INTRODUCTION

NAME: -

AMIT SHARMA

COURSE: -

DIPLOMA B-TECH CSE

SECTION: -

126 (B)

REG. NO. : - 10801294

ROLL NO. : - 64

TOPIC: -

NUMERICALS ON 2ND ORDER REACTION

NUMERICALS

Example 1: Butadiene dimerizes to form C8H12. This reaction

is 2nd order in butadiene. If the rate constant for the reaction
is 0.84 L/mol min, how long will it take for a 0.500 M sample
of butadiene to dimerize until the butadiene concentration is
0.200 M?
Solution 1: Use the integrated rate law above
1/[C4H6] - 1/[C4H6]0 = kt
The intial concentration is 0.500 M, and the final
concentration is 0.200 M. K is 0.84 L/mol min, so
1/0.200 mol/L - 1/0.500 mol/L = 0.84 L/mol min * t
t = 3.6 minutes

Example 2: A reaction 2A --> P has a second order rate law

with k = 3.5E-4 L/mol-s. Calculate the time required for the
concentration of A to change from 0.260 mol/L to 0.011
mol/L.
Solution 2: K1 =0.206 mol/l
K2 =0.011mol/l

1/ 0.011 - 1 / 0.260 = 3.5 x 10^-4 t

90.9 - 3.85 = 3.5 x 10^-4 t
t =248714 s = 69 h 5 min 14 s

Example 3: The rate constant for the SECOND ORDER

reaction ; 2NO2 --> 2NO + O2 .Rate = 0.54 ? M.s at 300
Celsius. How long in seconds would it take for the
concentration of NO2 to decrease from 0.62 M to 0.28 M?
Solution 3: time elapsed until the concentration has dropped
from [NO2] to [NO2] is given by
t = ( 1/[NO2] - 1/[NO2] ) / k
Hence the time to decrease from 0.62M to 0.28M is
t = ( 1/.28M - 1/0.62M ) / 0.54Ms
= 3.63S.
Example 4: Decomposition of a gas is a 2nd order reaction. It
takes 40 min. for 40% of the gas to decompose. When its
initial concentration is 0.04mol/l. Cal. Specific rate?
Solution 4: let the initial conc. Is a
x=o.4a
K=1/t * x/a(a-x)
K=1/40* 0.4/0.6*0.04
K=0.416mol/l/sec.

Example 5: a 2nd order reaction in which a=b is 20% comp. in

40 sec. How long will it take to comp. 60% ?
Solution 5: we know k=1/t* x/a(a-x)

x=20* a/100
x=1/160a.( I )
now for x=60%
k=1/t* 0.6a/a(a-0.6a)
k=1/t* 3/2a.( II )
from ( I ) ( II )
1/160a=1/t*3/2a
t=240 sec.

Example 6: A second order reaction where a=b is 25% in

300sec. how long will it take for the reaction for 50 %
completion?
Solution 6: a=100, T=300sec, x=25
a-x=75

now K=1/t* x/a(a-x)

k=1/300* 25/100(75)
k=1/90,000
t=1/k* x/a(a-x)
t=1/1/90,000 * 50/5000
t=900 sec.

Example 7: A second order reaction in which 25% of reaction

comp. in 60 sec. How long will it take to comp. 75%.

Solution 7: a=100, t=600sec, a-x= 75

K=1/t * x/a(a-x)
K=1/60* 25/100(75)
K=1/18000
Now t=1/k* x/a(a-x)
T=18000* 75/2500
T=540 sec.

Example 8: 60% of the 2nd order reaction was completed in

60 min. when was it half comp.?
Solution 8: a=100, x=60, a-x=40
K=1/t*x/a(a-x)
K=1/60* 60/100(40)
K=0.00024
Now t=1/k* x/a(a-x)
T1/2= 1/ka
T1/2=0.024min.

REFERENCE
This topic has been referred from the following links :
1.

^ IUPAC Gold Book definition of rate law. See also:

According to IUPAC Compendium of Chemical
Terminology.

2. ^ Kenneth A. Connors Chemical Kinetics, the study of

reaction rates in solution, 1991, VCH Publishers. This book
contains all the rate equations in this article and their
derivation.

3. ^ For a worked out example see: Determination of the

Rotational Barrier for Kinetically Stable Conformational
Isomers via NMR

4. 2D TLC An Introductory Organic Chemistry Experiment

Gregory T. Rushton, William G.

5. Burns, Judi M. Lavin, Yong S. Chong, Perry Pellechia, and

Ken D. Shimizu J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1499. Abstract

6. ^ Jos A. Manso et al."A Kinetic Approach to the Alkylating

Potential of Carcinogenic Lactones" Chem. Res. Toxicol.
2005, 18, (7) 1161-1166

1.

^ Ruthenium(VI)-Catalyzed Oxidation of Alcohols by

Hexacyanoferrate(III): An Example of Mixed Order
Mucientes, Antonio E,; de la Pea, Mara A. J. Chem.
Educ. 2006 83 1643. Abstract

Chemical kinetics, reaction rate, and order (needs flash

player)

The reaction of crystal violet with sodium hydroxide: a

kinetic study.

Reaction kinetics, examples of important rate laws

(lecture with audio).

Rates of Reaction

Retrieved from
"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_reaction"