INJECTION of CO2 GAS

WHAT IS IT.? ..?

CO2 gas or injection is often also referred to as the injection CO2 gas mixed with a number of injecting CO2 gas into the reservoir through the injection wells so that the oil can be left behind.
WHAT THE REASON IS. ...?
1. PRICES AND DEMAND FOR OIL CONTINUES TO RISE.
2. GLOBAL WARMING DUE To CO2 POLLUTION

One of the latest and environmentally friendly methods that was developed to reduce the levels of concentration of CO2adalah by way of injection into the layers of the Earth. In this way, better known by the term CO2Sequestration
or CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS). CCS method is very suitable for applied on an industrial scale that generates waste disposal of CO2 in large quantities. In this method, CO2 is not dumped directly into a layer of the atmosphere,
but channeled through pipes to be injected into the layers of the Earth. Purpose is to make the CO2 trapped in the pore rock cavity-cavity in quite a long time, hundreds and even thousands of years.
HOW TO DO. ...?
The basic mechanism of the injection of CO2 is CO2 mix with fluid and form new oil more easily under pressure from oil reservoir at the beginning. The process of implementation is the same as on other EOR processes, by injecting
CO2 gas which has a number of planned through injection wells, then the oil out through a well manufactured production.

THE MECHANISM DETAILS....?

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In this implementation, the CO2 gas to be injected can be done in several ways, as follows:
CO2 Injection continuously during the project progress.
Carbonate Water Injection (injection of CO2 followed slug of water).
A slug of liquid CO2 by followed by water (CO2 and water slug Injection interchangeably).
The existence of CO2 by liquid slug that followed the injection of water and CO2 (CO2 Injection and water simultaneously).
For gas brought by continuously injecting CO2 into the reservoir then the expected CO2 dissolves in the oil can and reduce the viescocity, can increase the density (up to a certain stage, which was then followed by a decrease
in the density), can develop the volume of oil and refraction oil, partly so that the oil will be more distressed, out of the porous media.
For the second way, which is to inject carbonate water into the reservoir? Actual water carbonate is a mixture of water with CO2 gas (the reaction CO2 + H20) thus forming a carbonate is used as a water injection project in
CO2 flooding. The main goal is to place a better mixing of the oil so that it will reduce the viscosity of the oil as well as develop a portion of oil volume and thus the sweep would be better.
At the third way, which forms a slug barrier from CO2 then followed the driving fluid as water? Just like how the first and second, the creation of this slug for more can mix CO2kedalam gas oil, then due to the water that
serves as the catalyst then expected the imposition of efficiency would be better.
For the fourth way is actually the same with the third way but here's more fluid use CO2 to further dissolve the oil after the sweep against the imposition process oil, then the oil that has been swept away and will be
manufactured through production wells.

Advantages and disadvantages of CO2 Injection

The use of CO2 for enhanced oil earnings started to attract a lot of attention since the 1950s.
There are several reasons (the main advantage), so do the injection of CO2, namely:
1. Injection of CO2 lowers the viscosity of the oil and develops.
2. Forming fluid mixed with oil due to extraction, evaporation and removal of Cromatologi.
3. Injection of CO2 acting as solution-gas drive though the fluid doesn't mix perfectly.
4. The surface of the fluid mix (miscible front) if defective will improve.
5. The CO2 will be mixed with oil that has been transformed into a fraction of C2-C6.
6. The CO2 dissolves easily in water causes the water to expand and make it be somewhat tart.
7. Mmiscibility is above 1500 psi pressure on some of the reservoir.
8. CO2 is harmless substances, gases, which are not easily explode and do not cause environmental problems if lost to the atmosphere in a relatively small amount.
9. CO2 can be obtained from the exhaust gases or from the reservoir containing CO2.
While some lack of CO2 injection is the following:
1. The solubility of CO2 in water may raise the required volume of subs mixed with oil.
2. The low Viscosity of any non CO2 gas pressure to low reservoir would cause the transpiration earlier at the well sweep efficiency thus reducing production.
3. After the mixed fluid viscosity oil is formed, is lower than on oil reservoir causing fingering and transpiration are not timed. To reduce the fingering then needed injection of slug water.
4. CO2 with water will form a very corrosive acid carbonic.
5. Alternative Injection of CO2 and water slug requires dual injection system and this will add to the cost and complexity of the system.
6. It takes a large amount of injection (5 10 MCF of gas to produce one STB of oil).
7. The source of CO2 is usually not obtained available adjacent to the CO2 injection project that requires plumbing within that long.
WHERE THE SOURCE OF GAS RESERVES AND JUST ABOUT ANYTHING THAT AFFECTS THIS SUCCESS
Natural sources of CO2 is the promise, whether that comes from wells that produce relatively pure CO2 gas or that comes from a plant processing gas hydrocarbons that contain a lot of CO2 as contaminants.
The other source is a collection of gas (gas stack) of burning coal (coal fired). Another alternative is the gas that is released from factories of ammonia. Some of the excess resources are:
Factories of ammonia and oil field which can be erected adjacent
Quantity of CO2 from each source can be known
CO2 Gas released from factories of ammonia tends to be collected in an industrial area that is available
Do not require purification, because CO2 has acquired 98% purity
The success of a project depends on CO2:
1. Characteristics of oil
2. Contact reservoir Section effectively
3. The pressure is normal
4. The availability and the cost of providing gas CO2