
8 What is the electronic configuration of chlorine ?
A (2, 8) B (2, 8, 1) C (2, 8, 7) D (2, 8, 2)
9 What is the valency of magnesium ?
A +1 B +2 C +3 +4
10 What is the valency of aluminium ?
A +1 B +3 C +2 D +4
11 Which of the following elements have only one ele2tron in its outermost orbit ?
A Sodium B Magnesium C Oxygen D Chlorine
12 How many electrons are present in the outermost orbit of chlorine ?
A1B3C5D7
13 The atomic number of Silicon is 14. What is its electronic configuration ?
A (2, 8) B (2, 8, 4) C (2, 8, 3) D (2, 8, 7)
L-3 1. Which of the following elements is a metal ?
A. Carbon B. Sulphur C. Phosphorous D. Calcium
2. Which metal exists in molten state at room temperature ?
A. Sodium B. Magnesium C. Mercury D. Aluminium
3. Which metal can be easily cut by knife ?
A. Iron B. Copper C. Magnesium D. Sodium
4. Which of the following elements possesses the property allotrophy ?
A. Potassium B. Phosphorous C. Iron D. Magnesium

5. The reaction of magnesium with which of the following results in the release of hydrogen ?
A. Chlorine B. Oxygen C. Hydrochloric acid D. Sodium hydride
6. How many atoms are present in one molecule of phosphorus ?
A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
7. Which allotrope of phosphorus is used in the making medicine for killing rat ? (rodenticide) ?
A. Aluminium phosphide B. Phosphorus pentachloride C. Zinc phosphide D. Phosphorus pentoxide
8. What are the constituents of bronze ?
A. Copper and zinc B. Copper and tin C. Copper and nickel D. Copper and lead
9. How many atoms are present in one molecule of carbon dioxide ?
A. two B. Three C. Four D. Five
10 What is the molecular formula of ammonia ?
A. Pcl5 B. NH3 C. N2O5 D. alcl3
EX.2 ANSWER IN ONE SENTENCE
L-1 1.By what other name is oxygen gas known as?
A.1 Oxygen gas is known as vital gas.
2.Cylinders of which gas are carried by mountaineers?
A.2 Cylinder of oxygen gas is carried by mountaineers.
3.What is the molecular formula of carbon dioxide gas?
A.3 The molecular formula of carbon dioxide gas is co2.
4.What happens when a burning candle is inserted in a gas jar filled with carbon dioxide gas?
A.4 When a burning candle is inserted in a gas jar filled with carbon dioxide gas the burning candle
extinguishes.
5.What is another name of carbon dioxide gas?
A.5 The another name of carbon dioxide gas is fire gas.
6.What is the solid form of carbon dioxide called?
A.6 The solid form of carbon dioxide is called dry ice.
7.What is the chemical formula of baking soda?
A.7 The chemical formula of baking soda is sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3.
8. Which gas burns with an explosion?
A.8 Hydrogen gas burns with an explosion.
9.Which gas is filled in balloons used for atmosphereic study?
A9.Hydogen gas is filled in balloons used for atmosphereic study.

10.Which gas is produced when a mixture of ammonium chloride and sodium nitrite is heated?
A.10 Nitrogen gas is produced when a mixture of ammonium chloride and sodium nitrite is heated.
L-2 1.What is the basic unit of a compound?
A.1 The basic unit of a compound is molecule.
2. What is the type of electric charge on a proton?
A.2 The type of electric charge on a proton is positive.
3. Which particle in an atom carries negative charge?
A.3 Electron in an atom carries negative charge.
4. What is the atomic number of magnesium?
A.4 The atomic number of magnesium is 12.
5. The atomic number of aluminium is 13. What is its electric configuration?
A.5 Aluminiums electric configuration is (2,8,3).
6. The atomic number of sulphur is 16. What is its electric configuration?
A.6 Electric configuration of sulphur is (2,8,6).
7. What is the electric configuration of positive sodium of ion (Na+)?
A.7 The electric configuration of positive sodium of ion (Na+) is (2,8).
8. What is the chemical formula of common salt?
A.8 The chemical formula of common salt is NaCl.
9. What is circular central portion of an atom called?
A.9 Circular central portion of an atom called is Nucleus.
10. How many electrons are present in the outermost energy level (orbit) of an oxygen atom?
A.10 The outermost energy level (orbit) of an oxygen atom is 6 electrons.
L-3 1. Write the name of two crystalline allotropes of carbon .
A. Two crystalline allotropes of carbon are Graphite and Diamond
2. Which elements have a strong tendency of forming positive ions ?
A. The elements that has 1, 2, or 3 electrons in the outermost energy level have a strong tendency of forming
positive ions.

3. What is formed when sodium reacts with hydrogen gas ?

A. Sodium reacts with hydrogen gas to form sodium hydride.
4. Which gas is produced when aluminium reacts with hydrochloric acid ?
A. When aluminium reacts with hydrochloric acid hydrogen gas is produced.
5. Which compound of phosphorous is used for preserving grains ?
A. Aluminium Phosphide is used for preserving grains.
6. Write the uses of Phosphorous.
A. Red phosphorous is used to prepare match sticks , crackers , explosives and even insecticides . Compound of
such as zinc phosphide to prepare and kill rats.
7. What are the constitutions of stainless steel ?
A. The constitutions of stainless steel are chromium , nickel ,Iron.
8. What is the full name of NaCl ?
A. The full name of NaCl is Sodium Chloride.
9. What is ionization ?
A. The process of losing electron by an atom of a metal or gaining electron by an atom of a nonmetal is
ionization.
10. In what is the purity of gold measured ?
A. The purity of gold is measured in carats.
EX.3 ANSWER IN DETAIL
L-1 Q1 Write the physical properties of oxygen gas.
Ans. The physical properties of oxygen gas are as follows :Oxygen is colourless , odourless and tasteless.
It is sparingly soluble in water.
It helps in combustion.
Q2 Write two uses oxygen gas?
Ans. Uses of oxygen gas:
1. It is used for respiration

2. Dissolved oxygen is used by aquatic plants and animals.

3. Hand pumps preparing oxygen is used by the patients suffering from pneumonia and lung diseases to get
instant relief.
4. Oxygen is used to prepare flames having high temperature like oxyhydrogen flame (28000C) and
oxyacetylene flame (3100oc-33000c) which is used to cut or join metals together
5. It is very necessary in the production of chlorine, nitric acid and sulphuric acid.
Q3 Write two physical properties of carbon dioxide gas.
Ans. Two physical properties of carbon dioxide gas are
1 It is colourless, odourless, tasteless.
2 It is sparingly soluble in water.
3 It is heavier than other gases.
Q4 write the chemical properties of carbon dioxide.
Ans. The chemical properties of carbon dioxide are as follows :When carbon dioxide reacts with calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and water are formed. Ca(OH)2 + Co2
CaCo3 + H2O
When carbon dioxide reacts with calcium carbonate and water, calcium bicarbonate is formed. CaCo3 + H2O +
CO2 Ca(HCO3)2
When carbon dioxide is heated with water at high pressure , carbonic acid is produced. CO2 + H2O H2CO3 .
Q5 Write two chemical properties of carbon dioxide gas.
Ans. uses of carbon dioxide gas:
1. It is used by the vegetation
2. It is used for extinguishing fire.
3. It is used in bringing fermentation for idli, dhosa, etc.
4. It is used for the preparation of cold drinks like soda water.
5. solid carbon dioxide is known as dry ice. It is used as a cooling agent
6. It is used for the preparation of washing soda (sodium carbonate)
7. It is used for the preparation of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) useful in cooking.
Q6 Write two physical properties of hydrogen gas?

Ans. The physical properties of hydrogen are :It is colourless , odourless and tasteless
It is lighter than other gases.
It is inflammable (combustible)
Q7 Give two uses of hydrogen gas?
Ans. 1. Hydrogen gas is used as fuel and also it is used to obtain electricity.
2. it is lighter then air, hence this gas is used in the balloons which are used for the study of the atmosphere
above air level.
Q8 Give two uses of nitrogen nitrogen?
Ans. 1. It is used to prepare chemicals like ammonia, nitric acid, calcium cyanamide, urea, etc.
2. It is used to prepare inert atmosphere example on the inflammable liquids, instead of air, nitrogen gas should
be filled so that there is less possibility of fire.
3. It decreases the reactivity of oxygen in air.
4. In films, dramas to show unnatural smoke or clouds, nitrogen gas is used.
5. The roots of the plants like peas make use of the nitrogen from the air and produce food containing plenty of
protein.
6. It is filled in the tubes of the tyres of some of the vehicles.
L-2 Q1 Explain structure of an atom in short.
Ans. Atom is the fundamental component of an element, It is very minute. The circular central portion of an
atom is known as nucleus. It is also known as the centre of atom. There are two types of particles namely
neutron and proton in the centre of an atom which is called nucleus. The particles known as electron move
around the nucleus in the definite circular path.
Q2. What is meant by atomic number? Explain it with example.
Ans. The number of proton (p) or electrons (e) in an atom is called the atomic number
Atomic number of helium (He) is 2. therefore it will have 2 protons and 2 electrons.
Atomic number of Carbon (C) is 6. Therefore it will have 6 protons and 6 electrons.
Q3 Explain the transformation of sodium atom in positive ion of sodium ?
Ans. The atomic number of sodium is 11, therefore electron configuration is

(z) of an atom. Eg.

(2, 8, 1) . Its outermost energy level has only one electron to complete the energy level. It hs a tendency to lose
1 electron . Due to the loss of an electron with the regards the nuclear charge, it does not remain neutral but it
becomes positively charged. Therefore it is called
positive ion of sodium.
Na

gives

Na+

(2, 8, 1)

(2, 8)

Sodium

Sodium positive

e-

1 free
electron

L-3
Q1 Write four physical properties of metals.
Ans Physical properties of metals are as follows :1 They have a shiny and bright surface with a metallic luster.
2 They can be hammered into a thin strip (malleability).
3 Metals can be drawn into thin wires.
4 On striking , it produces ringing sound.
5 They are good conductors of heat and electricity.
6 Melting points are very high.
7 Metals are usually solids, Exception mercury is the only metal found in liquid forms
8 Generally metals are heavy, yet sodium, potassium, magnesium and aluminium are light metals.
2 Explain the reaction of metals with oxygen with the help of an example.
Ans When metals react with oxygen metal oxides are formed
2Mg

+ O2 gives 2MgO

Q3 Explain the reaction of metals with acids with the help of an example
Ans Most of the metals react with acids . During the reaction , Hydrogen from acid is liberated as gas. If a
magnesium strip is dipped in acid , some bubbles come out it is hydrogen gas
Mg

+ 2HCl gives

MgCl2

+ H2

Q4 Write the uses of metals.

Ans. The uses of different metals are as follows:1] Iron In vehicles, bridges, pipes, nails, etc.
2] Copper In wires, vessels, etc.

3] Gold In gold ornaments, idols and medals.

4] Silver In ornaments, currency coins and notes, vessels, etc.
5] Aluminium In wires, vessels, coins, etc.
6] Sodium In salt, street lights, etc.
7] Potassium In fertilizers, crackers, insecticides, etc.
8] Mercury In thermometer and mercury-vapour lamp
Q5 Write two uses each of diamond and graphite.
Ans. Two uses each of diamond is
1 Used as ornaments
2 Used as glass cutter
Graphite
1 Used to make fincals
2 Used as electrode poles
Q6 Write the uses of Phosphorous
Ans. Red phosphorus is used to prepare match sticks, crackers explosives and even insecticides. Compounds of
phosphorus are used such as:A] Zinc phosphide to prepare drugs to kill rats.
B] Aluminium phosphide for preserving grains.
C] Phosphorus pent oxide as a strong absorbent of humidity.
Q7 Write the uses of sulphur
Ans. Uses of Sulphur are:A] To prepare sulphuric acid.
B] In the gun powder for preparing crackers.
C] For the preparation of explosives.
D] For the preparation of insecticides and fertilizers.
E] For the preparation of cream for skin diseases and disinfectants.
F] For vulcanization of rubber.

Q8 Explain with examples the process of oxidation, reduction and redox process.
Ans. 1] The chemical process in which either oxygen is added or hydrogen is removed is called Oxidation. Eg.
2H2+O2 2H2O (Addition of oxygen in hydrogen)
2] The chemical process in which either Oxygen is removed or hydrogen is added is called reduction. Eg. H2 +
CuO Cu + H2O
3] Sometimes, oxidation and reduction both the reactions occur in one chemical process. This is known as redox
process. Eg. 2H2+O2 2H2O
Q9 Explain the process of reduction with the help of an example.
Ans The chemical process in which either Oxygen is removed or hydrogen is added is called reduction. Eg. H2
+ CuO Cu + H2O
EX.4 DEFINE
L-2

1 Element- A group of similar atom is called element.

2 Atomic Number- The number of protons and element present in the atom of an element is called Atomic
number.
L-3 1 Oxidation The chemical process in which either oxygen is added or hydrogen is removed is Oxidation.
2 Reduction The chemical process in which either hydrogen is added or oxygen is removed id Reduction.
3 Reactants Atoms of molecules taking part in any chemical reaction are called Reactants
EX.5 GIVE REASONS
L-1 1. Hydrogen gas is filled in ballons because hydrogen is lighter gas as compared to air.when a balloon
inflated with hydrogen gas.it becomes lighter than air.when this balloon is realesed it rises high up in the sky
hence, hydrogen gas is used in the balloons that are to rise up in the sky.
L-2 1. An atom is electrically neutral because 1)positively charged protons are present in the nuclears of atom.
2)negatively charged electrons revolve around the nucleas in the definite circular orbit. 3) in an atom of any
element the numbers of proton is equal to the numbers of electrons so the total positive charge is equal to the
total negative charge hence,an atom is electrically neutral.
2. Helium and neon gases are chemically inert because helium and neon have the outermost orbit filled due to
this fully filled orbit helium and neon can not accept or donate electons with atoms of any other elements so
they are chemically inert
L-3 1 Small amount of copper is added to gold and silver while making jewellery because the ornament make
from pure gold such that if pressure is exerted from on them their shape changes so pure gold is mixed with
metals such as silver , cooper or zinc to make it strong and durable.
2 Stainless steel is used for making household utensils because it is an alloy made up of iron, chromium, nickel.
It is corrosion resistant. It is hard and strong. Stains of food items can be removed easily on washing it. It
shows lustre so its utensils looks attractive.

EX.6 TRUE OR FALSE

L-2 1. A Neutron is electrically positively charged. False
2. Proton and neutron are very heavy particles as compared to an electron. True
3. The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of electrons present in it. True
4. The number of protons and the number of electrons in an atom of an element is always the same. True
5. If the outer most orbit of an atom is not fully filled it has a tendency to combine with other atom. True
6. Sodium atom losses one electron from its outermost orbit and forms positive ion of sodium. True
L-3 1. Mercury is a liquid metal. True
2. Stainless steel is an alloy. True
3. Oxidation is the process of removal of oxygen. False
4. Nonmetals are good conductors of heat and electricity. False
5. Oxides of metal are acidic oxide in nature. False
6. Sodium is a hard metal. False
EX.7 DIFFERENCE
1 Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
1 It supports combustion

1 It does not supports combustion but it

extinguishes fire.

2 It is an element

2 It is a compound

3 It does not effect red or blue litmus paper

3 It turns moist blue litmus paper red.

1. Molecule and Atom

Molecule
Molecule is the fundamental unit of a
compound.

Atom
Atom is the fundamental unit of an element.
It does not exist independently.

Molecules exist independently.

It is made up of only one type of element.
It is made up of one or more type of elements.

2. Atom and Ion

Atom
Atom is electrically neutral.
An atom is chemically active.

Ion
Ion is not neutral but positively or negatively
charged.
Ion is chemically inactive.

3. Proton and Electron

Proton
Proton is positively charged.

Electron
Electron is negatively charged.

It lies in the nucleus.

It circulates around the nucleus in the energy

levels.

1. Metals And Non-metals

Metal
Non - metals
Metals are in solid form (except mercury). Non-metals are in solid, liquid or gaseous
forms.
Metals are malleable.
Non-metals are not malleable.
Metals are good conductor of heat and
electricity.
Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and
electricity.
Metals have luster.
Non-metals are lusterless.
Most metals are heavy in weight.
Most non-metals are light in weight.

EX.8 CLASSIFY
L-3 Metals-Sodium, silver , mercury, magnesium, aluminium, calcium.
Non-Metals-Carbon, Sulphur , Phosphorous, Oxygen, Chlorine, Iodine
EX-9 EXPERIMENT
1.DESCRIBE WITH THE HELP OF A DIAGRAM, THE EXPERIMENT OF PREPARATION OF OXYGEN
GAS
AIM: to prepare oxygen gas
APPARATUS AND MATERIALS: test tubes, test tube holder, oxygen gas, candle, an incense stick, potassium
permanganate
PROCDURE: 1)Take a test tube. 2)Hold it with test tube holder. 3)Put potassium particles in the test tube as
shown in the figure. 4)Heat the test tube with the flame of the candle. 5)When potassium permanganate gets

heated up in the test tube there will be some cracking sound . 6) After that as shown in the figurehold an incense
stick in the test tube and keep it inside the test tube for sometime and observe.
OBSERVATION: When we insert burning incense stick in the test tube. it burns more brightly.
RESULT:Thus oxygen gas is revolt.
CHEMICAL FORMULA INVOLVED IN THE PREPARATION OF OXYGEN :
2KmnO4
potassium
permanganate

gives
decomposition

K2MnO4
pottasium
mangnate

MnO2
manganese
dioxide

O2
oxygen
gas