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1. Gii thiu v Mosfet

Mosfet l Transistor hiu ng trng

( Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor ) l mt Transistor
c bit c cu to v hot ng khc vi Transistor thng thng
m ta bit, Mosfet c nguyn tc hot ng da trn hiu ng t
trng to ra dng in, l linh kin c tr khng u vo ln thch
hn cho khuych i cc ngun tn hiu yu, Mosfet c s dng nhiu
trong cc mch ngun Monitor, ngun my tnh .

Transistor hiu ng trng Mosfet

2. Cu to v k hiu ca Mosfet.

K hiu v s chn tng ng

gia Mosfet v Transistor

* Cu to ca Mosfet.

Cu to ca Mosfet ngc Knh N

G : Gate gi l cc cng

S : Source gi l cc ngun

D : Drain gi l cc mng

Mosfet kn N c hai ming bn dn loi P t trn nn bn dn N, gia hai lp P-N c cch in bi lp

SiO2
hai ming bn dn P c ni ra thnh cc D v cc S, nn bn dn N
c ni vi lp mng mng trn sau c du ra thnh cc G.

Mosfet c in tr gia cc G vi cc S v gia

cc G vi cc D l v cng ln , cn in tr gia cc D v cc S
ph thuc vo in p chnh lch gia cc G v cc S ( UGS )

Khi in p UGS = 0 th in tr RDS rt ln, khi in p UGS > 0 => do hiu ng t trng lm cho in
tr RDS gim, in p UGS cng ln th in tr RDS cng nh.

3. Nguyn tc hot ng ca Mosfet

Mch in th nghim.

Mch th nghim s hot ng ca Mosfet

Th nghim : Cp ngun mt chiu UD

qua mt bng n D vo hai cc D v S ca Mosfet Q (Phn cc thun cho
Mosfet ngc) ta thy bng n khng sng ngha l khng c dng in
i qua cc DS khi chn G khng c cp in.

Khi cng tc K1 ng, ngun UG cp vo hai cc GS lm in p UGS > 0V => n Q1 dn => bng n D
sng.

Khi cng tc K1 ngt, in p tch trn t C1 (t gm)

vn duy tr cho n Q dn => chng t khng c dng in i qua cc
GS.

Khi cng tc K2 ng, in p tch trn t C1 gim bng 0 => UGS= 0V => n tt

=> T thc nghim trn ta thy rng : in p t

vo chn G khng to ra dng GS nh trong Transistor thng thng m
in p ny ch to ra t trng => lm cho in tr RDS gim xung .

4. o kim tra Mosfet

Mt Mosfet cn tt : L khi o tr khng

gia G vi S v gia G vi D c in tr bng v cng ( kim khng ln

c hai chiu o) v khi G c thot in th tr khng gia D

v S phi l v cng.

Cc bc kim tra nh sau :

o kim tra Mosfet ngc thy cn tt.

Bc 1 : Chun b thang x1K

Bc 2 : Np cho G mt in tch ( que en vo G que vo S hoc D )

Bc 3 : Sau khi np cho G mt in tch ta o gia D v S ( que en vo D que vo S ) => kim s

ln.

Bc 4 : Chp G vo D hoc G vo S thot in chn G.

Bc 5 : Sau khi thot in chn G o li DS nh bc 3 kim khng ln.

=> Kt qu nh vy l Mosfet tt.

o kim tra Mosfet ngc thy b chp

Bc 1 : ng h thang x 1K

o gia G v S hoc gia G v D nu kim ln = 0 l chp

o gia D v S m c hai chiu o kim ln = 0 l chp D S

5. ng dung ca Mosfet trong thc t

Mosfet trong ngun xung ca Monitor

Mosfet c s dng lm n cng xut ngun Monitor

Trong b ngun xung ca

Monitor hoc my vi tnh, ngi ta thng dng cp linh kin l IC to
dao ng v n Mosfet, dao ng to ra t IC c dng xung vung c
a n chn G ca Mosfet, ti thi im xung c in p > 0V =>
n Mosfet dn, khi xung dao ng = 0V Mosfet ngt => nh vy dao
ng to ra s iu khin cho Mosfet lin tc ng ngt to thnh dng
in bin thin lin tc chy qua cun s cp => sinh ra t trng
bin thin cm ng ln cc cun th cp => cho ta in p ra.

* o kim tra Mosfet trong mch .

Khi kim tra Mosfet trong mch , ta ch cn thang x1
v o gia D v S => Nu 1 chiu kim ln o chiu o kim khng ln
=> l Mosfet bnh thng, Nu c hai chiu kim ln = 0 l Mosfet b chp DS.

6. Bng tra cu Mosfet thng dng

Hng dn :

Loi knh dn : P-Channel : l Mosfet thun ,

c im k thut : Th d:

N-Channel l Mosfet ngc.

3A, 25W : l dng D-S cc i v cng xut cc i.

STT

K hiu

Loi knh dn c im k thut

2SJ306

P-Channel

3A , 25W

2SJ307

P-Channel

6A, 30W

2SJ308

P-Channel

9A, 40W

2SK1038

N-Channel

5A, 50W

2SK1117

N-Channel

6A, 100W

2SK1118

N-Channel

6A, 45W

2SK1507

N-Channel

9A, 50W

2SK1531

N-Channel

15A, 150W

2SK1794

N-Channel

6A,100W

10

2SK2038

N-Channel

5A,125W

11

2SK2039

N-Channel

5A,150W

12

2SK2134

N-Channel

13A,70W

13

2SK2136

N-Channel

20A,75W

14

2SK2141

N-Channel

6A,35W

15

2SK2161

N-Channel

9A,25W

16

2SK2333

N-FET

6A,50W

17

2SK400

N-Channel

8A,100W

18

2SK525

N-Channel

10A,40W

19

2SK526

N-Channel

10A,40W

20

2SK527

N-Channel

10A,40W

21

2SK555

N-Channel

7A,60W

22

2SK556

N-Channel

12A,100W

23

2SK557

N-Channel

12A,100W

24

2SK727

N-Channel

5A,125W

25

2SK791

N-Channel

3A,100W

26

2SK792

N-Channel

3A,100W

27

2SK793

N-Channel

5A,150W

28

2SK794

N-Channel

5A,150W

29

BUZ90

N-Channel

5A,70W

30

BUZ90A

N-Channel

4A,70W

31

BUZ91

N-Channel

8A,150W

32

BUZ 91A

N-Channel

8A,150W

33

BUZ 92

N-Channel

3A,80W

34

BUZ 93

N-Channel

3A,80W

35

BUZ 94

N-Channel

8A,125W

36

IRF 510

N-Channel

5A,43W

37

IRF 520

N-Channel

9A,60W

38

IRF 530

N-Channel

14A,88W

39

IRF 540

N-Channel

28A,150W

40

IRF 610

N-Channel

3A,26W

41

IRF 620

N-Channel

5A,50W

42

IRF 630

N-Channel

9A,74W

43

IRF 634

N-Channel

8A,74W

44

IRF 640

N-Channel

18A,125W

45

IRF 710

N-Channel

2A,36W

46

IRF 720

N-Channel

3A,50W

47

IRF 730

N-Channel

5A,74W

48

IRF 740

N-Channel

10A,125W

49

IRF 820

N-Channel

2A,50W

50

IRF 830

N-Channel

4A,74W

51

IRF 840

N-Channel

8A,125W

52

IRF 841

N-Channel

8A,125W

53

IRF 842

N-Channel

7A,125W

54

IRF 843

N-Channel

7A,125W

55

IRF 9610

P-Channel

2A,20W

56

IRF 9620

P-Channel

3A,40W

57

IRF 9630

P-Channel

6A,74W

58

IRF 9640

P-Channel

11A,125W

59

IRFI 510G

N-Channel

4A,27W

60

IRFI 520G

N-Channel

7A,37W

61

IRFI 530G

N-Channel

10A,42W

62

IRFI 540G

N-Channel

17A,48W

63

IRFI 620G

N-Channel

4A,30W

64

IRFI 630G

N-Channel

6A,35W

65

IRFI 634G

N-Channel

6A,35W

66

IRFI 640G

N-Channel

10A,40W

67

IRFI 720G

N-Channel

3A,30W

68

IRFI 730G

N-Channel

4A,35W

69

IRFI 740G

N-Channel

5A,40W

70

IRFI 820G

N-Channel

2A,30W

71

IRFI 830G

N-Channel

3A,35W

72

IRFI 840G

N-Channel

4A,40W

73

IRFI 9620G

P-Channel

2A,30W

74

IRFI 9630G

P-Channel

4A,30W

75

IRFI 9640G

P-Channel

6A,40W

76

IRFS 520

N-Channel

7A,30W

77

IRFS 530

N-Channel

9A,35W

78

IRFS 540

N-Channel

15A,40W

79

IRFS 620

N-Channel

4A,30W

80

IRFS 630

N-Channel

6A,35W

81

IRFS 634

N-Channel

5A,35W

82

IRFS 640

N-Channel

10A,40W

83

IRFS 720

N-Channel

2A,30W

84

IRFS 730

N-Channel

3A,35W

85

IRFS 740

N-Channel

3A,40W

86

IRFS 820

N-Channel

2A-30W

87

IRFS 830

N-Channel

3A-35W

88

IRFS 840

N-Channel

4A-40W

89

IRFS 9620

P-Channel

3A-30W

90

IRFS 9630

P-Channel

4A-35W

91

IRFS 9640

P-Channel

6A-40W

92

J177(2SJ177)

P-Channel

0.5A-30W

93

J109(2SJ109)

P-Channel

20mA,0.2W

94

J113(2SK113)

P-Channel

10A-100W

95

J114(2SJ114)

P-Channel

8A-100W

96

J118(2SJ118)

P-Channel

8A

97

J162(2SJ162)

P-Channel

7A-100W

98

J339(2SJ339)

P-Channel

25A-40W

N-Channel

10mA,1W

99

K30A/2SK304/
2SK30R

100

K214/2SK214

N-Channel

0.5A,1W

101

K389/2SK389

N-Channel

20mA,1W

102

K399/2SK399

N-Channel

10-100

103

K413/2SK413

N-Channel

8A

104

K1058/2SK1058

N-Channel

105

K2221/2SK2221

N-Channel

8A-100W

106

MTP6N10

N-Channel

6A-50W

107

MTP6N55

N-Channel

6A-125W

108

MTP6N60

N-Channel

6A-125W

109

MTP7N20

N-Channel

7A-75W

110

MTP8N10

N-Channel

8A-75W

111

MTP8N12

N-Channel

8A-75W

112

MTP8N13

N-Channel

8A-75W

113

MTP8N14

N-Channel

8A-75W

114

MTP8N15

N-Channel

8A-75W

115

MTP8N18

N-Channel

8A-75W

116

MTP8N19

N-Channel

8A-75W

117

MTP8N20

N-Channel

8A-75W

118

MTP8N45

N-Channel

8A-125W

119

MTP8N46

N-Channel

8A-125W

120

MTP8N47

N-Channel

8A-125W

121

MTP8N48

N-Channel

8A-125W

122

MTP8N49

N-Channel

8A-125W

123

MTP8N50

N-Channel

8A-125W

124

MTP8N80

N-Channel

8A-75W
Ngun: hocnghe.com.vn

li phn hi
Thng Su 24, 2009

C bn: Transistor
Filed under: C bn MrZen @ 2:20 sng
Tags: ban dan, co ban, linh kien ban dan
C bn: Transistor

1 Gii thiu v Transistor

1.1 Cu to ca Transistor. ( Bng bn dn )

Transistor gm ba lp bn dn ghp vi nhau hnh thnh hai mi

tip gip P-N , nu ghp theo th t PNP ta c Transistor thun , nu
ghp theo th t NPN ta c Transistor ngc. v phng din cu to
Transistor tng ng vi hai Diode u ngc chiu nhau .

Cu to Transistor

Ba lp bn dn c ni ra thnh ba cc , lp gia gi
l cc gc k hiu l B ( Base ), lp bn dn B rt mng v c nng
tp cht thp.

Hai lp bn dn bn ngoi c ni ra thnh cc pht (

Emitter ) vit tt l E, v cc thu hay cc gp ( Collector )
vit tt l C, vng bn dn E v C c cng loi bn dn (loi N hay P )
nhng c kch thc v nng tp cht khc nhau nn khng hon v cho
nhau c.

1.2 Nguyn tc hot ng ca Transistor.

* Xt hot ng ca Transistor NPN .

Mch kho st v nguyn tc hot

ng ca transistor NPN

Ta cp mt ngun mt chiu UCE vo hai cc C v E trong (+) ngun vo cc C v (-) ngun vo cc E.

Cp ngun mt chiu UBE i qua cng tc v tr hn dng vo hai cc B v E , trong cc (+) vo chn
B, cc (-) vo chn E.

Khi cng tc m , ta thy rng, mc d hai cc C v E

c cp in nhng vn khng c dng in chy qua mi C E ( lc
ny dng IC = 0 )

Khi cng tc ng, mi P-N c phn cc thun do c mt dng in chy t (+) ngun UBE qua cng
tc => qua R hn dng => qua mi BE v cc (-) to thnh dng IB

Ngay khi dng IB xut hin => lp tc cng c dng IC chy qua mi CE lm bng n pht sng, v dng
IC mnh gp nhiu ln dng IB

Nh vy r rng dng IC hon ton ph thuc vo dng IB v ph thuc theo mt cng thc .

IC = .IB

Trong IC l dng chy qua mi CE

IB l dng chy qua mi BE

l h s khuych i ca Transistor

Gii thch : Khi c in p UCE nhng cc in t v l trng khng th vt qua mi tip gip P-N to thnh dng
in, khi xut hin dng IBE
do lp bn dn P ti cc B rt mng v nng pha tp thp, v vy s
in t t do t lp bn dn N ( cc E ) vt qua tip gip sang lp
bn dn P( cc B ) ln hn s lng l trng rt nhiu, mt phn nh
trong s cc in t th vo l trng to thnh dng IB cn phn ln s in t b ht v pha cc C di tc dng ca
in p UCE => to thnh dng ICE chy qua Transistor.

* Xt hot ng ca Transistor PNP .

S hot ng ca Transistor PNP hon ton tng t Transistor NPN nhng cc tnh ca cc ngun in UCE v UBE ngc
li . Dng IC i t E sang C cn dng IB i t E sang B.

2 K hiu v hnh dng ca Transistor

2.1 K hiu & hnh dng Transistor .

K hiu ca Transistor

Transistor cng xut nh

Transistor cng xut ln

2.2 K hiu ( trn thn Transistor )

*
Hin nay trn th trng c nhiu loi Transistor ca nhiu nc sn
xut nhng thng dng nht l cc transistor ca Nht bn, M v Trung
quc.

Transistor Nht bn : thng k hiu l A, B, C, D

V d A564, B733, C828, D1555

trong cc Transistor k hiu l A v B l Transistor thun PNP cn

k hiu l C v D l Transistor ngc NPN.

cc

Transistor A v C thng c cng xut nh v tn s lm vic cao

cn cc Transistor B v D thng c cng xut ln v tn s lm vic
thp hn.

Transistor do M sn xut. thng k hiu l 2N

Transistor do Trung quc sn xut :

v d 2N3055, 2N4073 vv

Bt u bng s 3, tip theo l hai ch ci. Ch ci thc nht cho bit

loi bng : Ch A v B l bng thun , ch C v D l bng ngc, ch
th hai cho bit c im : X v P l bng m tn, A v G l bng cao
tn. Cc ch s sau ch th t sn phm.

Th d : 3CP25 ,

3AP20 vv..

2.3 Cch xc nh chn E, B, C ca Transistor.

Vi cc loi Transistor cng xut nh th th t chn C v B tu theo bng ca nc no s xut ,

nhng chn E lun bn tri nu ta Transistor nh hnh di

Nu l Transistor do Nht sn xut : th d Transistor C828, A564 th chn C gia , chn B bn phi.

Nu l Transistor Trung quc sn xut th chn B gia , chn C bn phi.

Tuy nhin mt s Transistor c sn xut nhi th

khng theo th t ny => bit chnh xc ta dng phng php o
bng ng h vn nng.

Transistor cng xut nh.

Vi loi Transistor cng xut ln (nh hnh di ) th hu ht u c chung th t chn l : Bn tri l

cc B, gia l cc C v bn phi l cc E.

Transistor cng xut ln thng

c th t chn nh trn.

* o xc nh chn B v C

Vi Transistor cng xut nh th thng thng chn E

bn tri nh vy ta ch xc nh chn B v suy ra chn C l chn cn
li.

ng h thang x1 , t c nh mt que o vo tng

chn , que kia chuyn sang hai chn cn li, nu kim ln = nhau
th chn c que t c nh l chn B, nu que ng h c nh l que
en th l Transistor ngc, l que th l Transistor thun..

3- Phng php kim tra Transistor

Transistor
khi hot ng c th h hng do nhiu nguyn nhn, nh hng do nhit
, m, do in p ngun tng cao hoc do cht lng ca bn thn
Transistor, kim tra Transistor bn hy nh cu to ca chng.

Cu to ca Transistor

Kim tra Transistor ngc NPN tng t kim tra

hai Diode u chung cc Ant, im chung l cc B, nu o t B sang C
v B sang E ( que en vo B ) th tng ng nh o hai diode thun
chiu => kim ln , tt c cc trng hp o khc kim khng ln.

Kim tra Transistor thun PNP tng t kim tra

hai Diode u chung cc Katt, im chung l cc B ca Transistor, nu
o t B sang C v B sang E ( que vo B ) th tng ng nh o hai
diode thun chiu => kim ln , tt c cc trng hp o khc kim
khng ln.

Tri vi cc iu trn l Transistor b hng.

Transistor c th b hng cc trng hp .

o thun chiu t B sang E hoc t B sang C => kim

khng ln l transistor t BE hoc t BC

* o t B sang E hoc t B sang C kim ln c hai chiu l chp hay d BE hoc BC.
* o gia C v E kim ln l b chp CE.

* Cc hnh nh minh ho khi o kim tra Transistor.

Php o cho bit Transistor cn tt .

Minh ho php o trn : Trc ht nhn vo

k hiu ta bit c Transistor trn l bng ngc, v cc
chn ca Transistor ln lt l ECB ( da vo tn Transistor ). < xem li phn xc nh chn Transistor >

Bc 1 : Chun b o ng h thang x1

Bc 2 v bc 3 : o thun chiu BE v BC => kim ln .

Bc 4 v bc 5 : o ngc chiu BE v BC => kim khng ln.

Bc 6 : o gia C v E kim khng ln

=> Bng tt.

Php o cho bit Transistor b chp BE

Bc 1 : Chun b .

Bc 2 : o thun gia B v E kim ln = 0

Bc 3: o ngc gia B v E kim ln = 0

=> Bng chp BE

Php o cho bit bng b t BE

Bc 1 : Chun b .

Bc 2 v 3 : o c hai chiu gia B v E kim khng ln.

=> Bng t BE

Php o cho thy bng b chp CE

Bc 1 : Chun b .

Bc 2 v 4 : o c hai chiu gia C v E kim ln = 0

=> Bng chp CE

Trng hp o gia C v E kim ln mt cht l b d CE.

4 Cc thng s k thut ca Transistor

4.1 Cc thng s k thut ca Transistor

Dng in cc i : L dng in gii hn ca transistor, vt qua dng gii hn ny Transistor s b

hng.

in p cc i : L in p gii hn ca transistor t vo cc CE , vt qua in p gii hn ny

Transistor s b nh thng.

Tn s ct : L tn s gii hn m Transistor lm vic bnh thng, vt qu tn s ny th khuych

i ca Transistor b gim .

H s khuych i : L t l bin i ca dng ICE ln gp bao nhiu ln dng IBE

Cng xut cc i : Khi hoat ng Transistor tiu tn mt cng xut P = UCE . ICE nu cng xut ny
vt qu cng xut cc i ca Transistor th Transistor s b hng .

4.2 Mt s Transistor c bit .

* Transistor s ( Digital Transistor ) : Transistor s c cu to nh Transistor thng nhng chn B c u thm

mt in tr vi chc K

Transistor s thng c s
dng trong cc mch cng tc , mch logic, mch iu khin , khi hot
ng ngi ta c th a trc tip p lnh 5V vo chn B iu khin
n ngt m.

Minh ho ng dng ca Transistor Digital

* K hiu : Transistor
Digital thng c cc k hiu l DTA( dn thun ),
DTC( n ngc ) , KRC( n ngc ) KRA( n
thun), RN12( n ngc ), RN22(n thun ), UN., KSR
. Th d : DTA132 , DTC 124 vv

* Transistor cng xut dng ( cng xut ngang )

Transistor cng xut ln

thng c gi l s. S dng, S ngun vv..cc s ny c thit k
iu khin b cao p hoc bin p ngun xung hot ng , Chng
thng c in p hot ng cao v cho dng chu ng ln.
Cc s cng xut dng( Ti vi mu) thng c u thm cc diode
m trong song song vi cc CE.

S cng xut dng trong Ti vi mu

5 Phn cc cho Transistor

5.1 Cp in cho Transistor ( Vcc in p cung cp )

 s dng Transistor trong mch ta cn phi cp

cho n mt ngun in, tu theo mc ch s dng m ngun in c cp
trc tip vo Transistor hay i qua in tr, cun dy v v ngun
in Vcc cho Transistor c quy c l ngun cp cho cc CE.

Cp ngun Vcc cho Transistor ngc v thun

Ta thy rng : Nu Transistor l ngc NPN th Vcc phi l ngun dng (+), nu Transistor l thun PNP
th Vcc l ngun m (-)

5.2 nh thin ( phn cc ) cho Transistor .

* nh thin : l cp
mt ngun in vo chn B ( qua tr nh thin) t Transistor vo
trng thi sn sng hot ng, sn sng khuych i cc tn hiu
cho d rt nh.

* Ti sao phi nh thin cho Transistor n mi sn sng hot ng ? : hiu c iu ny ta hy xt hai s

trn :

trn l hai mch s dng transistor khuych i

tn hiu, mt mch chn B khng c nh thin v mt mch chn B c
nh thin thng qua Rt.

Cc ngun tn hiu a vo khuych i thng c bin

rt nh ( t 0,05V n 0,5V ) khi a vo chn B( n cha c
nh thin) cc tn hiu ny khng to ra dng IBE ( c im mi P-N pha c 0,6V mi c dng
chy qua ) => v vy cng khng c dng ICE => st p trn Rg = 0V v in p ra chn C = Vcc

s th 2 , Transistor c Rt nh thin => c dng IBE, khi a tn hiu nh vo chn B => lm cho
dng IBE tng hoc gim => dng ICE cng
tng hoc gim , st p trn Rg cng thay i => v kt qu u ra
ta thu c mt tn hiu tng t u vo nhng c bin ln hn.

=> Kt lun : nh thin ( hay phn cc) ngha l to mt dng in IBE ban u, mt st p trn Rg ban u khi c
mt ngun tn hiu yu i vo cc B , dng IBE s tng hoc gim => dng ICE cng tng hoc gim => dn n st p
trn Rg cng tng hoc gim => v st p ny chnh l tn hiu ta cn ly ra .

5.3 Mt s mach nh thin khc .

* Mch nh thin dng hai ngun in khc nhau .

Mch nh thin dng hai ngun in khc nhau

* Mach nh thin c in tr phn p

c th khuch i c nhiu ngun tn hiu mnh yu khc nhau, th

mch nh thin thng s dng thm in tr phn p Rpa u t B xung
Mass.

Mch nh thin c in tr phn p Rpa

* Mch nh thin c hi tip .

L
mch c in tr nh thin u t u ra (cc C ) n u vo ( cc B)
mch ny c tc dng tng n nh cho mch khuych i khi hot ng.

Ngun: hocnghetructuyen.vn

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