Professional Documents
Culture Documents
March 2011
Follow up courses
o Part 2
Module 3: Analysis activities linking, searching
Module 4: Reporting activities modelling,
charting & visualising; extracting information
P Clarke, 2011
Social
constructivist
Realist/
positivist
(Ellingson, 2008:7)
P Clarke, 2011
Qualitative approaches
o Increasingly diverse and fragmented (Creswell,
2007:4)
Questions
Approach
Type of question
Ethnography
P Clarke, 2011
Framework
analysis
6
Data generation
Triangulation /Crystallization:
o Of methods, analysis, settings, perspectives/ researchers /
data
Interviews with individuals
Focus groups
Narratives
Conversations
Observations
Video/audio-tapes/ photographs /maps /models
/artifacts
Archived material and records; diaries, letters, policy
documents, minutes
Reflective journals
Field notes, memos and .
Layered texts
P Clarke, 2011
Writings
JOURNAL ENTRIES
MEMOS
P Clarke, 2011
Literature reviews
Text file formats:
.txt
.doc
.docx
.rtf
.pdf
P Clarke, 2011
Images
.bmp .gif .jpeg .tif .tiff
P Clarke, 2011
P Clarke, 2011
Audio formats:
.mp3
.wma
.wav
11
Dataset files
o Microsoft Excel spreadsheets:
.xl; .xlsx
12
P Clarke, 2011
12
P Clarke, 2011
13
14
Research essentials
o The key tools?
YOU/ YOUR good thinking and reflection
Collaboration
Ethics
Effective planning/organising/checking
Keep a journal
Plan and implement back-ups
More good thinking and reflection
P Clarke, 2011
Technology layer
Project
requirements?
World view
Paradigm
Theory
Ethics
Project
design?
Relationship
Access
Feedback
Follow up
Technology
requirements?
Computerbased data
analysis/
management
Who?
Collect
Store
Analyse
Data?
Input
Access
Store/secure
Update
Maintain
Analysis techniques
P Clarke, 2011
Computer?
Access
Literacy
Back-ups
Software? Access
Familiarity
Maintenance
Legality
17
18
P Clarke, 2011
19
P Clarke, 2011
20
NVIVO 9 Interface
P Clarke, 2011
21
10
Welcome screen
Create New/Open Project
*
P
R
O
J
E
C
T
(S)
22
Password protection
P Clarke, 2011
23
11
Ribbon interface
o The ribbon replaces menus and toolbars of earlier
versions.
Workspace views
L
I
S
T
N
A
V
I
G
A
T
I
O
N
Status
bar
D
E
T
A
I
L
P Clarke, 2011
25
12
Sources
Module 1
P Clarke, 2011
27
13
Classification sheet
28
Nodes
o Nodes provide the places/containers to
store data about the ideas/themes from
your analysis
o Manual methods included cutting up
multiple (photo)-copies of selected text and
filing them according to the categories/
ideas/ themes or using highlighters
o In NVIVO gather the data segments
(text/images/audio/video) by coding;
references to them are stored in a node.
o A piece of data can be coded in many
29
P Clarke, 2011
nodes
14
Nodes
Module 2
P Clarke, 2011
30
Collections/links
Module 2
P Clarke, 2011
31
15
Search options
o Look for (Find) - simple and advanced
search for NVIVO project items
o Queries - simple and advanced search for
actual content within the NVIVO project
e.g.
Word frequency
Text search
Coding search
Matrix search
Compound
Group
P Clarke, 2011
32
Modelling
Environmental
change
P Clarke, 2011
33
16
Visualisations
P Clarke, 2011
34
35
17
Getting started
& organising data
P Clarke, 2011
36
P Clarke, 2011
37
18
2.
Be patient.
Module 1
P Clarke, 2011
38
Module 1
P Clarke, 2011
39
19
Module 1
P Clarke, 2011
40
Activity 3 (continued)
For memo entries and in any other documents that record
your ideas as you progress with analysis, you can use the
keystroke short cut Ctrl-shift-T to automatically enter the
current date and time
P Clarke, 2011
41
20
P Clarke, 2011
42
Module 1
P Clarke, 2011
43
21
3.
4.
Module 1
P Clarke, 2011
44
7. Import pictures/images
o Import to the Area folder and from
Pictures the file entitled:
Competing water uses--commercial
fishing, recreational fishing, development
Image
P Clarke, 2011
45
22
46
P Clarke, 2011
47
23
8. Import video
o From Interviews List view, right-click then select
Import video ken.wmv. Then Click to edit to see
the video and available transcription fields
o See Appendix on details about working with video
(audio works the same)
P Clarke, 2011
48
Video continued
o The key controls for playing or transcribing the video
material are:
49
24
50
Some approaches to
Tree node structures
P Clarke, 2011
51
25
ThemeTheme-based approach
o e.g.
Environmental
Change Down
East - Sample
Project
Module 2
P Clarke, 2011
52
Narrative
Creswell, J.W. (2007) Qualitative Inquiry and research design choosing among five approaches (2nd edition).
Thousand Oaks. CA :Sage. Page 170
Module 2
P Clarke, 2011
53
26
Phenomenology
Creswell, J.W. (2007) Qualitative Inquiry and research design choosing among five approaches (2nd edition).
Thousand Oaks. CA :Sage. Page 170
Module 2
P Clarke, 2011
54
Grounded theory
Creswell, J.W. (2007) Qualitative Inquiry and research design choosing among five approaches (2nd edition).
Thousand Oaks. CA :Sage. Page 171
Module 2
P Clarke, 2011
55
27
Ethnography
Creswell, J.W. (2007) Qualitative Inquiry and research design choosing among five approaches (2nd edition).
Thousand Oaks. CA :Sage. Page 171
Module 2
P Clarke, 2011
56
Creswell, J.W. (2007) Qualitative Inquiry and research design choosing among five approaches (2nd edition).
Thousand Oaks. CA :Sage. Page 172
P Clarke, 2011
57
28
P Clarke, 2011
58
P Clarke, 2011
59
29
:
1. Open a Source doc e.g. Charles (interview) which opens in the Detail view
2. From the Navigation view, select Nodes, - this will list the Free nodes in the List
view
3. If it is easier to drag from side to side then
from View menu: select Detail View then
select Right - this will move the course
document from the bottom of the screen
to the right of the screen.
4. Select required text pieces in the Source document and then with your mouse
drag and drop the selections to the required Node (which will highlight in
blue with a small arrow indicating when you can 'drop')
5. The selected text pieces are now coded at the node you dragged it to
Module 2
P Clarke, 2011
60
Activity 2 - continued
To check your coding:
6. Double click on the Node Fishing to open
it in the Detail View.
7. You can see the text you have coded
there.
P Clarke, 2011
61
30
P Clarke, 2011
62
Context of
document
showing the
coding at
Community
node shaded
Module 2
P Clarke, 2011
63
31
P Clarke, 2011
64
5.
Module 2
P Clarke, 2011
65
32
66
67
33
6. Classifications
o Your sources/nodes may share common
characteristics that can help you organise and analysis
e.g.
Source classifications may include
Interviews, focus groups, journal articles etc
Node classification my include
persons
organisations
Classifications my have particular attributes e.g.
Interview: interviewer, year
Person: age, education, gender
Attributes may have values e.g.
female, male
P Clarke, 2011
68
P Clarke, 2011
69
34
P Clarke, 2011
70
Classify a source
o In Navigation view > Sources > Internals >Interviews
o Right click on Ken > select Video properties
o From the Attribute value tab for Classification field
with arrow select video interview
o Attribute values Tab > for Classification field select
Interviewer ; then for Interviewer > Henry
P Clarke, 2011
71
35
72
P Clarke, 2011
73
36
Output
The classification (spread)-sheet has distributed the attribute values
to all the Persons in the data
Module 1
P Clarke, 2011
74
Module 1
P Clarke, 2011
75
37
P Clarke, 2011
76
P Clarke, 2011
77
38
2.
3.
4.
5.
Create an External
i.e. a document/source within the NVIVO project for
your ideas about e.g. external files, webpages,
PowerPoint slides, or books, etc. with LINKS to them
where available.
Sources > External > List view > right-click > New
external >General tab > Name it News today
External tab > Type > Web link> URL path > Enter
http://www.oxfordtimes.co.uk > click OK
Blank External opens for your notes (or List view >
right-click on name > Open External)
To open linked web page: In List view > right-click on
name > Open External File
P Clarke, 2011
78
39
Paper
Paper--based tree node structure
Example of tree node structure
This structure can
add to the coding
load and also requires
two new nodes to be
created each time a
new topic arises
81
40
2.
3.
Negative comments
Positive comments
82
P Clarke, 2011
83
41
Play/Pause
F8
F9
Go Back 10 seconds
P Clarke, 2011
84
Transcribe mode
To help you transcribe you can set
the play speed to slow.
From the Media menu > click Play Speed.
- You can also use the play speed slider at
any time to change the speed -
85
42
Transcribe(cont.)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
86
Importing transcripts
o Transcripts can be prepared in Word or
Excel and imported in .doc, .docx, or .txt
and some .pdf formats
o Transcripts can be prepared with or without
timestamps.
o Timestamp format is: hh:mm:ss e.g.
2:36.4 =2 minutes 36.4 seconds
o For optional formats type 'Importing
transcripts in the NVIVO Help Search field
o One transcript import option will be
practiced here with a table format transcript
P Clarke, 2011
87
43
P Clarke, 2011
88
89
44
91
45
92
Other features
o Annotations, memos and auto-coding
(e.g. in the focus group by speakers
name) can all be carried out on the
different format sources as was done
for text data
o Audios and videos can be included in
models
P Clarke, 2011
93
46
94
Appendix 2
P Clarke, 2011
95
47
o As well as access
to the Project
Event Log if you have selected it
P Clarke, 2011
96
97
48
P Clarke, 2011
98
P Clarke, 2011
99
49
Performance options
o In theory NVIVO can handle projects up to 4Gb in
size
o The File/Options menu includes access to an option
to Optimize performance of stand alone project.
The default is for project size Small.
Select Large if your project has more than 500
sources.
o (The above features also depend on the capacity
of your computer).
---------------------------------------------------------------------o Time duration between Saves and other
notifications are also accessed from the
File/Options menu
P Clarke, 2011
100
http://download.qsrinternational.com/Document/NVivo9/NVivo9-Getting-Started-Guide.pdf
http://www.qsrinternational.com/FileResourceHandler.ashx/RelatedDocuments/Do
cumentFile/712/Differences-NVivo8-NVivo9.pdf
P Clarke, 2011
101
50
References
o Creswell, J.W. (2007) Qualitative Inquiry and
research design choosing among five
approaches (2nd edition). Thousand Oaks:
Sage.
o Ellingson, L.L (2009). Engaging crystallization
in qualitative research. Thousand Oaks:
Sage.
o Richardson, L. (2000). Writing: A method of
Inquiry. In N.K Denzin & Y.S Lincoln (Ed.)
Handbook of qualitative research. (2nd ed.)
Thousand Oaks: Sage.
P Clarke, 2011
102
Useful books
o Bazeley, Pat (2007). Qualitative data analysis with
NVIVO. Second Edition. Sage.
(Practical approach with numerous load lightening
tips)
o Di Gregorio, S and Davidson, J. (2008) Qualitative
Research Design for Software Users. Open University
Press
o Lewins, Ann & Silver, Christina (2007). Using software
in qualitative research: a step-by-step guide. Sage.
(Guidance on using Atlas.ti 5, MAXqda 2 and
NVIVO 7)
o Richards, Lyn (2009). Handling qualitative data: a
practical guide. Sage. (2nd edition)
(Useful data-centric approach to qualitative
methods)
P Clarke, 2011
103
51