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Coatings Knowledge, Basic Paint Technology - HMG Paints Limited

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Basic Paint Technology


Coatings are mixtures of raw materials, each of which are manufactured to give certain properties.
Basically, the coating is made up of 4 types of raw materials.

The 4 Components of Surface Coatings


1.
2.
3.
4.

Article Information
Article number: CNB0004
Issue date: 01 August 2009
Article Products

Pigment
Resin / Binder (also known as vehicle, medium, film former, polymer)
Additives
Solvent

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1. Pigment
A fine powdered solid particle that is dispersed in the paint.
Function:
Optical Properties (colour, opacity, gloss reduction, reflectivity)
Durability & Protective Properties (UV resistance, corrosion inhibition, biocidal activity)
Pigments can be divided into 4 types:
1. Coloured Pigment
Insoluble and provide permanent colour
2. Dyes

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3. Extender
Inorganic filler that imparts various properties to the coating. Properties include; flow,
degree of gloss, anti-settling properties, mechanical strength, hardness and thixotropy.
Examples: Barytes, China Clay, Mica, Talc.
4. Anti-corrosive Pigment
Prevent corrosion of metals by chemical and electrochemical means
Example: Zinc Phosphate, Red Lead, Zinc Chromate
2. Resin / Binder
A liquid or solid material that binds together the pigment particles, in order to form a continuous
film, which will contribute to the overall resistance of the coating.
Resins are predominant in determining the principle characteristics of the coating, both physically
and chemically. Coatings are generally named after their resins component, for example:
Polyurethane
Epoxy
Nitrocellulose
Alkyd
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3/25/2014

Coatings Knowledge, Basic Paint Technology - HMG Paints Limited

Acrylic
Acrylic Emulsions
Vinyl Emulsions

Technical Advice Phoneline

Resins used in coatings manufacture, fall into 2 classes (convertible & non-convertible) depending
on how they form a film. This change of state is also known as drying.
1. Convertible Coatings
Form films that will not re-dissolve in their original solvent and are characterised by
undergoing a chemical change when drying.
Generic Types of resins in this category include:
1. Oil Modified Alkyd Resins dry by oxidation
2. 2K Epoxy Resins dry by chemical cure
3. 2K Polyurethane Resins - dry by chemical cure
4. Moisture Cured Polyurethane Resins dry by water absorption
2. Non-Convertible Coatings
Form films that will re-dissolve in their original solvent. Drying is simply effected by the
evaporation of solvent, with physical dry being achieved without any chemical change
taking place.
Generic Types of resins in this category include:
1. Chlorinated Rubber Resins
2. Vinyl Resins
3. Cellulose Derivatives
3. Additives
Term used to cover the minor addition of specialised raw materials that impart specific properties
to the coating.
Typical groups of additives include:
1. Aids to Manufacture
Dispersants
1. Aids to Shelf Life
Anti Skin
Preservatives
1. Aids to Application
Flow Promoters
Anti Static Agents
1. Aids to Film Formation
Anti Float Agents
1. Aids to Film Curing
Driers
Catalysts
1. Others
Optical Brighteners
Fire Retardants
Slip Additives
UV Absorbers

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Coatings Knowledge, Basic Paint Technology - HMG Paints Limited

Bactericides
Anti-Foul Additives
4. Solvent
A liquid that facilitates application, by carrying the other components onto the substrate to be
coated.
The function of solvents is to dissolve the resin and reduce its viscosity to a suitable level for
application. Numerous solvent are used in the manufacture of coatings, each of which has
different properties and characteristics. Considerations on solvent choice include; toxicity,
volatility, flammability, odour and legislative impact.
Examples:
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: White Spirit
Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Toluene, Xylene
Ketones: Acetone, Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Alcohol: Iso Propanol
Esters: Butyl Acetate
Solvents can be described in 3 ways:
1. True Solvents
A liquid that will infinitely dissolve or is completely compatible with a resin
2. Latent Solvent
A liquid that is not a True Solvent. However, when mixed with a True Solvent, the mix will
provide stronger dissolving properties than the True Solvent alone.
3. Diluent Solvent
A liquid which is not a True Solvent. Normally the resin will only tolerate limited amounts
of the diluent. Normally used as a blend with True / Latent solvents to reduce the cost.

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