Grade 10 Optics Unit Test Review

Date of test: Tuesday March 8 / Wednesday March 9

Make sure you review the following topics for the test:
Properties of light:
Light is a form of energy, that travels in straight lines
Visible light is a very small part of the electromagnetic(EM) spectrum for all
parts of the EM spectrum, the wave length is indirectly proportional to the
frequency ex a SHORT wavelenth has a HIGH frequency and therefore a lot of
energy, such as x-rays (see diagram in your notes)

Different types of light:

Incandescent (regular) vs Fluorescent bulbs the efficiency and advantage of
each type ex.how much energy goes into producing light vs heat
Phosphorescence, chemiluminescence and bioluminescence
Law of Reflection:
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. Know some factors
that could result in these NOT being the same, while performing an experiment.
With a plane surface mirror, know the relationship between the object mirror
distance and the image mirror distance
Image characteristics:
Use the acronym SALT or LOST to describe the resulting image in a mirror or a
lens
REAL image is formed when reflected rays meet *it would appear on a screen
VIRTUAL image is formed when reflected rays do NOT meet and the rays must
be extended back
Mirrors:
Concave (converging) mirrors reflecting surface curves INward
Convex (diverging) mirrors reflecting surface curves OUTward
Uses for some of these: security (in stores), parking lots (to increase visibility),
entertainment (in fun houses) and my favourite (make up mirror)
Be familiar with the anatomy of a mirror principal axis, focal point (F), centre of
curvature (C) as well as the 3 principal rays that are used to determine image location
Lenses:
Same info as mirrors, for diagrams the major difference is that the light rays travel
through, of course, there is an optical centre that the light rays are drawn through, and
the real image is produced on the opposite side of the lens.

Equations:
It is Physics, after all!!
1) Index of Refraction ( a ratio of speeds of light in air: another medium)
2) Magnification equation
3) Thin lens equation
The equations will all be provided for you. Do NOT take short cuts, or it will cost you
BIG marks. Write out Given, Required, Analysis (equation: make sure you rearrange it
first, if necessary, before plugging in the numbers), Solution
*Know the speed of light in a vacuum (air)
Partial Reflection and Refraction & Total Internal Reflection(TIR):
Think of the semi-circular prism lab investigation: Light travelled from one medium to
another, so some light reflected and some refracted When the incident angle causes
the refracted light to exit at 90 degrees, this is called the critical angle. The size of the
critical angle depends on the indices of refraction of the 2 media.
When the incident angle is greater than the critical angle, no more refraction occurs, only
TIR
The Human Eye and Lens Technologies:
Be able to label a diagram of the human eye, with the main structures you may be
given the function and have to label the part. Be familiar with the cornea (where I got
scratched, twice, and where the most light is refracted, the retina which contains light
sensitive cells called rods and cones, the pupil, the iris, the lens and the optic nerve
(which gives us a blind spot in each eye)
Myopia: near-sightedness You CAN see near, you have difficulty seeing far, since the
image is focused in front of the retina ** lens-retina distance usually too large
Hyperopia: far-sightedness You CAN see far, you have difficulty seeing close up,
since the image is focused behind the retina ** lens-retina distance usually too small
Presbyopia: a form of far-sightedness, caused by a loss of accommodation (lens
doesnt change shape as easily) since it is getting older like moi!!
Astigmatism: the most common vision problem due to an irregularly shaped cornea,
resulting in blurred vision, headaches, eye strain
Other optics technologies and how they have impacted society and made our lives
better think of the class presentations