Professional Documents
Culture Documents
12) Your ship is equipped with a right handed propeller.As you go full astern from full ahead, the ship
is sheering to starboard.Is there anything you can do to reduce the change in heading?
No.
Put the rudder hard to port.
Swing the rudder from side to side.
Put the rudder hard to starboard.
13) You are meeting another ship in confined waters. What can happen as the ships approach each
other?
Initially the bows of the ships will be pushed away from each other.
Initially the bows of the ships will be pulled together.
Both vessels will be affected by squat.
There will be no effect.
14) In ship handling terms, which of these overtaking situations is the most dangerous?
A small vessel overtaking a large vessel with a big difference in speed between the two vessels.
A small vessel overtaking a large vessel with little difference in speed between the two vessels.
A large vessel overtaking a small vessel with a big difference in speed between the two vessels.
A large vessel overtaking a small vessel with little difference in speed between the two vessels.
15) In which of these vessel types is 'squat' likely to be most pronounced?
A cargo liner.
A supply or anchor handling vessel.
A vessel with a very wide beam compared to length.
A vessel with a high block coefficient.
16) How should you minimize squat effect?
Decrease the speed.
Increase the speed.
Transfer ballast to change the ship's trim.
Do a zig-zag manoeuvre and reduce the speed.
17) In relation to squat effect, which of the following statements is incorrect?
Squat results in an increase in ship's draft.
Squat results in a decrease in underkeel clearance.
23) What is most noticeable about a ship with good course keeping stability?
She will maintain her course until large rudder angles are applied.
When you apply rudder, she will take time before answering.
When you apply rudder, she will continue to turn for sometime after the rudder is put amidships.
When you put the rudder amidships, she will quickly return to a straight course.
24) In which direction will the bow of a vessel move, with a single fixed pitch right-handed propeller
which is turning astern?
To port.
To starboard.
Forwards.
Backwards.
25) Your engine is going astern and you gather sternway.The rudder is amidships and you are
operating on a single, right-handed fixed screw.How will your ship react?
You will change heading to port.
You will change heading to starboard.
You will go straight astern.
Your stern will be pushed to starboard.
26) A ship turns around a point called the 'pivot point'. What is the usual position of this point when
the ship is at full sea speed?
Amidships.
At the stern.
At about 1/4 of the ship's length from the bow.
At about 1/4 of the ship's length from the stern.
27) In the diagram of a ship's turning circle, what is the distance A known as?
Advance
Tactical Diameter
Stopping Distance
Transfer
28) In the diagram of a ship's turning circle, what is the distance B known as?
Tactical Diameter
Transfer
34) In the diagram, B represents the start of a turning circle of a power driven ship in deep water with
20 degrees starboard rudder.If the ship was in shallow water, the turning circle with the same rudder
angle would be...
A
B
C
none of the other options.
35) What is 'ship squat'?
The sinkage and change of trim caused when the ship is proceeding with a small underkeel
clearance
Deeper draft caused by operating in fresh rather than salt water
A requirement for ships proceeding up river under low bridges
A slight increase in underkeel clearance
36) Over what length of time should a diesel powered vessel be slowed down from full sea-speed to
manoeuvring speed?
10 minutes.
20 minutes.
1 hour.
4 hours.
37) Who is responsible for the numbers and use of tugs during mooring?
The pilot.
The port authority.
The master.
The agent.
38) Your ship is equipped with a right-handed propeller. As you go full astern from full ahead, the ship
is sheering to starboard. Is there anything you can do to reduce the change in heading?
Put the rudder hard to starboard to reduce the water flow to the right side of the propeller
No, there is nothing I can do
Put the rudder hard to port to reduce the water flow to the left side of the propeller
I can swing the rudder from side to side
39) Your ship is equipped with a single, right-handed fixed screw. Steaming full ahead you reverse the
engine to stop the ship. How will the ship react?No wind or current.
She will most likely sheer to starboard and gradually loose headway
She will most likely continue on a straight course
She will stop on 1,5 times the ship's length
She will most likely sheer to port and stop rather quickly
40) Your engine is going astern and you pick up sternway. The rudder is midships, and you are
operating on a single, right-handed fixed screw. How will your ship react?
1500m
5 ship lengths
The stopping distance is the same for all initial speeds
The sea-trial tests may tell me, or else I can do a test myself to find
aut
42) You want to stop your ship as quickly as possible without too much change in the heading. What
can you do to achieve this?
Use the rudder hard over both sides while reducing engine power,
so-called 'high frequency rudder cycling'.
Put the engine full astern
43) What is most pronounced about a ship with good course stability?
When you put rudder amidships, she will continue a straight course.
It will maintain course no matter how much rudder you apply.
When you apply the rudder, she will continue to turn when rudder is
put amidships.
When you apply the rudder it will take time before she answers to
it.
44) What would you say about a ship which is course unstable?
When you apply rudder, she will continue to turn when the rudder is
put amidship, and may even increase rate of turn
When you put rudder amidship, she will continue on a straight
course.
It will maintain course no matter how much rudder you apply.
When you apply rudder, it will take time before she answers to it.
45) Please name correctly the most common rudders as shown below? UNBALANCED,BALANCED,
SEMI-BALANCED, UNDERHUNG BALANCED
No, the ship will have the same steering ability unaffected by trim.
Yes, a ship usually steer better if trimmed by the bow.
No, it is usually best to have no trim at all.
Yes, the ship usually steer better if trimmed by the stern.
50) Overshoot' is an expression we use when talking about a ship's steering ability. What is the
definition of this expression?
amidship.
It is the way a ship shoots forward when you give ' a kick ahead'.
51) Overshoot' is an expression we use when talking about a ship's steering ability. What is the best
way to determine how the 'overshoot' is on your ship?
As in example 3
As in example 4
As in example 2
As in example 1
56) The maximum rudder angle on your ship is 35 degrees. Do you think this is the angle that the
rudder is most effective?
No, the most effective rudder angle is about 25 to 30 degrees. This is because the rudder is
'stalling' at 35 degrees angle
About 80%
About 5%
About 10%
About 50%
58) Which of the alternative methods of using a tug when escorting your ship through narrow waters
do you think is the most effective in case you loose steering power?
Full power on the aft tug, reduce on the forward while checking the gyro
Full power on the aft tug, stop on the forward tug
Equal power on both tugs
Full power on the forward tug, the stern tug should hold back
61) Consider the situation sketched below. How will you distribute the power of the tugs when you
want to move the ship sideways without any yaw?
Sinkage is the extra draft a vessel obtains when she is comparatively heavily loaded both ends
Sinkage is the extra draft a vessel obtains when she is comparatively heavily loaded amidship
Sinkage is the change in draft a vessel obtains when moving through the water
Sinkage is the deepest draft a vessel obtains aft when moving through the water
63) You are in a 360 degrees turn with engine full ahead. If you reduce speed during the turn, do you
think there will be a change in turning diameter?
Yes, it will be a large difference in the turning diameter between full and slow ahead
The diameter will be the same whatever initial speed we have when starting the turn
Yes, it will be much smaller with slow ahead
65) You have made a turning test on full speed in deep water. You are now going to make a test in
shallow water. Do you think the turning diameter will be the same?
The tug may be pushed away from the ship and thus unable to assist your vessel
Cargoliner
Vessel with a very wide beam compared to length
The Master
The Pilot
Vessels Agent in Port
Port Authorities
70) The vessel will anchor with Pilot onboard. You are the duty officer on bridge. What isyour main
duty?
The master or this qualified representative must be on the bridge at all times
At all times
During anchoring or tie-up operations only
When the pilot is embarking or disembarking
74) Are mooring boats required for vessels transitting the Suez Canal?
Only projectors hired from the Canal Mooring and Light Company are permitted
If vessels have their own projector, an extra fee will be levied on the vessel
All vessels must provide their own projector
Vessels with bulbous bow, LPG-and LNG-vessels must provide their own projector
76) Rigging of the Pilot Ladder and embarkation/disembarkation of a pilot shall be supervised by:
An experienced AB
The Bosum
The Sen. Off .Deck only
A responsible Officer
77) The maximum height that a pilot should be required to climb on a pilot ladder before reaching the
deck or stepping onto an accommodation ladder is:
6 mtrs
12mtrs
15 mtrs
9 mtrs
78) If making a new pilot ladder onboard, which of the following ropes would you use in its
construction as side ropes on which the steps are fastened?
Polypropylene rope
Polyester rope
Uncovered manila rope
Nylon rope
79) A pilot ladder shall, to prevent twisting, be fitted with 'battens'. The lowest batten shall be the 5th
step from the lower end of the pilot ladder. At what intervals should there be further battens upwards
on the pilot ladder?
81) If you are to use a newly installed mechanical pilot hoist arrangement to pick up a pilot:
It is necessary to keep a pilot ladder rolled and ready on deck adjacent to the pilot hoist
It is necessary to keep any sort of ladder ready on deck next to the pilot hoist
It is not necessary to have any backup ladder ready
It is necessary to have a pilot ladder rigged and reaching from deck to the waterline, next to the
pilot hoist
82) Your vessel is moving in Panama Canal waters. When must the master or his qualified
representative be on the bridge?
At all times
When his qualified representative is present
When entering or leaving a lock, passing through Gaillard cut, berthing&unberthing, anchoring or
heaving anchor
When entering or leaving a lock only
84) Your vessel is moving in Panama Canal waters. When must a regular engineer be on watch in the
engine room?
At all times
When the chief engineer is attending the engine room
Not necessary to be in the engine room if the unmanned engine room status is practised and
alarms have been checked
When requested by the pilot
85) Your vessel is moving in Panama Canal waters. When must the chief engineer remain on duty in
the engine room?
86) Who is authorized to prescribe use of locomotives and canal deck-hands during transit of the
Panama Canal?
20m
28m
29,5m
22m
93) When should gangway nets be rigged?
Manila
Polypropylene
Nylon
Steel wire
97) What is the strain on each of the two slings?
1) 5tons 2) 5tons
1) 5tons 2) 5tons
1)10tons 2) 5tons
1) 2tons 2) 1ton
98) What is the correct definition of:-lee side?
99) Your ship is equipped with 2 different types of grabs,small and large, with cubic capacities of 5m3
and 10m3 respectively. Maximum crane load for grab service is 16 tons including grab weight. You are
going to discharge a dry commodity having a stowage factor of 1,4 T/m3. What will be the suitable
grab for this operation?
Small
Any of them
Large
None of the mentioned alternatives
100) Your crane is designed for Grab Service with a hoisting load of 16 tons including grab weight.
Grab weight: 8 tons, Grab cubic: 10m3. You are going to discharge a cargo of dry minerals having a
stowage factor of 0,7-0,8 t/m3. What will be the maximum weight of the cargo you are allowed to
have in each grab?
8 tons
16 tons
7 tons
15 tons
101) What is the correct definition of:-let go?
Scharnow Turn
Williamson Turn
Direct Turn
Evinrude Turn
103) The vessel is going through the illustrated turning procedure. What is the name of this turning
procedure?
Direct Turn
Evinrude Turn
Williamson Turn
Scharnow Turn
104) The vessel is going through the illustrated turning procedure. What is the name of this turning
procedure?
WilliamsonTurn
Evinrude Turn
Direct Turn
Scharnow Turn
105) Replies from life-saving stations or maritime rescue units to distress signals made. What is the
meaning of the signal?
SOLAS
Flight Cross
Coordinated Crab
Patterton
111) What is the search pattern system called using more than one ship?
Parallel System
Cross System
Circle System
Triangle System
112) What is the possible position of a ship in distress called?
R-Point
D-Point
S-Point
Zero-Point
113) Every inflatable liferaft, inflatable lifejacket and hydrostatic release units shall be serviced:
Every 18 months
Every 36 months
Every 12 months
Every 24 months
114) What is a hydrostatic release unit?
8 seconds
10 seconds
15 seconds
5 seconds
116) How many MOB (combined light and smoke) signal buoys are placed on board, and where are
they located?
Direct Turn
Evinrude Turn
Williamson Turn
Scharnow Turn
118) You are standing on the bridge and are eye witness to a man falling over board. Which of the
following actions are to be considered as the correct manoeuvre in this situation?
Direct Turn
Williamson Turn
Scharnow Turn
Evinrude Turn
119) You are duty officer on the bridge. A person is reported missing. Which of the following actions
are to be considered as the correct manoeuvre in this situation?
Direct Turn
Evinrude Turn
Scharnow Turn
Williamson Turn
120) What is the signal used by a life saving station or rescue unit indicating that distress signals are
observed at night time?
Square System
Single System
Lonely System
Sector System
122) A 6-men inflatable liferaft shall be carried as far forward as is reasonable and practicable. Where
is the best stowing position?
18
20
14
12
125) What is the name of the IMO publication giving guidance in Search and Rescue operations?
EPIRB
RASSO
IAMSAR
AMVER
126) What is the Morse Code Signal Letter used by a vessel in response to an aircraft is request for
assistance in a rescue operation?
Y
S
A
T
127) Romanian merchant-and fishing vessels have to participate in the AMVER system. What is the
purpose of AMVER?
Automated mutual vessel rescue system for plotting vessels with the purpose of rescue
World wide telecommunication system
A NATO reporting system in case of joining a war-convoy
Weather routing
128) What colour flare is used to signal a safe landing for small boats?
Green
Yellow
Blue
White
129) If requested by a coastal radio station to participate in a rescue operation, what is the most
important information you may give?
130) Which letter from the Morse code is used to signal a safe landing place (sound or light)?
B
F
K
S
131) What colour flare is used to signal a highly dangerous landing place?
Red
Blue
Orange
Yellow
132) Which letter from the Morse code is used to signal a highly dangerous landing place?
S
D
F
H
133) What is the colour of the smoke signal used by life-saving station or rescue units indicating that
distress signals are observed in daylight?
Yellow
Blue
Green
Orange
134) Who should be informed first when receiving a distress signal from an other ship/vessel?
AMVER
Associated Press
Coast Earth Station or RCC
Your own company
135) What sound signal shall be used on ship`s whistle when man-over-board?
Seelonce mayday
Seelonce distress
Seelonce pan
Seelonce securite
138) On which frequencies do most satellite EPIRB's COSPAS/SARSAT operate ?
121.5/406MHz
2182 kHz
121.5Khz
500Khz
139) On which frequency are navigational and meteorological messages normally sent on the NAVTEX
system?
518KHz
2182 kHz
500KHz
2187.2KHz
140) By what date must ALL vessels fully comply with GMDSS requirements?
Securite (3 times)
Mayday (3 times)
Pan Pan (3 times)
Victor (3 times)
143) On what wave band does the search and rescue radar transponder operate?
9 GHz
8 GHz
2182KHz
6GHz
144) Your vessel is not in distress and not taking part in a distress operation. How would you impose
radio silence on vessels which are interfering the distress traffic?
Seelonce Pan
Seelonce Securite
Seelonce Distress
Seelonce Mayday
145) If requested by a coastal radio station to participate in a rescue operation, what is the most
important information you may give?
minim2 sets
minim 1set
There is no requirement to carry them
minim 3 sets
148) What is the meaning of this flag in the International code of signals?
Ch.13
Ch.16
Ch.12
Ch.06
153) Under GMDSS which VHF channel is used for Digital Selective Calling (DSC)?
Ch.06
Ch.13
Ch.70
Ch.16
154) On the radio telephony 2182KHz frequency when are the 'silence periods'?
One minute
Two minutes
Three minutes
Five minutes
156) What does this two flag hoist signal indicate?
Acknowledge receipt
Relay the message immediately on 2182KHz
Wait three minutes and if no acknowledgement is heard from a coast station you should relay
the alert
I am dragging my anchor
I require medical assistance
I require a tug
You are running into danger
159) What is the meaning of this flag signal?
G3221
L3221
L2330
L2320
160) Code signals concerning requests and general information on medical matters normally consist
of:
162) Under GMDSS rules the trading area A1 can be considered to be:
164) Which one of the listed requirements regarding lifebuoys do not correspond to present
regulations? (SOLAS III/31)
Every lifebuoy shall be constructed of inherently buoyant material or have sifficient air
compartment for buoyancy
Every lifebuoy shall have a mass of less than 2.5 kilos
Every lifebuoy shall, if being fitted with light or smoke signal, have a weight of not less than 4
kilos
Every lifebuoy shall be fitted with a grab line
165) An alarm signal consisting of seven short blast followd by one prolonged blast is sounded by the
ship`s whistle and alarm bells. What are you to do?
166) Which one of the given requirements regarding survival craft muster and embarcation
arrangements do not correspond with present regulations?(SOLAS III/10)
So that neither craft nor stowage arrangement interfere with the general operation of the ship
As near the water surface as is safe and practicable
In a state of continous readiness so that two crewmembers can prepare for embarcation and
launching in less than 5 minutes
In a secure and sheltered position and protected from damage by fire or explosion
168) Which one of the listed requirements regarding the stowage of lifeboats and liferafts do not
correspond to present regulations? (SOLAS II/13.3-13.6)
Liferafts intended for throw-overboard launching shall be stowed midships secured to means for
transfer to either side
Lifeboats shall be stowed attached to launching appliances
Liferafts shall be so stowed as to permit manual release from their securing arrangements
Davit-launched liferafts shall be stowed within reach of the lifting hooks unless adequate means
of transport is provided
169) Which one of the listed requirements regarding the stowage of rescue boats do not correspond to
present regulations? (SOLAS III/14)
Rescue boats shall be stowed in a state of continous readiness for launching in not more than 5
minutes
170) Which one of the listed requirements regarding the launching and recovery arrangements for
rescue boats do not correspond to present regulations? (SOLAS III/16)
Weekly
Every second week
Once a month
Every third week
172) How much liferaft capacity should be provided on a conventional cargo ship of more than 85
meters in length, built after July 1986?
Turned at intervals of not more than 30 months and renewed every 5 years
Turned every 2 years and renewed every 4 years
Turned every 30 months and needs only to be renewed if the wire is in poor condition
Renewed every three years
176) A ship is fitted with david launched liferafts. How often should onboard training take place,
including, when practicable, the inflation and lowering of a liferaft?
10%of the number of persons the liferaft is designed to carry, or two, whichever is the greatest
4
3
Nil
179) How many buoyant smoke signals are carried in each liferaft?
6
Nil
Doua
4
180) How many hand held distress flares are carried in each liferaft?
4
12
6
2
181) How many rocket parachute flares are carried in each liferaft?
6
12
Nil
4
182) How many buoyant smoke signals are carried in each liferaft?
4
6
12
2
183) How many hand held distress flares are carried in each lifeboat?
12
2
6
4
184) How many rocket parachute flares are carried in each lifeboat?
6
12
Nil
4
185) How many 'thermal protective aids' are required to be carried on vessels with open lifeboats?
Each lifeboat should carry the same number of thermal protective aids as the number of persons
it is designed to carry
They are not required, providing the boat has a canvas canopy which can be rigged in cold
weather
10 in each lifeboat
One for each person on board who is not provided with an immersion sui
186) What is the minimum number of immersion suits that are required to be provided for each open
lifeboat under SOLAS rules?
Nil
6
3
One per person
187) How would you know how many people a lifeboat is supposed to hold?
Nothing for the first 24 hours, then 1/2 litre per day (more in the tropics)
1/2 litre immediately, followed by 1/4 litre per day (more in the tropics)
Nothing for the first 48 hours, then 1/4 litre per day (more in the tropics)
Nothing for the first 24 hours, then 1/4 litre per day (more in thetropics)
189) How much water per person is provided in a lifeboat not equiped with a desalting apparatus?
3 litre
5 litre
2 litre
1,5 litre
190) How much water per person is provided in a lifeboat not equiped with a desalting apparatus?
1,5 litre
5 litre
2 litre
3 litre
191) You are approaching the shore in a lifeboat when you see a person holding a white flag. He is
moving it in a horizontal motion from side to side. What does this indicate?
Check that the painter is made fast to a secure point and that the sea below is clear
Inflate it on deck and then launch it if clear below
Take the top off the container to enable raft to inflate once in the water. If all clear, throw raft
over side
Disconnect the painter and launch it, checking that all is clear below
194) How should the painter of a liferaft which is fitted with a hydrostaticrelease be secured to the
ship?
Channel 16 only
Channels 16&12
Channels 6,12&16
Channel 16 and minimum others simplex channel in VHF band
201) During a helicopter evacuation, the helicopter lowers his winch wire to the deck. Which of the
following should NOT be done with the winch wire?
202) How should the hook be released from a david lowered liferaft?
Two
One
204) What equipment is provided in a liferaft to help you keep warm in cold weather?
At least 10% of the rafts complement with a minimum of 2 thermal protective aids are provided
Thermal protective aids for each person the floor of the raft has a second layer which can be
inflated to
Help insulation, in addition to the thermal protective aids (10% of complement, minimum 2)
The floor of the raft has a second layer which can be inflated to give additional insulation from
the cold water
205) You are starting to get low on water in the lifeboat. What should you do?
A light
On ships built after February 1992 all lifejackets should be fitted with a light
A whistle and a light
A whistle
208) An enclosed lifeboat is fitted with a self-contained air support system. With the engine running,
what is the minimum period of time the air should remain safe and breathable?
10 minutes
5 minutes
20 minutes
30 minutes
209) During search and rescue operations an aircraft crosses the wake of your vessel close astern at
low altitude. What does it indicate, if the aircraft rocks its wings, opens and closes the throttle or
changes the propeller pitch?
15% extra
25% extra
5% extra
10% extra
212) How ofter should each lifeboat be lowered into the water and manoeuvred with its operating crew
aboard under SOLAS regulations?
Weekly
214) Which one of the listed routine test and inspections of life-saving appliances is not required by
the regulations?
Inspection of life-saving appliances, including lifeboat equipment shall be carried out monthly to
ensure they are complete and in good order
Survival crafts and rescue boats with launching appliances shall be visually inspected weekly to
ensure they are ready for use
Lifeboat engines to be run for at least 3 minutes every week
General emergency alarm to be tested daily
215) Which radio frequency/channels are reserved for distress, urgensy and safety communication ?
2182kHz/VHF channel 6
2188 kHz/VHF channel 8
2182 kHz and VHF channel 16
2128kHz/VHF channel 16
216) Which of the following types/sizes of vessels in international trade do not have to be fitted with a
radiotelephone station?
222) Cand nava se afla in semicercul periculos vantul deriveaza nava catre :
Partea din dreapta a traiectoriei ciclonului
Partea din stanga a traiectoriei ciclonului
Centrul ciclonului
Semicercul manevrabil
223) Viteza vantului este de regula mai mare in :
Semicercul manevrabil
Semicercul periculos
Centrul ciclonului
In urma ciclonului
224) In cazul in care se cunoste directia de deplasare a ciclonului tropical, semicercul manevrabil va fi
determinat :
Stand cu fata catre centrul ciclonului
Stand cu fata in vant
Stand cu fata in directia de deplasare a depresiunii tropicale
Stand cu spatele catre centrul ciclonului
225) Cand o nava aflata in semicercul manevrabil poate prsi mai repede zona de actiune a ciclonului
?
Dupa formarea ciclonului, acesta fiind pe o traiectorie ascendenta
Dupa ce ciclonul si-a schimbat traiectoria
In cazul curbarii traiectoriei
Cand nava are vantul din pupa
226) Ce se intelege prin 'cadranul mai periculos' ?
Cadranul din partea stanga fata de traiectoria ciclonului
Cadranul din partea dreapta fata de traiectoria ciclonului
Cadranul in care depresiunea este in crestere
Cadranul anterior al semicercului periculos
227) O nava suprinsa de ciclon in emisfera nordica se afla in semicercul periculos :
Cand nava tine o capa preventiva, iar vantul gireaza in sens retrograd
Cand nava tine o 'capa preventiva', iar vantul gireaza in sens direct
233) In emisfera nordica, cand nava se afla in semicercul periculos, aceasta trebuie sa mentina :
Vantul din pupa Tb
Vantul din pupa Bb
O alura de capa preventiva, cu vantul din Pv Tb intre 10 - 45 grade
O alura de capa preventiva, cu vantul din Pv Bb intre 15 - 25 grade
234) In emisfera sudica, cand nava se afla in semicercul periculos, aceasta trebuie sa mentina :
O alura de capa preventiva, cu vantul din Pp Bb intre 1-2 carturi
O alura de capa preventiva, cu vantul din Pv Bb intre 10 - 45 grade
O alura de capa preventiva, cu vantul din Pv Tb intre 15 - 25 grade
Vantul din pupa
235) In emisfera nordica, cand nava se afla in semicercul manevrabil, aceasta trebuie sa mentina :
O alura cu vantul din Pp Bd
O alura cu vantul din Pv Bb
O alura cu vantul din Pp Tb
O alura cu vantul din Pv Tb
236) In emisfera sudica, cand nava se afla in semicercul manevrabil, aceasta trebuie sa mentina :
O alura cu vantul din Pp Bd
O alura cu vantul din Pv Bb
O alura cu vantul din Pp Tb
O alura cu vantul din Pv Tb
237) Daca nava se afla centrului ciclonului, este suficient :
Sa marim viteza navei
Sa mentinem un drum cu vant de pupa
Sa mentinem drumul si viteza
Sa micsoram viteza pentru a lasa ciclonul sa se indeparteze
238) Fenomene meteorologice tipice, care preced aparitia ciclonului sunt :
Cresterea temperaturii aerului, cresterea presiunii, intretinerea brizelor si musonilor, aparitia
norilor Cumulus
Aparitia pescarusilor, cresterea presiunii, valuri mari
Variatia anormala a presiunii, aparitia hulei, schimbarea directiei vantului, aparitia norilor Cirrus,
incetarea brizelor
Valuri de furtuna, cresterea presiunii, aparitia norilor Stratus, mentinerea directiei vantului
239) Ce se urmrete atunci cnd se realizeaz a schi a sondajelor n jurul unei nave euate?
Stabilirea naturii fundului, direcia cea mai favorabil pentru ieire i posibilitile de lansare la
ap a mijloacelor de salvare
Stabilirea adncimii apei, gradul de avariere a corpului navei, posibiliti de folosire a ancorelor
proprii
Stabilirea naturii fundului, dac elicea este liber, direcia cea mai convenabil pentru ieire,
locul unde nava este n contact cu fundul apei
Stabilirea dac se poate folosi elicea, locul unde nava este n contact cu fundul apei, modificarea
asietei navei
240) Ce manevr se recomand n cazul unei euri iminente pentru a reduce impactul cu fundul apei?
Stoparea mainii i punerea crmei ntr-un bord pn la ntoarcerea navei cu bordul spre locul de
euare
Stoparea mainii i punerea crmei ntr-un bord, pn la ntoarcerea navei cu pupa spre locul de
euare
Deplasarea de greuti spre prova navei pentru protejarea crmei i a elicei
Stopare mainii i punerea pe mar napoi, cu scopul de a anula micarea de inerie nainte a
navei i stoparea acesteia
241) Manevra pilotinei de apropiere de nav se execut
n sensul curentului i pe direcia vntului sub un unghi ct mai ascuit
Nu are importan, dar se va executa cu atenie pentru evitarea coliziunii
Sub un unghi ascuit i mereu n bordul de sub vnt i curent
Conform indicaiilor comandantului navei
242) ntre dou traverse ale scrii de pilot nu trebuie s fie mai mult de:
7 trepte
9 trepte
10 trepte
Nu are importan
243) Scara de pilot trebuie s fie instalat astfel ca pilotul s nu urce mai mult de
8m
9m
10 m
10 trepte
244) Manevra navei la ambarcarea /debarcarea pilotului pe timp de noapte, presupune executarea
urmtoarelor activiti:
Se micoreaz viteza navei nainte de nceperea giraiei (deoarece nclinarea navei datorat
ntoarcerii se vansuma cu nclinarea produs de vnt i valuri, ceea ce poate duce la rsturnarea
navei), apoi se mrete viteza navei pentru a se depi poziia ntre valuri
Se mrete viteza pe ct posibil, pentru a o depi pe aceea a valului, evitndu-se astfel intrarea
n sincronism
Se mrete viteza pe ct posibil, pentru a trece ct mai repede prin poziia cu valul din travers,
dup care se ncepe giraia
Indiferent de viteza navei, giraia navei trebuie fcut cu atenie, sau dac nu se poate, mai
bine se renun pentru a se evita crearea unei situaii de pericol
255) Tangajul navei depinde de raportul dintre lungimea navei (L) i lungimea de und a valului (?),
situaia cea mai nefavorabil fiind atunci cnd:
L >?, nava calc pe mai multe valuri n acelai timp
L < ?, nava urc i coboar pe coama valului tangaj foarte pronunat
L = ?, nava se poate afla cnd cu prova i pupa pe cte un val, cnd cu centrul pe coama valului
iar prova i pupa suspendate
Indiferent de raportul dintre L i?, tangajul cel mai periculos este cu valul din prova, deoarece
nava primete lovituri puternice din prova i ambarc mult ap pe punte
256) Conducerea navei n zona acoperit de o schem de separare a traficului se face respectndu-se
urmtoarele reguli:
Intrarea/ieirea n scheme de separare se va face sub un unghi ct mai mare, pentru a scurta
durata manevrei
Navigaia se desfoar n direcia sgeilor fluxului, intrare/ieirea n culoar se face pe la
capetele acestuia evitndu-setraversarea i ancorarea n interiorul acestora
Traversarea schemelor de separare a traficului se va face sub un unghi ct mai ascuit, pentru a
se evita intersectrile cu drumurile navelor aflate n mar n interiorul schemei
Navigaia se desfoar n direcia sgeilor fluxului, cu vitez minim de guvernare i cu
atenie sporit, pentru evitarea unor situaii de foarte mare apropiere ntre navele aflate n trafic
257) n general coliziunea produce avarii la corpul navei care genereaz de cele mai multa ori guri de
ap. Apa mbarcat prin acestea poate provoca urmtoarele situaii la bord, care va afecta stabilitatea
navei:
nclinarea, apuparea sau aprovarea navei
Creterea uniform a pescajului navei
Deteriorarea calitii mrfurilor din magazii
Dezafectarea compartimentelor inundate, de sub punte
258) n caz de coliziune a unei nave, primele msuri care se vor lua la bord sunt:
Transmitereamesajului de pericol i evitarea de a se mai face manevre cu navele, dac acestea
sunt blocate una n cealalt
Determinarea pericolului de explozie sau de incendiu, nchiderea tuturor porilor etane,
inspectarea compartimentelor desub linia de plutire pentru depistarea eventualelor fisuri sau
guri de ap
Transmiterea mesajelor de ajutor de la caz la caz i pregtirea echipajului pentru abandonarea
navei
nchiderea tuturor porilor etane de sub punte i orientarea navei cu viteza cea mai mare spre
cel mai apropiat port sau loc de euare, pentru evitarea pericolului de rsturnare sau scufundare
259) Concomitent cu lupta pentru meninerea vitalitii navei n situaii de coliziune, se vor executa
manevre pentru ca nava s fie meninut ntr-o alur care s limiteze ptrunderea apei astfel:
nchiderea tuturor porilor etane i orientarea navei cu viteza cea mai mare spre cel mai
apropiat port sau loc de euare, pentru evitarea pericolului de rsturnare sau scufundare
Stoparea mainii i meninerea navei n deriv pentru a se limita astfel viteza de ptrundere a
apei n interior
Manevrarea navei pentru ca gaura de ap s fie meninut sub vnt i valuri, redresarea navei
prin deplasare de greuti i balastare/debalastare de tancuri de lichide, fra pune n pericol
stabilitatea navei, pentru ridicarea gurii de ap deasupra nivelului mrii
Manevrarea navei i pregtirea mijloacelor i a echipajului pentru abandon, conform rolului
260) Manevra navei cu incendiu la bord presupune executarea urmtoarelor activiti:
Orientarea navei astfel nct flcrile incendiului i fumul s fie aduse sub vnt, fr a pune n
pericol brcile de salvare i plutele de salvare
Orientarea navei cu pupa n vnt astfel ca flcrile i fumul s nu afecteze prea mult zona pupa
unde se afl suprastructura
Transmiterea mesajului de ajutor de la caz la caz i pregtirea echipajului pentru abandonarea
navei
Concomitent cu lupta de localizare i stingere a incendiului nava va fi manevrat pentru a se
putea asigura un bord sub vnt n vederea lansrii la ap a mijloacelor de salvare colective, n
caz de nevoie
261) Pe timpul manevrei navei prin zone cu gheuri, la intrarea dintr-o zon liber ntr-o zon cu
sloiuri, se va ine cont de urmtoarele aspecte:
Se va intra cu vitez suficient de mare care s permit spargerea gheii i nvingerea rezistenei
opus la naintare de sloiurile plutitoare
Se va nainta cu minimum de vitez pentru evitarea ocurilor puternice suferite de corpul navei,
manevrnd cu unghiuri mari de crm pentru ocolirea sloiurilor de ghea (gheurile avnd
partea imersat mult mai mare dect cea emersat, 1/9)
nainte de contactul cu gheaa se va stopa de fiecare dat maina, astfel ca impactul cu gheaa
s se fac numai din inerie i aceasta destul de redus
Se va reduce mult viteza pentru ca la contactul cu gheaa s nu aib de suferit corpul navei, iar
crma va fi manevrat cu unghiuri mici i numai la mar nainte
262) Patrula Internaional a Ghearilor detecteaz gheurile i emite avize pentru navigatori, unde
se transmit urmtoarele date:
Coordonatele punctelor ce delimiteaz zonele de pericol, sau coordonatele gheurilor, informaii
despre ghearii din zon
Drumurile recomandate pentru navele aflate n zona supravegheat
Drumurile probabile de deriv a gheurilor din zona supravegheat
Numrul navelor aflate n trafic prin zona supravegheat
263) Care este cel mai important element de care trebuie sa se tina cont la dezesuarea navei ?
Valurile
Remorcand nava alternativ intr-un bord si in altul pentru a-I face loc sa se degajeze mai usor
inapoi
275) Cum trebuie voltata remorca la bordul navei esuate ?
De vinciul de ancora
De la centrul navei
Pe mai multe perechi de babale intarite special pentru remorcaj
Folosind o laba de gasca
276) La ce distanta trebuie voltat remorcherul salvator fata de nava esuata ?
Cat mai aproape posibil
La o distanta suficienta care sa-I permita remorcherului sa-si foloseasca puterea maxima de
tractiune
La circa 25 - 50 metri
La circa 50 - 75 metri
277) La dezesuarea navei cu mijloacele bordului, masina si carma se folosesc :
Toata masina inapoi, carma mijloc
Toata masina inapoi, carma banda drepta
Toata masina inapoi, carma banda stanga
Alternativ masina inainte si inapoi si carma intr-un bord si altul
278) Elementul principal de scoatere a navei de pe uscat il constituie :
Vremea
Natura fundului
Cantitatea de marfa la bord
Viteza de deplasare a navei
279) Coeficientul de tractiune/impingere, ale remorcherelor cu elice cu pas fix este :
0,18 - 0,20 tone la fiecare unitate de putere
0,15 - 0,17 tone la fiecare unitate de putere
0,11 - 0,12 tone la fiecare unitate de putere
0,12 - 0,14 tone la fiecare unitate de putere
280) Esuarea voluntara a navei se face :
Nava se lasa in voia valurilor
292) Un semnal format din 7 sunete scurte transmis prin soneriile de alarma ale navei inseamna:
Abandonarea navei
Incendiu la bord
Adunarea echipajului in salon pentru comunicari
Pasagerii sa se prezinte la controlul autoritatilor
293) Care sunt mijloacele cu care se pot transmite semnale morse luminoase de la nava?
Proiector
Lampa ALDIS
Lampile fixe de la crucetele catargelor
Toate mijloacele de la a,b si c
294) Pe timpul remorcajului, lungimea remorcii trebuie s fie egal cu:
Jumtate din lungimea de und a valului;
Lungimea de und a valului sau cu un multiplu al acestei mrimi;
Lungimea valului;
d) multiplu de lungime a valului.
295) Dac: R1- tensiunea pe remorc; Re- rezistena elicelor stopate de la nava remorcat; Rarezistena aerului pe care o ntmpin nava remorcat; tensiunea total la care este supus remorca
(R) se poate calcula cu formula:
R= R1+ Re+ Ra;
R= R1- Re+ Ra;
R= R1+ Re- Ra;
R= R1- Re- Ra;
296) Lungimea parmei de remorcaj n porturi trebuie s fie:
n funcie de lungimea de und a valului;
Ct mai mic, cu lungimi de 25 50 m;
n funcie de starea vremii, perioada valului i tonajul navei remorcate;
Ct mai lung i grea.
297) Ruperea unei parme de remorcaj pe timpul marului de lung durat se produce datorit
faptului c:
Nu s-a folosit o parm de remorcaj rezistent, lung, grea i suficient de elastic;
S-a folosit o parm de remorcaj vegetal sau sintetic n loc de o parm metalic;
n calculul rezistenei la rupere nu s-a inut cont de diametrul parmei i de lungimea remorcii;
Nu s-a folosit o parm de remorcaj suficient de rezistent.
298) Manevra de apropiere de nava ce urmeaz a fi remorcat n siaj, trebuie s se fac:
Pe un drum paralel cu nava remorcat i la o distan de 5- 10 m;
Pe acelai drum cu nava remorcat, la 10- 20 m, n prova acesteia;
Pe un drum paralel cu nava remorcat la o distan de 20- 30 m, prin bordul din vnt;
Pe un drum paralel cu nava remorcat la o distan de 20 -30m, prin bordul de sub vnt.
299) Care sunt procedeele de remorcaj?:
n siaj, cuplat, mixt i prin mpingere;
n siaj la ureche i prin tragere;
n siaj, cuplat, la ureche, prin mpingere, la edec i mixt;
n siaj, la ureche, prin mpingere, la edec i mixt.
300) Pentru manevrele de remorcaj portuar, numrul de remorchere se stabilete astfel:
De comandantul navei prin pilot, n funcie de tipul manevrei;
De pilot, n funcie de mrimea i pescajul navei remorcate;
De comandantul navei prin pilot, n funcie de condiiile meteo i de mrimea navei;
De comandantul navei, n funcie de condiiile meteo i de mijloacele de propulsie ale navei
remorcate.
301) Pe timpul remorcajului schimbrile de drum:
Se fac progresiv pentru evitarea ruperii remorcii;
Nu trebuie s fie mai mari de 5 8 puncte la crm;
Se fac astfel nct remorca s aib aceeai tensiune ca i pe drum;
Se fac dup ce viteza navei remorcate s-a reglat s fie mai mic cu aproximativ 2 Nd dect
viteza remorcherului, pentru a meninepermanent remorca ntins
302) Pe timpul marului la remorc se vor executa urmtoarele activiti:
Supravegherea permanent a remorcii i respectarea vitezei de remorcaj;
Calculul rezistenei la rupere, a diametrului i lungimii remorcii;
Calculul rezistenei navei remorcate (RNR) i a tensiunii totale la care este supus remorca;
ntinderea permanent a remorcii, pentru a se evita ruperea acesteia.
303) Care din regulile urmtoare privind marul cu nava la remorc NU este corect?
Se va evita pe ct posibil remorcajul pe lng coast, n special cnd vntul bate dinspre larg;
Dac remorcherul trebuie s ntoarc, nava remorcat trebuie s orienteze crma n bordul
ntoarcerii pentru a slbi parma de remorcaj i astfel a nlesni ntoarcerea;
Mrirea vitezei pe timpul marului se va realiza din nod n nod;
n zone cu cureni puternici se va naviga, n limita posibilitilor, perpendicular pe curent.
304) Care din urmtoarele msuri de siguran pe timpul remorcajului maritim NU este corect?
Aprinderea luminilor, ridicarea semnelor i darea semnalelor de remorcaj, conform COLREG;
Nu se va recurge la variaii mari ale vitezei de remorcaj;
Schimbrile de drum vor fi pe ct posibil limitate;
Pe timpul remorcajului nu se va mai modifica lungimea parmei de remorcaj.
305) Ce se intelege prin reperare?
Observarea supravietuitorilor sau a ambarcatiunilor de salvare
Determinarea pozitiei supravietuitorilor sau a ambarcatiunilor de salvare
Determinarea teoretica a pozitiei supravietuitorilor sau ambarcatiunilor de salvare
Localizarea mijloacelor de salvare n deriv
306) Lansarea plutelor de salvare se face prin:
Degajare libera
lansare automata
inlaturarea dispozitivului de siguranta si aruncarea plutei la apa
inlaturarea dispozitivului de siguranta
307) Costumul hidrotermic este:
Un costum ce nu permite intrarea apei
Un costum de protectie ce reduce pierderile de caldura ale corpului unei persoane afundata in
apa rece
Un costum imblanit
Un costum de scafandru
308) Barca de urgenta este:
Barca destinata pentru a salva persoanele aflate in pericol si a grupa ambarcatiunile de salvare
Barca de salvare cu motor
Salupa de croaziera a navei
O ambarcatiune speciala destinata pescuirii persoanelor cazute in mare
Unu
SOLAS nu prevede expres
315) Transponderele radar se depoziteaza:
In barcile de salvare
Pe puntea mijloacelor de salvare langa instructiunile de lansare a acestora
In comanda de navigatie
In asa fel incat sa poata fi rapid plasate pe orice ambarcatiune de salvare
316) Radiobalizele EPIRB COSPAS/SARSAT emit pe frecventa de:
121,5 MHz
243 MHz
406 MHz sau 406/121,5 MHz
121,5 si 406 MHz
317) Radiobalizele EPIRB se plaseaza la bord:
In barca de salvare cu motor
La puntea mijloacelor de salvare
Pe puntea de comanda afara in bordul Bd
Intr-un loc astfel incat sa poata fi rapid amplasate in orice ambarcatiune de salvare
318) Instalatia de alarmare generala se foloseste pentru:
Anunturi la bord
Adunarea pasagerilor si echipajului la locurile de adunare pentru declansarea operatiunilor
indicate de rolul de apel
Comunicatii intre compartimentele navei
Transmiterea informatiilor utile catre autoritati
319) Numarul minim al rachetelor de semnalizare depozitate pa sau langa puntea de navigatie este:
6 rachete parasuta albe si 6 rachete parasuta verzi
12 rachete parasuta rosii
6 rachete parasuta albe si 6 rachete parasuta rosii
8 rachete parasuta de culori diferite
320) Colacii de salvare trebuie sa fie fixati:
Pe suporturi fixe, pe toate puntile navei
Convectie si evaporare
338) Care este durata minima de emitere de fum cu debit uniform la plutirea in apa linistita pentru un
semnal combinat?
1 min
3 min
5 min
Cat mai mult posibil
339) Care este inaltimea maxima de lansare la apa a unei plute normale incat atat pluta cat si
echipamentul ei sa poata fi folosite in conditii normale?
18 m
15 m
20 m
12 m
340) Care este inaltimea de la care se poate sari repetat in pluta de salvare de catre persoanele ce se
ambarca atat cu / cat si fara cort ridicat?
3m
2,5 m
6m
4,5 m
341) Care este viteza de remorcare in apa calma, pentru o pluta de salvare complet incarcata si
echipata?
2,5 Nd
3 Nd
3,5 Nd
4 Nd
342) Care este greutatea maxima totala a unei plute de salvare a containerului si echipamentului, care
nu se lanseaza cu un dispozitiv de lansare aprobat?
90 Kg
120 Kg
165 Kg
185 Kg
3,5 m
4m
349) Cate din compartimentele plutelor gonflabile pot fi avariate fara a diminua capacitatea plutei?
Un compartiment
50% din compartimente
25% din compartimente
2 compartimente diametral opuse
350) O barca de salvare trebuie sa poata fi lansata la apa cand nava este in mars cu o viteza maxima
de:
3 Nd
4 Nd
4,5 Nd
5 Nd
351) Inaltimea maxima de cadere libera in apa ce poate fi suportata de o barca de salvare complet
echipata si cu persoane la bord este de:
2,5 m
3,5 m
3m
4,5 m
352) Suprafetele pe care merg persoanele in barcile de salvare trebuiesc acoperite cu:
Vopsea
Podele de lemn
Gratare de lemn
Material antiderapant
353) Ce tip de motoare sunt aprobate pentru propulsia barcii de salvare
Cu aprindere prinscanteie
Cu aprindere prin compresie
Cu aburi
Electric
354) Care este temperatura minima si timpul necesar de start al motorului barcii de salvare?
360) Care este cantitatea minima de apa ce trebuie sa existe pentru fiecare membru al barcii de
salvare?
3 litri de fiecare persoana autorizata sa transporte
3 litri de fiecare persoana autorizata sa transporte din care 1 litru poate fi inlocuit de un aparat
de desalinizare
3,5 litri de persoana
Oricat este posibil dar nu mai putin de 3 litri
361) Materialele pirotehnice necesare barcii de salvare sunt:
4 rachete parasuta, 6 facle de mana si un semnal fumigen
4 rachete parasuta, 8 facle de mana si 2 semnale fumigene
4 rachete parasuta, 6 facle de mana si 2 semnale fumigene portocalii
In functie de capacitatea barcii de salvare
362) Numarul colacilor de salvare cu saula de 30 metrii pentru fiecare barca de salvare trebuie sa fie:
Unu
Doi
In functie de capacitatea barcii
SOLAS nu prevede expres
363) Mijloacele de protectie termica necesare in barca de salvare trebuie sa asigure:
Minim 10% din numarul autorizat de persoane
Minim 15% din numarul autorizat de persoane
Minim 20% din numarul autorizat de persoane
In functie de capacitatea barcii si la discretia Administratiei
364) Numele navei si portul de inregistrare se inscriu pe barca de salvare:
La prova, vizibil de sus
La prova in fiecare bord cu litere latine, vizibil de sus
La pupa navei, pe fiecare bord
Pe tenda de acoperire a barcii vizibil de sus
365) Numarul de aparate de lansare a bandulei la bordul unei nave trebuie sa fie de:
Doua
Trei
Patru
377) Zona Maritima A1 este zona in care comunicatiile sunt acoperite de:
Cel putin o statie radiotelefonica de coasta VHF
Cel putin o statie radiotelefonica de coasta VHF care sa asigure continu alertarea DSC VHF
O statie radiotelefonica de coasta si o statie mobila maritima
Minim 3 statii radiotelefonicede coasta cu alertare continua DSC
378) Zona Maritima A2 este zona in care comunicatiile sunt acoperite de cel putin:
O statie VHF cu alertare continua DSC
O statie Radio in Medie frecventa fara alertare DSC
O statie radiotelefonica de coasta in medie frecventa cu alertare continua DSC MF
O statie radiotelefonica de coasta in unde scurte cu DSC
379) Zona Maritima A3 este zona in care comunicatiile sunt acoperite de cel putin:
O statie radiotelefonica de coasta VHF cu alertare DSC si o statie de Medie frecventa
O statie radiotelefonica de coasta in Medie frecventa cu alertare DSC si o statie pentru unde
scurte cu alertare DSC
Un satelit geostationar INMARSAT in care se asigura alertare continua prin satelit
Un satelit INMARSAT, o statie de coasta in Medie frecventa si o statie de coasta VHF
380) Cerintele SOLAS pentru nave in ceeace priveste transmiterea mesajelor de pericol de la nava la
coasta sunt:
Cel putin 2 mijloace separate independente fiecare folosind un serviciu diferit de
radiocomunicatii
O radiobaliza EPIRB si o statie radiotelegrafica de medie frecventa
O radiobaliza EPIRB si un radiotelefon fix cu DSC
O radiobaliza EPIRB, un telex INMARSAT si un radiotelefon cu DSC
381) Statia radio a navei va fi marcata cu:
Indicativul de apel al navei
Codul IMMS
Indicativul de apel, codul IMMS si numarul de telex / satelit
Indicativul de apel, identitatea statiei, si cu alte coduri pentru operarea statiei radio
382) Comanda canalelor VHF trebuie sa fie asigurata din urmatoarele puncte ale puntii de navigatie:
In apropierea pozitiei de guvernare
In ambele borduri
Prin folosirea echipamentului portabil din orice punct
In apropierea pozitiei de guvernare si cand este necesar de pe partile laterale ale puntii de
navigatie
383) Sistemul GMDSS corespunzator Zonei Maritime A4 trebuie sa asigure:
Legatura cu orice punct al globului
Comunicatii cu intregul glob mai putin zonele polare
Receptia si transmiterea apelurilor de pericol din/spre orice statie terestra si Maritima mobila
Comunicatii nava-nava
384) DSC VHF transmite alerte de primejdie pe canalul :
VHF / CH.16
VHF / CH.70
VHF / CH.6
VHF / CH.13
385) Termenul EPIRB semnifica:
Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon
Nava in pericol
Apel fals de pericol pe mare
Nava in pericol ce-si transmite pozitia
386) n cadrul pregtirilor pentru abandonarea navei ntr-o perioad de timp delimitat, ofierul de
cart va stabili:
Poziia navei, coordonatele sale, ruta cea mai apropiat de navigaie a brcilor de salvare;
Coordonatele navei, direcia pn la rmul spre care se pot ndrepta mijloacele de salvare,
numrul mijloacelor de salvare;
Poziia navei, coordonatele sale, ruta cea mai apropiat de navigaie a brcilor de salvare,
numrul brcilor de salvare;
Poziia navei, direcia pn la rmul spre care se pot ndrepta mijloacele de salvare sau ruta
cea mai apropiat de navigaie.
387) Semnalul ABANDONAI NAVA se va transmite:
Atunci cnd se constat c scufundarea navei se poate produce;
De ctre ofierul de cart;
Atunci cnd exist riscul scufundrii navei;
Numai la ordinul comandantului navei, cnd exist certitudinea unei scufundri rapide a navei.