Energy Balancein Reactive System

Heat of Reaction Method &

Heat of Formation Method

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of this topic, you should be able to:

Performed energy balance for reactive system

ENERGY BALANCES ON REACTIVE PROCESSES

ENERGY BALANCES ON REACTIVE PROCESSES (for
Both Methods)
* Generally it is the same as the procedures used in solving the energy

balances for the non-reactive system:

- FLOWCHART!
- MATERIAL BALANCES TO DETERMINE STREAM COMPONENTS
- REFERENCE STATES
- INLET-OUTLET ENTHALPY TABLE

- CALCULATE H

- SOLVE THE ENERGY BALANCES BY INCORPORATING THE HEAT

OF REACTION INTO THE EQUATION

ENERGY BALANCE EQUATION

Generally, the energy balance equation for any process unit is
given as:

Input + Generation - Output - Consumption = Accumulation

Enters
through
system
boundaries

Produced
within
system only
for reactive
system (+)

Leaves
through
system
boundaries

Consumed
within
system only
for reactive
system (-)

Buildup within
system only for
transient operation

Revision on using the heat capacities table

(Table B.2)
Heat capacities are functions of temperature and are
expressed in polynomial form as follow:
Cp = a + bT + CT2 + dT3 (Form 1)

Be sure to use the correct function form (Form 1 or

Form 2).

Temperature unit is sometimes K and sometimes oC.

If given in the table heading, a x 103 = 123,
a =123 x 10-3

EXAMPLE 1
100 mol/s of propane at 25oC is completely burned in a
furnace with 20% excess air. The air is fed at 300oC and a
flue gases stream at 1000oC is discharged from the
furnace. 2256 mol/s of nitrogen gas is fed to the furnace
as inlet gas. Calculate the amount of energy produce from
the combustion.
Propane, 25oC
Flue Gas, 1000oC
Furnace
Air, N2
300oC

EXAMPLE 1

1. Perform the Mass Balance using the stochiometry equation

C3H8 (g)+ 5 O2(g) 3 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(l)
nin

nout

C 3H 8

100

O2

600

100

N2
CO2

H 2O

O2 feed O2used
O 2 excess
O2used
O2used 5(100) 500
O2 feed 500
0.2
500
O2 feed 600

EXAMPLE 1

100 mol/s, Propane, 25oC

Flue Gas, 1000oC
Air, 300oC

Furnace
100 mol O2(g)/s

600 mol O2(g)/s

2256 mol N2(g)/s
300oC

Q kJ/s

2256 mol N2(g)/s

300 mol CO2(g)/s
400 mol H2O (v)/s

1000oC

Energy Balance of
Reactive Processes

Method 1:
Heat of
Reaction (Hr)

Method 2:
Heat of
Formation (Hf)

Method 1: Heat of Reaction Method

H out nin H in
out

Standard Condition
at 25oC and 1 atm

Respective reaction
temperature

EXAMPLE 1

1. Calculate the extent of reaction

H H r (To , Po )
n A ,out - n A,in

where

n O2 ,

out

- n O 2 ,in

100 mol/s 600 mol/s

5

EXAMPLE 1

2. Determine the Heat of Reaction at standard condition:

C3H8 (g)+ 5 O2(g) 3 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(l)
o

i H

fi

i H

products

fi

i H

fi

reactants

H o r i H o fi 3 ( H f ) CO 2 (g) 4 ( H f ) H 2O (l) ( H o f ) C3H8 (g)

o

H o r [3(393.5) 4(285.84) (103.8)] kJ/mol

H or

Method 1: Heat of Reaction Method

H out nin H in
out

Completed

Proceed

EXAMPLE 1

3. Choose a reference state: reactants and products at

25oC and 1 atm in states where or is known: [C3H8
(g), O2(g), CO2(g) and H2O(l) in the example] and the
non-reacting at any convenient temperature.

EXAMPLE 1
4. Performed energy balances
Ref state for all component: 25oC and 1 atm

INPUT
nin

PRODUCT
H

nout

C 3H 8

100

25oC

O2

600

300oC

H2

100

1000oC

H4

N2

2256 300oC

H3

2256

1000oC

H5

CO2

300

1000oC

H6

H 2O

400

1000oC

H7

EXAMPLE 1
Use table B.8 for obtaining the specific enthalpies
except for water at ref. point 25oC and 1 atm.
INPUT
nin

PRODUCT
H

nout

C3H8

100

25oC

O2

600

300oC

8.47

100

1000oC

N2

2256

300oC

8.12

2256

1000oC

CO2

300

1000oC

H2O

400

1000oC

H7=?

For water, from 25oC (l) to 1000oC(v)

100o C

H7

1000oC
p ,liquid

dT H vap

25o C

Liquid

Cp=75.4x10-3 (kJ/mol.K)

Vapor

Cp=33.46x10-3 + 0.6880x10-5T
+ 0.7604x10-8T2 - 3.593x10-12T3
(kJ/mol.K)

Hvap

40.656 kJ/mol
Total

dT

p ,vapor

100o C

5.655

40.656

EXAMPLE 1
INPUT
nin

PRODUCT
H

nout

C3H8

100

25oC

O2

600

300oC

H2= 8.47

100

1000oC

N2

2256

300oC

H3= 8.12

2256

1000oC

CO2

300

1000oC

H2O

400

1000oC

EXAMPLE 1
INPUT
nin

PRODUCT

nH

nout

nH
-

C3H8

100

O2

600

H2=8.47

5,082

100

H4=32.47

N2

2256

H3=8.12

18,318

2256

H5=30.56

CO2

300

H6=48.60

H2O

400

H7=81.46

Total

23,400

Total

EXAMPLE 1
* ENERGY BALANCES ON REACTIVE PROCESSES

H out nin H in
out

j o rj n
100(2,220) (
1.26 105 kJ / s

out

H out n in H in

) 23,400

CLASS ACTIVITY

Solve the previous question

using the Heat of Formation method.

Reference State for elementary component

: C, O2, N2, H2 at 25C, 1 atm.
INPUT
nin

PRODUCT
H

nout

C 3H 8

100

25oC

H1

O2

600

300oC

H2

100

1000oC

H4

N2

2256 300oC

H3

2256

1000oC

H5

CO2

300

1000oC

H6

H 2O

400

1000oC

H7

CLASS ACTIVITY
Inlet
H1 = Hf C3H8 = -103.8kJ/mol
300

H2 = Hf O2 +

CpdT =

kJ/mol

25

H3 = Hf N2 +

300

= 8.12 kJ/mol
CpdT

25

CLASS
OutletACTIVITY
1000

CpdT

H4 = Hf O2 +

= 32.47 kJ/mol

25
1000

H5 = Hf N2 +

CpdT

= 30.52 kJ/mol

25
1000

H6 = Hf CO2 +

CpdT

= -393.5 + 48.6 = -344.9 kJ/mol

25
100

1000

25

100

H7 = Hf H2O + CpdT Hv

CpdT

= -285.84 + 5.655 + 40.66 + 35.06 = -204.5 kJ/mol

EXAMPLE 1
Reference State for elementary component
: C, O2, N2, H2 at 25C, 1 atm.
INPUT
nin

PRODUCT
H

C 3H 8

100

25oC

O2

600

300oC

N2

2256 300oC

-103.8

nout

100

1000oC

32.47

8.12

2256

1000oC

30.52

CO2

300

1000oC

-344.9

H 2O

400

1000oC

-204.5

EXAMPLE 1
* ENERGY BALANCES ON REACTIVE PROCESSES

out

H out nin H in

125981.3kJ / s
1.26 105 kJ / s

CONCLUSION

You have learn:

Energy balance for reactive system