Practice Test for AS level

Chemistry (CH 1.3 1.7)

Section A
1.

Which of these equations represents the electron affinity of chlorine?

A

Cl2(g) + 2e 2Cl(g)

Cl2(g) 2e 2Cl(g)

C
D

Cl2(g) + e Cl(g)

Cl(g) + e Cl(g)
(Total 1 mark)

2.

Which of these equations represents the second ionization of magnesium?

A

Mg+(g) Mg2+ (g) + e

Mg(g) Mg2 + (g) + 2e

Mg+(g) + e Mg2+(g)

Mg(g) + 2e Mg2+(g)
(Total 1 mark)

3.
The sketch graph below shows the trend in first ionization energies for some elements in Periods two and
three.

Select, from the elements A to D, the one that

(a)

has atoms with five p electrons.

A
B
C
D
(1)

(b)

is a member of Group 3.
A
B
C
D
(1)

(c)

is likely to be very unreactive.

A
B
C
D
(1)

(d)

normally forms four covalent bonds per atom.

A
B
C
D
(1)
(Total 4 marks)

4.

Which of these ions has the greatest ability to polarize an anion?

A

Ba2+

Ca2+

Cs+

K+
(Total 1 mark)

5.

Which of these electron density maps best represents the bonding in the compound lithium iodide, LiI?

(Total 1 mark)

6.

The equations below show some of the processes that occur when methane and chlorine react.
A

Cl2(g) 2Cl(g)

Cl(g) + CH4(g) CH3(g) + HCl(g)

CH3(g) + CH3(g) C2H6(g)

Cl2(g) + CH4(g) CH3Cl(g) + HCl(g)

(a)

Which equation shows a propagation step?

A
B
C
D
(1)

(b)

Which equation shows an initiation step?

A
B

C
D
(1)

(c)

Which equation shows a termination step?

A
B
C
D
(1)
(Total 3 marks)

7.

Which of the following mixtures could not form when octane, C8H18, is cracked?
A

propane + pentene

butane + butene

pentane + propene

heptane + ethene
(Total 1 mark)

8.

This question is about the organic compounds with skeletal formulae as shown:

(a)

Which compound is 2-methylpropane?

A
B
C
D
(1)

(b)

Which compound has the molecular formula C5H12?

A
B
C
D
(1)

(c)

(d)

Which compounds are isomers?

A

compound A and compound C

compound B and compound C

compound B and compound D

compound C and compound D

Which compound reacts with acidified potassium manganate(VII) to form a diol?

A
B
C
D

9.

Which of the following has the highest boiling temperature?

A

Pentane, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

Hexane, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

2-methylbutane, CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH3

2-methylpentane, CH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2CH3
(Total 1 mark)

Section B

1.

(a)

Pent-1-ene, CH3CH2CH2CH=CH2, polymerises in a similar manner to ethene.

(i)

Draw enough of the chain of poly(pent-1-ene) to make the structure of the polymer clear.

(2)

(ii)

Give the mechanism for the polymerisation of pent-1-ene, using a peroxide initiator ROOR
that produces RO radicals. Show only the initiation and two propagation steps.
Include the use of an appropriate type of arrow to show the movement of an electron.

(4)

(b)

Pent-1-ene reacts with hydrogen bromide to give 2-bromopentane as the major product.
(i)

Give the mechanism for this reaction.

(3)

(ii)

By considering the nature of the intermediates in this reaction, explain why the major product is
2-bromopentane rather than 1-bromopentane.
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(2)

(c)

Molecules of 2-bromopentane are chiral. If a single isomer of 2-bromopentane is reacted with

hydroxide ions, the SN1 reaction that results gives pentan-2-ol, but the product mixture shows no
optical activity.
(i)

How would you test for optical activity?

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(2)

(ii)

Explain, in terms of the reaction mechanism, why the product mixture does not show optical
activity.
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(3)
(Total 16 marks)

2.

(a)

2,2,4-trimethylpentane, C8H18, is one of the hydrocarbons present in petrol.

(i)

Draw the structural formula of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.

(1)

(ii)

To which homologous series does 2,2,4-trimethylpentane belong?

......................................................................................................................
(1)

(b)

(i)

Define the term standard enthalpy of combustion.

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(3)

(ii)

Write the equation to represent the complete combustion of butane, C4H10.

......................................................................................................................
(2)

(c)

The enthalpies of combustion of some compounds in kJ g1 and kJ cm3 are given below.
Compound

Hc /kJ g1

0.12

Butane, C4H10(g)

(i)

Hc /kJ cm3

Ethanol, C2H5OH(l)

30

21

2,2,4-trimethylpentane, C8H18(l)

48

33

The standard enthalpy of combustion of butane is 2877 kJ mol1.

Calculate the enthalpy of combustion of butane in kJ g1.

(2)

(ii)

Use the information in the table to compare the advantages and disadvantages of these three
compounds as fuels for a motor vehicle.
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(4)
(Total 13 marks)

3.

But-1-ene undergoes the following reactions:

(a)

State the reagent and conditions needed for Reaction 1.

Reagent ........................................................................................................................
Conditions ....................................................................................................................
(3)

(b)

(i)

The reagent in Reaction 2 is gaseous hydrogen bromide.

Draw the full structural formula of compound A.

(1)

(ii)

What type of reagent is hydrogen bromide in this reaction?

......................................................................................................................
(1)

(c)

Identify the reagent needed for Reaction 3.

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(d)

But-1-ene can be used to make an addition polymer.

Draw the repeating unit of the polymer.

(2)
(Total 8 marks)

4.

(i)

Draw the displayed formula of propene, C3H6.

(1)

(ii)

Draw a dot and cross diagram for propene. You should show outer shell electrons only.

(1)
(Total 2 mark)

5.

An addition polymer has the structure shown below.

CH3 H
C

CH3 H n
Give the structural formula and the name of the monomer from which this polymer is made.
Structural formula

Name .....................................................................................................................................
(Total 2 marks)

6.

(a)

Name the homologous series to which the organic compound CH2=CHCH3 belongs.
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b)

Write the structural formula of a member of the series named in (a) which contains four carbon atoms.
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 2 marks)

7.

(a)

(i)

Draw the structural formulae of the two geometric isomers of but-2-ene, C4H8.

(2)

(ii)

Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, why but-2-ene exists as two geometric isomers
whereas but-1-ene does not.
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(3)

(iii)

Draw the structural formula of another isomer with formula C4H8.

(1)

(b)

Alkenes can be used to make polymers.

(i)

Draw enough of the chain of poly(propene) to make its structure clear.

(2)

(ii)

Explain why poly(alkenes) cause problems when they are disposed of in a landfill site.
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(2)
(Total 10 marks)

6.

(a)

Define the term covalent bond.

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(2)

(b)

Nitrogen forms an oxide called nitrous oxide, N2O. The bonding in nitrous oxide can be represented
as:
N N O
Complete the diagram below for the N2O molecule using dots or crosses to represent electrons. Just
show all of the outer shell electrons.

(3)
(Total 5 marks)

7.

(a)

(i)

Name the type of bonding that exists between water molecules.

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii)

Draw a diagram to show this bonding. Use displayed formulae of two water molecules. Clearly
mark and label the bond angle between the water molecules.

(2)

(b)

(i)

Draw the boron trichloride molecule, BCl3, making its shape clear. Mark the bond angle on

your diagram.

(2)

(ii)

Explain why boron trichloride has this shape.

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(3)

(iii)

Explain why a BCl bond is polar.

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(1)

(iv) Explain why a BCl3 molecule is non-polar.

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(1)

(v)

Name the strongest intermolecular force between boron trichloride molecules.

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(1)
(Total 11 marks)

8.

(a)

The graph below shows the first ionisation energies of the elements Li, Be, and B.
Complete the graph by adding the approximate first ionisation energies of the elements C to Ne.
First ionisation energy of the elements Li to Ne

Energy

Li

Be

C
N
Elements

Ne
(2)

(b)

Explain why the general trend is for the first ionisation energy to increase across the period.
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(3)

(c)

Explain why the first ionisation energy of boron, B, is lower than that of beryllium, Be.
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(2)
(Total 7 marks)