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IMAGE ENHANCEMENT
Image Enhancement is the process of making an image more
interpretable for a particular application(Faust1989).
Understanding of imagery Enhancements are used to make it
easier for visual interpretation and.
RADIOMETRIC ENHANCEMENT
Linear
Non Linear
Minimum- Maximum
Logrithmic
% Linear
Inverse Log
Exponential
Square
Square Root
Cube
Cube Root
Arc Tangent
Histogram
Equalization
Histogram
Matching
CONTRAST
CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT
RAW DATA
Contrast
Red 0-10 Green 0-12 Blue 012
Logrithmic Stretch
In this process the logarithmic values of the input data are
linearly stretched to get the desired output values.
It is a two step process. In the first step we find out the log
values of the input DN values. In the second step the log
values are linearly stretched to fill the complete range of DN
no. (0-255).
Logrithmic stretch has greatest impact on the brightness
values found in the darker part of the histogram
Histogram Equalization
Histogram equalization is one of the most useful forms of
nonlinear contrast enhancement.
When an image's histogram is equalized, all pixel values of
the image are redistributed so there are approximately an
equal number of pixels to each of the user-specified output
gray-scale classes (e.g., 32, 64, and 256).
Contrast is increased at the most populated range of
brightness values of the histogram (or "peaks").
It automatically reduces the contrast in very light or dark
parts of the image associated with the tails of a normally
distributed histogram (Jensen 1996).
Histogram equalization can also separate pixels into distinct
groups, if there are few output values over a wide range.
This technique groups pixels that are very dark or very bright
into very few gray scales.
Histogram Matching
It is the process of determining a look up table that will
convert the histogram of one image to resemble the
histogram of the other.
Histogram matching is useful for matching data of the same
or adjacent scenes that were scanned on separate dates, or are
slightly different because of sun angle or atmospheric effects.
This is specially useful for mosaicking or change detection.
To achieve good results with histogram matching the two
input images should have similar characterstics.
1. General shape of the histogram curves should be
similar.
2. Relative dark and light features in the image should be
same.
3. For some applications, the spatial resolution of the data
should be the same.
4. The relative distributions of the landcovers should be
the same.
5. Clouds should be removed before matching the
histogram.