3

A student electrolysed concentrated aqueous sodium chloride using the apparatus below.
The solution also contained litmus solution.
+

carbon
anode

carbon
cathode

Aqueous sodium chloride

Containing some litmus solution

(a) (i)

Name the gas produced at the anode (positive electrode).

.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Suggest what happened to the colour of the solution around the
anode as the electrolysis proceeded.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii) Why did this change take place?
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) (i)

Name the gas produced at the cathode (negative electrode).

.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) Give a test for this gas.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii) What happened to the colour of the solution around the cathode as the
electrolysis proceeded?
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iv) Why did this change take place?
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(c)

The solution was replaced by a dilute solution of an acid. Suggest which acid would
produce the same gases as those produced with concentrated aqueous sodium
chloride.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Under what conditions does the electrolysis of sodium chloride produce sodium at one of
the electrodes?
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 9]

A student electrolysed molten lead(II) bromide and dilute sulfuric acid in the apparatus
shown below.
+

lamp

carbon
electrodes

molten
lead(II) bromide

heat

carbon
electrodes

dilute
sulfuric acid

(a) What was produced at the electrodes A, B, C and D?

A ......................................................................................................................................
B ......................................................................................................................................
C ......................................................................................................................................
D ................................................................................................................................ [4]
(b) What, if anything, happened to the brightness of the lamp when the following changes
were made to the experiment?
(i) Water was added to the dilute sulfuric acid.
............................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) The heating was stopped and the apparatus was left to cool. Explain your answer.
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 7]

A student electrolysed aqueous copper(II) sulfate, using carbon electrodes.

The apparatus is shown below.

Carbon electrodes
+
A

B
Aqueous copper sulphate

After a few minutes, a pink solid was deposited on one electrode and a gas was
evolved at the other electrode.
(a) (i)

At which electrode, A or B, was the pink solid deposited? Explain your answer.
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Name the pink solid.

....................................................................................................................
......... [1] Eventually, no more pink solid was formed. Instead, a gas was produced
at this electrode.
(b) (i)

Name this gas.

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Give a positive test for this gas.

............................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) (i)

Name the gas evolved at the other electrode.

............................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Give a positive test for this gas.

............................................................................................................................. [1]
(d) (i)

How does the colour of the electrolyte change during the electrolysis?
The colour changes from ........................................ to ........................................ [1]

(ii) Explain why this colour change takes place.

...................................................................................................................
.
.
.
.

Silver iodide may be made by the reaction between aqueous potassium iodide and aqueous
silver nitrate.
A student added 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol/dm3 potassium iodide to 30 cm3 of 2.0 mol/dm3 silver
nitrate.
KI(aq) + AgNO3(aq) KNO3(aq) + AgI(s)
(a) (i)

Describe what was seen during the reaction.

..................................................................................................................................

(ii) How could the silver iodide be removed from the mixture?
............................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) (i)

Which of the reagents potassium iodide or silver nitrate was in excess? Explain
your answer.
answer ......................................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................

(ii) Calculate the mass of silver iodide formed (Ar: Ag, 108; I, 127.)

............................................................................................................................. [5]
(c) The student did another experiment to make silver chloride by adding 50 cm3 of
1.0 mol/dm3 potassium chloride to 30 cm3 of 2.0 mol/dm3 silver nitrate,
(i) Describe the appearance of the silver chloride
on forming, ...............................................................................................................
on standing for a few minutes. ..................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
(ii) Was the mass of silver chloride more than, the same or less than the mass of silver
iodide in (b)(ii)? Explain your answer. (Ar: Ag, 108; Cl, 35.5.)
answer ......................................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [4]

A student was given a few grams (an excess) of powdered zinc and a beaker half filled with
aqueous copper(II) sulphate.
(a) Describe the appearance of
(i) solid zinc,
..................................................................................................................................
(ii) aqueous copper(II) sulphate.
..............................................................................................................................[2]
The student added the zinc to the aqueous copper(II) sulphate. A reaction occurred.
(b) State three observations that were made.
(i) .....................................................................................................................................
(ii) .....................................................................................................................................
(iii) .................................................................................................................................[3]
(c) Suggest what kind of chemical reaction occurs.
......................................................................................................................................[1]

A student used the apparatus below to produce a solvent (alcohol) from fermented sugar
solution.
thermometer

Cold water

Fractionating
Column
Cold water in
Glass beads

alcohol

Sugar solution

heat
(a) Name and give the formula of the alcohol.
(i) name .................................................
(ii) formula ..............................................

[2]

(b) What must also be present in the original sugar solution to cause
fermentation to take place?
..................................................................

[1]

(c) How did the student know when all the alcohol had been distilled?
....................................................................................................................................[1]
Half of the alcohol was transferred to a flask and some acidified potassium dichromate(VI) was
added. The mixture was warmed.
(d) (i)

What was the colour change during the reaction?

from .................................... to ....................................

(ii) What was the organic product of this reaction?

.....................................................................................

[3]

The compound from (d)(ii) was separated from the reaction mixture. It was added
to the other half of the alcohol from (c). A few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid
were added and the mixture was warmed.

mula of the organic compound formed. name

................................................................
formula .............................................................
(ii) To which group of organic compounds does this product belong?

..........................................................................
[3]
A student did experiments to compare the reactivities of different metals. M and N are
unknown metals. He was asked to suggest the identity of the two metals, M and N.
(a) Strips of different metals were placed in test-tubes half-filled with dilute sulphuric acid.
copper

magnesium

dilute
sulphuric
acid
A gas was produced in one of the test tubes only.
(i) Name the gas.

(ii) Give a test for the gas.

(iii) Which metal reacted with acid?

(iv) Suggest, giving a reason, the identity of metal M.

[5]

(b) Six tubes were arranged as in the diagrams below. Each tube contained a piece of one
metal half immersed in an aqueous solution containing ions of one of the other two
metals.
There was a deposit in only three tubes including tube V.
There was not a deposit in tube VI.
I

II
Copper

Mg2+(aq)

III
copper

N2+(aq)

IV
magnesium

Cu2+(aq)

V
magnesium

N2+(aq)

VI
N

Cu2+(aq)

Mg2+(aq)

(i) In which three tubes was a deposit seen on the strip of metal?

(ii) Suggest, with a reason, what metal N could be.

(iii) Name the type of reaction which took place in tube V.

(iv) Name the products formed on heating the carbonate of N and write an
equation for the reaction.

[6]

(c) A sample of iron oxide, Fe2O3, was heated with carbon.

Iron(iii) oxide and carbon

heat
A reaction occurred and a gas was produced.
(i) Name the gas that was produced.

(ii) Give a test for this gas.

(iii) Give an equation for the reaction.

[4]
2

(a) Ammonia and hydrogen chloride are each passed into different samples of water and a
few drops of litmus solution added to each.
Describe the colour of the litmus
(i) in the ammonia solution,
.............................................................
(ii) in the hydrogen chloride solution.
.............................................................
(iii) By what name is aqueous hydrogen chloride more commonly known?
.............................................................
[3]
(b) Two pieces of cotton-wool, soaked separately in concentrated
aqueous solutions of ammonia (Mr = 17) and hydrogen chloride (Mr
= 36.5) were placed at opposite ends of
a horizontal tube, as shown in the diagram below.

cotton-wool soaked in concentrated aqueous ammonia

cotton-wool soaked in
concentrated
aqueous hydrogen
chloride

After a few minutes, a white solid was produced on the side of the tube.
(i) At which position, A, B or C, was the white solid formed?
Explain your answer. position ...............................................
explanation
...............................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.
(ii) What process was occurring in the tube before the white solid was formed?
.............................................................
(iii) Name and give the formula of the white solid.
name ...................................................
formula ................................................

[5]

(c) Suggest which method of collection, X, Y or Z, is most suitable for each of the gases.
Explain your answers.

Z
NH3 ..........................................
HCl ..........................................
explanation ......................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [3]
2

A student made ethene gas using the apparatus shown below.

ethene
heat

test tube

(a) Insert in the boxes the names of the substances used in the experiment.

[2]

(b) What does this method of collection suggest about the solubility of ethene in water?
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) Why must the delivery tube be removed from the water before the apparatus is allowed
to cool?
......................................................................................................................................[1]
(d) Give a test to confirm the presence of a double bond in ethene.
test ...................................................................................................................................
observation ..................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 6]
2

A student prepared a sample of propanoic acid by reacting an alcohol with acidified potassium
dichromate(VI).
(a) (i)

What was the colour change of the mixture during the reaction?

The colour changed from ....................................... to ....................................... [1]

(ii) What is the purpose of using potassium dichromate(VI) in this reaction?
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii) Name a gas which would give the same colour change if passed through acidified
potassium dichromate(VI).
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iv) Name the alcohol which was used to produce propanoic acid.
.......................................[1]

(b) Small volumes of this alcohol and propanoic acid were warmed with a few drops of
concentrated sulphuric acid.
(i) Suggest the name of the organic product formed.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(ii) To which group of compounds does the product belong?
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
(iii) How was the presence of this product detected?
.............................................................................................................................. [1] The
properties of propanoic acid and sulphuric acid were compared.
(c) A few drops of universal indicator were added to 2 cm3 of 0.01 mol/dm3 solutions of each acid.
What were the final colours of the indicator?
Universal indicator in propanoic acid was .......................................

Universal indicator in sulphuric acid was .......................................

A student produced zinc oxide by heating zinc nitrate.

[1]

Some zinc nitrate was placed in a previously weighed crucible which was then reweighed. mass of
crucible + zinc nitrate
mass of crucible

= 11.79 g
= 9.90 g

(a) Calculate the mass of zinc nitrate.

.............................................. g [1] The solid

zinc nitrate was heated in a fume cupboard. The following reaction took place.
2Zn(NO3)2(s)

2ZnO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)

(b) Describe the appearance of zinc oxide.

.................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Why was the heating done in a fume cupboard?
.................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) Using your answer to (a) calculate the number of moles of zinc nitrate used in the reaction.
[Ar: Zn, 65; N,14; O,16]

....................................... moles [1]

(e) Using the equation for the reaction and your answer to (d) calculate the total volume of each gas
produced from the reaction.
[1 mole of a gas occupies a volume of 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure.]

volume of NO2 ............................................... cm3

volume of O2 ................................................ cm3
[2]
(f) Name a compound that will react with zinc oxide to make zinc nitrate.
.................................................................................................................................... [1] [Total: 7]