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ANOVA Gauge R&R (or ANOVA Gauge Repeatability & Reproducibility) is a Measurement
Systems Analysis technique which uses Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) random effects model to
assess a measurement system.
The evaluation of a measurement system is not limited to gauges (or gages) but to all types of
measuring instruments and test methods.
Contents
1 Purpose
2 How to perform a Gauge R&R
4 External References
5 See also
Purpose
ANOVA Gauge R&R measures the amount of variability induced in measurements that comes
from the measurement system itself and compares it to the total variability observed to determine
the viability of the measurement system. There are several components affecting a measurement
system including:
Measuring instruments, the gauge or instrument itself and all mounting blocks,
supports, fixtures, load cells etc. The machine ease of use, sloppiness among mating
parts, "zero" blocks are examples of sources of variation in the measurement system;
Operators (people), the ability and/or discipline of a person to follow the written or
verbal instructions.
Test methods, how to setup your devices, how to fixture your parts, how to record the
data, etc.
Parts (what is being measured), some items are easier to measure than others. A
measurement system may be good for measuring steel block length but not for measuring
rubber pieces.
Repeatability, the ability of the device to provide consistent results. It is a measure of the
variability induced by the system if the same operator measured the same part using the
same device repeatedly.
Anova Gauge R&R is an important tool within the Six Sigma methodology, and is also a
requirement for Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) documentation.
they are. The 10x2x2 (10 parts, 2 operators, 2 repetitions) is common, although it has very few
degrees of freedom for the operator component.
Need only one GRR per family of gauges. It is usual to say "There is an acceptable
GRR for this caliper". This statement is false, as a GRR is for the measurement system,
which includes the part, specification, operator and method. As an example, measuring a
steel block with a caliper may be achieved with a good precision, but the same caliper
may not be suitable to measure soft rubber parts that may deform while it is being
measured.
The GRR will not pass using parts, so it has to be done with standard weights and
blocks. The GRR done in this way will assess the precision while measuring standard
weights. The device might not be suitable to measure that specific type of parts. If the
part "changes" while being measured, this has to be counted as a measurement system
error.
GRRs must be within 10% to pass. There are AIAG guidelines for GRR errors relative
to the specification, and what to report on a PPAP process. The final call is between the
supplier and customer, and it is a function of the criticality of the characteristic and the
assessed measurement error. GRR is a tool that helps making this assessment, but it does
not gives you the answer.