Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PERFURAO DIRECIONAL
PERFURAO DIRECIONAL
er
gu
ho
da
Fo
rm
Desvio Natural
Correo Direcional
Alvo
Vertical
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
PERFURAO DIRECIONAL
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
/MGOSJJ4SMRX/34
8EVKIX
*MWL
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Terminologia Bsica
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
MERIDIANO CENTRAL
42
39
EQUADOR
36
GRID PROJECTION
N
GN
Grid North
(West of True North)
TN
TN
GN
E
Grid North
(East of True North)
Meridian of Longitude
TN -TRUE NORTH
GN -GRID NORTH
Rings of Latitude
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
D = ( n1 n2 ) 2 + ( e1 e2 ) 2
Direo = Arctg
e1 e 2
n1 n2
N = 8.609.755,00 m
E =
540.357,00 m
Afastamento = 200,08 m
Direo = S 48,27 W
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
B & H Tipo I
S Tipo II
J Tipo III
Under Cut Seo Negativa
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
= Sen .
-1
V1
(H 3 - R )2 + (V3 - V1 )2
M1 R
V2
V3
L
H2
V2 = V1 + R . Sen H 2 = R . 1 - Cos
q
R
M2
R =
180 . 30
. BUR
L = R . rad
V - V2
M3 = M2 + 3
Cos
M 2 = V1 + R . rad
H3
Perfurao Direcional - Acg
H - R
+ Tan -1 3
V3 - V1
p/
/ 30 m
R=
180 . 100
. BUR
p/
/ 100 ft
M3
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Nf
/2
/2
Nf
Npeso
/2
/2
Nresultante
Npeso
F
Curva (Ganho de Inclinao)
Perfurao Direcional - Acg
F
Curva (Perda de Inclinao)
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Poos Horizontais
RAIO LONGO
RAIO MDIO
RAIO INTERM.
BUR = 30 a 60/30m
R = 58 a 29 m
RAIO CURTO
BUR = 60 a 200/30m
R = 29 a 9 m
BUR = 8 a 30/30m
R = 214 a 58 m
BUR = 2 a 8/30m
R = 860 a 214 m
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
0
100
Rev. 20"
125
200
250
300
Rev.13 3/8"
375
32
50
875
315
0
305
0
2950
2850
2750
2650
2550
2450
2350
2250
2100
1950
1850
1750
1650
1550
1450
1300
1350
Rev. 9 5/8"
1200
750
110
0
100
0
625
900
800
500
700
0
50
60
0
Rev. 7"
1000
0
125
250
375
500
625
750
875
1000
1125
1250
1375
1500
1625
1750
1875
2000
2125
2250
2375
2500
2625
2750
2875
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Reach/TVD Ratio
1.0 - Conventional Directional Drilling (Nom-ERD)
2.0 -
Extended-Reach Drilling
3.0 -
0
100
Rev. 20"
125
200
250
300
Rev.13 3/8"
375
32
50
875
315
0
305
0
2950
2850
2750
2650
2550
2450
2350
2250
2100
1950
1850
1750
1650
1550
1450
1300
1350
Rev. 9 5/8"
1200
750
110
0
100
0
625
900
800
500
700
0
50
60
0
Rev. 7"
1000
0
125
250
375
500
625
750
875
1000
1125
1250
1375
1500
1625
1750
1875
2000
2125
2250
2375
2500
2625
2750
2875
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
(m)
(m
)
0
125 000
1
750 0
0
No 5 250
rth
-2
-50 50
0
-7
-10 50
-12 00
50
-1 5
-17 0 0
50
-2
-22 000
50
-2
-27 500
50
-3
-32 000
50
-3
-37 500
50
-4
0
Pilot Hole
-25 00
-42 000
-5 50-45 50
00
-7
st
Final
Wellbore
0
50
0
75
0
10
00
12
50
15
00
17
50
20
00
22
50
Ea
25
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Poos Multilaterais
A perfurao de poos multilaterais obedece uma tcnica que visa a perfurao de poos sob a
forma de ramificaes, a partir de um poo principal, considerado o eixo do sistema. Podem ser
usados em poos novos ou reentradas em poos ja perfurados que estavam em vias de serem
abandonados.
Cased, Cemented
Parent Wellbore
Target Zone
Target Zone
Target Zone
DYNA DRILL
Target Zone
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Poos Multilaterais
A perfurao de poos multilaterais obedece uma tcnica que visa a perfurao de poos sob a
forma de ramificaes, a partir de um poo principal, considerado o eixo do sistema. Podem ser
usados em poos novos ou reentradas em poos ja perfurados que estavam em vias de serem
abandonados.
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
- ngulo Mdio
IAVG =
A AVG =
I1 + I2
2
A1 + A 2
2
Inclinao (I)
Azimute (A)
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
- Mnimo Cuvatura
A trajetria do poo entre duas estaes considerada curva. O mtodo conduz a resultados muito
precisos. O ngulo definido chamado de ngulo de dogleg. o ngulo no espao formado por
dois vetores tangentes trajetria do poo em dois pontos em considerao, isto , pontos 1 e 2.
= DL
RF =
tan
MD
2
North =
MD
2
Vert =
MD
[ cos I1 + cos I2 ] RF
2
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
DLS =
(I 1 ) + (I 2 )
2
- 2 . I 1 . I 2 . Cos (A 1 A 2 )
. 30
MD
Registro Direcional #1
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
- Formao de chavetas.
Drillpipe Tracionado
Drillpipe Tracionado
Fora
Lateral
----------Driilpipe Tracionado
Fora
Lateral
Antes da Chaveta
Revestimento
Chaveta
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
- Formao de chavetas.
- Aumento do desgaste do revestimento durante a perfurao
- Fadiga na coluna devido esforos cclicos de flexo.
0
In corrosive environments, reduce
dogleg severity to a fraction
(0.6 for very severe
conditions) of the
indicated value
100
Region of
No Fatigue
Damage
200
300
Region of
Fatigue Damage
400
4 1/2 in., 16.6 lb/ft
(approximate* weight = 18.9 lb/ft)
6-in. Tool Joints
500
600
700
0
3
4
2
Dogleg Severity, /100 ft
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
- Formao de chavetas.
- Aumento do desgaste do revestimento durante a perfurao
- Fadiga na coluna devido esforos cclicos de flexo.
- Dificuldade de descida das ferramentas de perfilagem.
+
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Radius (ft)
2@8
8 @ 30
30 @ 60
60 @ 200
2825 @ 716
716 @ 191
191 @ 95
95 @ 28
Long
Medium
Intermediate
Short
4 1/2
5 7/8
4 3/4
6 5/8
7 7/8
8 1/2
8 5/8
9 5/8
9 7/8
5 1/2
6 1/8
6 1/2
7 7/8
7 5/8
7 3/4
8 5/8
9 5/8
9 7/8
8 3/4
9 1/2
10 5/8
12 1/4
10 3/4
11 3/4
11 7/8
13 3/8
14
Radius (ft)
12 @ 25
10 @ 18
8 @ 14
478 @ 229
573 @ 318
716 @ 409
6 @ 6 3/4"
8 1/2"
12 1/4"
Radius (ft)
57 @ 115
64 @ 143
72 @ 191
100 @ 50
90 @ 40
80 @ 30
6 @ 6 3/4"
4 3/4"
3 3/4"
10 5/8
12 1/4
14 1/2
14 3/4
16
17 1/2
11 3/4
11 7/8
13 3/8
14
16
18 5/8
20
14 1/2
14 3/4
17 1/2
20
24
26
16
Standard
* O mximo BUR depende da capacidade de gerao de DLS das ferramentas
defletoras e dos limites de resistncias dos materiais das ferramentas.
(requer anlise de fadiga e anlise triaxial)
Low Clearance
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
TOTCO
- Registra somente de Inclinao
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Desvantagens:
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Desvantagens:
Limitaes a LCM.
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Desvantagens:
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Direcional
Resistividade
Densidade
Azimutal
Neutrao
Termal
Snico
Presso
Ressonncia
Magntica
Telemetria
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Direcional
Famlia
Resistividade
Densidade
Azimutal
Neutrao
Termal
Categoria
Snico
Mnemnico
Perfurao
Direcional
MEP/DEP/PCD/DM/PM
Inclinao Broca
ABI
Vibrao
DDS
Presso Anular
PWD
Presso
Ressonncia
Magntica
Telemetria
4 "
6 "
8"
9 "
121mm
171mm
203mm
241mm
Resistivos
EWR4
Eletromagntico
Lateral
EWR-M5
AFR
DGR
Raios Gama
ABG-GP
Nucleares
Radioativos
AGR-M5
SLD
Densidade
ALD
CNf
CTN
ACAL
Acsticos
Snico
BAT
Presso
GEOTAP
Ressonncia Magntica
MRIL-WD
by Carlos Naupari
Neutro
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Direcional
Resistividade
Densidade
Azimutal
Neutrao
Termal
Snico
PERFIL
FINALIDADE
Gamma Ray
Resistividade
Identificao do fluido
Snico
Calibrao Ssmica
Presso
Ressonncia
Magntica
Telemetria
MNEMNICO OPERAO
DGR
EWR-P4
BAT-Sonic
Memria
Tempo Real e Memria
Neutro
Porosidade Litologia
CTN
Densidade
Porosidade Litologia
SLD
Densidade Azimutal
ALD
Ressonncia
Magntica
Petrofsica
MRIL-WD
Cliper Acstico
PWD
Geo Tap
ACAL
PWD
GEO TAP
Memria
Tempo Real e Memria
Tempo Real
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Mtodos de Deflexo
Whipstock (Poo Aberto): O whipstock uma cunha de ao
temperado com a extremidade em forma de ponta, com uma
ranhura cncova que guia a broca do whipstock (menor do que a
broca de perfurao) de encontro parede do poo. O whipstock
anexado coluna de perfurao atravs de um pino de
cisalhamento (shear pin), que cisalhado aps ter sido feita a sua
orientao dentro do poo. Depois que um rat hole de +/-6m
perfurado, a coluna deve ser trocada e um hole opener descido.
O rat hole ento alargado e uma coluna de build-up descida
para se obter mais alguma inclinao.
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Mtodos de Deflexo
Jateamento.(Jetting) Quando a formao muito mole, este
sistema de deflexo pode ser usado. Brocas tricnicas so usadas
na operao, com um ou dois dos jatos maiores que o terceiro. A
fora hidrulica lava o poo na direo em que a vazo maior,
permitindo a deflexo do mesmo.
- O jato maior orientado na direo desejada. A eroso lateral
provocada pela energia hidrulica da lama faz com que a coluna
de perfurao sem rotao deslize no poo recm perfurado pela
ao do fluido. Aps 1 a 2 metros terem sido perfurados
(jateando/deslizando), a coluna girada para perfurar um trecho
entre 6 a 7 metros onde efetuado um registro direcional para
avaliar o ltimo trecho jateado. Se necessrio outro trecho
perfurado utilizando-se o jateamento. O sucesso do emprego
dessa tcnica depende bastante da litologia da formao. A grande
limitao do mtodo que normalmente o KOP deve estar a
pequena profundidade.
.
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Mtodos de Deflexo
Motores de Deslocamento Positivo (PDM) um motor hidrulico
movido pelo fluxo do fluido de perfurao que passa pelo seu interior e
conectado imediatamente acima da broca para transmitir torque e
rotao mesma. A deflexo pode ser obtida atravs de um sub torto
(bent sub) posicionado acima do motor durante a perfurao orientada
(sem rotao/deslizando) ou atravs da deflexo no prprio corpo
(bent housing) do motor, os motores com bent housing conhecidos
com Steerable podem serem utilizados para perfurao orientada
(sem rotao/deslizando) ou perfurao rotativa. Quando associados a
um conjunto de medio contnua sem cabo ( MWD ), formam o que
chamamos de STEERABLE SYSTEMS.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Mtodos de Deflexo
--------------Dump Valve
Assembly
-------------Power Section
Rotor / Stator
O rotor e estator tem similar perfil helicoidal, mas o rotor tem um espiral
a menos do que o estator. O rotor e estator forma um selo (vedao) nos
pontos de contato ao longo de uma linha reta, na qual produz um nmero
de cavidades (espaos ocos) independentes. Quando o fludo forado
atravs dessas cavidades progressivas, o mesmo causa a rotao do
rotor dentro do estator.
--------------Transmission
Unit
--------------Bearing Section
Assembly
Power Section
Rotor / Stator
----------Stabilizer
------------Bit Sub
7/8
5/6
4/5
2/3
1/2
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Eficincia do PDM
A eficincia do motor, relaciona a potncia hidrulica (vazo / presso) fornecida ao motor, com a potncia
Eficincia =
rpm
180
9000 12,202
160
8000 10,846
450 gal/min (1704 L/min)
7000
9490
6000
8134
5000
6779
4000
5423
3000
4067
40
2000
3490
20
1000
1356
120
300 gal/min (1136 L/min)
100
80
e
r qu
o
T
60
psi
bar
0
0
100
7
200
14
300
21
400
28
Pressure
Perfurao Direcional - Acg
-----------------------------------------------
10,000 13,557
140
rpm
N m
500
34
600
41
700
48
TxS
5252
200
Sada
Potncia Mec.
=
Entrada Potncia Hidra.
S = rotao (rpm)
-----------------------------------------------
Q x P
1714
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Mtodos de Deflexo
Rotary Steerable System (RSS) uma ferramenta defletora que conectada imediatamente acima
da broca, na qual permite a alterao com taxa controlada na trajetria do poo em qualquer direo e
inclinao, sem que seja necessrio parar a rotao da coluna.
Basicamente so classificadas de dois modos:
# Quanto ao modo de atuao:
DLS fixo
DLS varivel
Capacidade de gerao de
....DLS altos.
Maior micro-tortuosidade do
...que o sistema point the bit.
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
(Schlumberger - PowerDrive)
Non-rotating
Sleeve
Static
Control
Valve
Actuator
Deviation
Direction
Deviation
Direction
Rotating
Shaft
Rotating Housing
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Cantilever
antilever
ntilever
tilever
ilever
lever
ever
ver
err bearingg
Ecce
Eccentri
Eccentr
Eccent
Eccen
Ecce
Eccentric
r
ri
rin
ring
rings
Ref
Reference
Referenc
Referen
Refere
Refer
Refe
eference
ference
stabilizer
Outer
O
t housing
Range of movement
Focal
ocal
cal
all bearing
earing
aring
ringg
Borehole
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
20ft
Non-rotating Outer Housing
Rotary Seal
Bearings
Anti-rotation Device
Center of
Control Electronics
Focal Bearing
Eccentric Cam Unit
& Sensors
Sensor Package
Pressure
Bearings
Compensator
Rotary Seal
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Real-Time Communications
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
1960
1970
1980
PDM &
Bent Sub
Wireline
Steering Tool
MWD
D500 Single-Lobe
Motors
Multi-Lobe
Motors
Steerable
Motors
Dynamic Rotary
Steerable Tools
Static Rotary
Steerable Tools
Bent Sub
Bent Sub
Adjustable
Bent Housing
Pistons
or
Paddles
Circumferential
Forces
1990
Steerable
Motor
Well Inclination
2000
Rotary
Steerable
Systems
Survey Method
Singleshot
Steering Tool
MWD / LWD
MWD / LWD
MWD / LWD
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Bit
Point
of Tangency
\
\
J
J
Fora Lateral
na Broca
Fora Resultante
na Broca
--- Eixo do poo
Fora Lateral
STB
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
STB
STB
STB
STB
5 to 10 ft
15 - 45 ft
NB STB
NB STB
Build
Perfurao Direcional - Acg
STB
10 to 20 ft
35 to 90 ft
20 to 30 ft
STB
20 to 30 ft
Drop
Hold
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Bit
Bit
Bit
Bit
NB
Bit
30'
60'
Wear NB
1/8"
1/4"
1/8"
1/4"
40#
40#
20#
20#
WOB
WOB
WOB
WOB
DC 6.75"
DC 6.75"
DC 6.75"
DC 6.75"
build
build
build
drop
1/8"
1/4"
1/8"
1/4"
40#
40#
20#
20#
WOB
WOB
WOB
WOB
DC 7.75"
DC 7.75"
DC 7.75"
DC 7.75"
build
drop
build
drop
1/8"
1/4"
1/8"
1/4"
40#
40#
20#
20#
WOB
WOB
WOB
WOB
DC 8.00"
DC 8.00"
DC 8.00"
DC 8.00"
build
drop
drop
drop
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NB
Bit
NB
Bit
NB
Bit
NB
Bit
30'
60'
90'
build +++
build ++
build +
drop
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bit
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Bent Sub
Angle
9 5/8" PDM
Hole
Size
DLS
(/100ft)
Hole
Size
DLS
(/100ft)
Hole
Size
DLS
(/100ft)
8 1/2"
2.50
9 7/8"
2.50
13 1/2"
2.00
1 1/2
3.50
3.75
3.00
4.50
5.00
4.50
9 7/8"
1.75
10 5/8"
2.00
15"
1.75
1 1/2
3.50
2.50
3.00
3.75
4.25
3.75
2 1/2
5.00
5.5
5.00
7 3/4" PDM
10 5/8"
1.25
12 1/4"
1.75
17 1/2"
1.25
1 1/2
.2.00
2.50
2.25
3.00
3.50
3.00
2 1/2
4.00
5.00
4.50
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
ROC =
28,65
. (AB + BC )
(ft or m)
D
SPD
BUR =
200 .
AB + BC
BUR =
60 .
AB + BC
( 0 / 100 ft )
( 0 / 30 m )
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
4.12 ft
20,000
Dogleg
Severity
Bend
of Curved
Angle () Hole (/100 ft)
0.5
2.44
0.75
3.66
1
4.88
1.25
6.11
1.5
7.33
18,000
16,000
14,000
12,000
10,000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
Bent Housing Angle, deg
1.5
8.0
7.5
Build Rate, /100 ft
35 ft
7.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Hole Erosion, in.
0.4
0.5
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
4
=
S
DL
o / 30
o /30
/3
0
=
LS
LS
=
DLS
o / 30
1 - Registro Direcional
2- Registro Direcional
=====
=====
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Orientao Magntica
Norte
0
45
45
Oeste 90
90
135
Este
135
180
Sul
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
High Side
0
45 Ganho (Inclinao) / Giro (Direita)
90
90
135
180
Low Side
Max. Perda de Inclinao
Perfurao Direcional - Acg
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Ouija Board
Ferramenta de clculo que usada para determinar a performance da ferramenta defletora, baseada em
um diagrama de vetores.
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
Ouija Board
Dog Leg =
High Side
Left
+ B 2 - 2 . A . B . Cos
Right
Low Side
(A
B . Sen
= 180 - tan-1
A - B . Cos
B . Sen
= tan-1
B
.
Cos
A
Dogleg . Sen
= tan-1
A + Dogleg . Cos
B=
Perfurao Direcional - Acg
Dogleg . Sen
Sen
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY
------------------------------------------------
---- Muleshoe
Linha de orientao do PDM ------(p/ orientao com MWD)
-------- Muleshoe
---- Bent Sub
-------- Chaveta
* The contents of this presentation are for training purposes and internal use ONLY