Biochem Final Exam:

Chapter 10:
1) Coenzymes are derived from many vitamins. Which of the following is derived from vitamin B
(niacin)
a. a)tetrahydrofolic acid
b. b) nicotrinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
c. c) pyrodoxal phosphate
d. D) FAD
e. e)Coenzyme A( CoASH)
2) Enzymes that contain aspartate or glutamate at the active site would most likely be involved in
what type of catalysis?
a. induced fit
b. destabilized
c. acid base catalysis
d. covalent catalysis
e. none of the above
3) Activation of zymogens is often accomplished by
a. Aggravation of monomers to form the active oligomer
b. Post-synthetic modification
c. Formation of covalent crosslink
d. Hydrolosis of specifc peptide bonds
e. Addition of a cofactor
4) In an inorganic ion such as Mg2+ is required for enzyme activity, t is usually described as
a. Coenzyme
b. Prosthetic group
c. Holoenzyme
d. Cofactor
e. Apoenzyme
5) When a reaction reaches equilibrium
a. Delta G0 is = 0
b. Delta G = 0
c. No substrate is converted to product
d. No product can be converted back to substrate
e. The reaction becomes temperature independent
6) Which of the following is NOT CHARACTERISTIC of catalyst?
a. They are unchanged by the reaction
b. They alter the standard free energy (delta G0) in a chemical reaction
c. They accelerate the rate of a chemical reaction in both directions
d. They exhibit specificity in the reaction that they catalyze
7) Select the statement which most correctly describe biotin
a. It is a coenzyme for certain carboxylation reactions
b. It is a cofactor for kinases (kinases phosphorylates)
c. It is involved in methyl group transfer
d. Its is a cofactor for the malate shuttle
e. It is involved in phosphoryle transfer
8) Isoenzymes are

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a. Proteolytic enzymes which are activated by the hydrolysis of a part of the peptide chain
b. Protein without enzymatic activity which are necessary to activate enzyme proteins
c. Enzymes containing identical amino acid compositions and sequences but which
catalyzed different reaction
d. Different enzymes which catalyze the same reaction
e. Enzymes which catalyze several different reactions
A measurement of cooperativity is the (Hemoglobin ***)
a. Energy of activation
b. Max velocity
c. Inhibition constant
d. Hill coefficient (greater than 1 positive cooperativity )
e. Arrhenius coefficient
In considering the active site of enzymes, a fair generalization is that
a. Nearly all the amino acids side chains of the protein much directly participate in
catalysis
b. All the amino acid residues which are involved in the active site are adjacent because
they are located on the same short stretch of the polypeptide backbone
c. The conformation of the active site region doesnt exist at all until the substrate is
bound
d. The amino acid residues which form the active site in close proximity because of the
specific 3D conformation the protein adapted
e. Only one amino acid reside is involved in the active site
The enzyme hexokinase, which can utilize ATP and glucose to form glucose-6- phosphate and
ADP, would be classified as a (an)
a. Transferase
b. Hydrolase
c. Ligase
d. Lyase
e. Oxido-reducatase
Standard free energy of a reaction can be used for all the following EXCEPT
a. Predict the direction in which a reaction will proceed under standard conditions of
temperature, concentration, and pH
b. Predict free energy changes for reactions given the concentration of reactants and
products that are unequal to 1M
c. Predict the rate of a chemical reaction
d. Predict the standard free energy of the reaction at pH 7
e. Predict the equilibrium constant for a reaction
Stereospecificty may be explained by
a. The catalytic constant
b. Reversibility of formation of the enzyme substrate complex
c. Three point attachment
d. Competitive inhibitors
e. Saturation
All reaction are technically reversible, Why are some considered de facto irreversible?
a. At equilibrium substrate concentration is below the level of detection
b. Equilibrium can never be achieved
c. Keq for the reaction is so low that is cannot be calculated
d. Product inhibits the reverse reaction

e. The Keq is 1 (means reaction goes half way)

15) Induced fit
a. Is a conformation change brought about by the binding of substrate to an allosteric site
b. Is also known as cooperative binding and requires enzymes with more than one subunit
c. Occurs when cholesterol becomes embedded in the lipid bilayer of the plasma
membrane
d. Is the change in the absorption spectrum of an enzyme upon formation of ES complex
e. Is a conformational change evoked by binding of substrate to the active site of an
enzyme
16) Enzymes which are in an inactive form after the removal of a cofactor or prosthetic gropup are
termed:
a. Isozymes
b. Holoenzymes
c. Zymogens
d. Apoensymes
e. Proenzymes
17) The turnover number of enzyme catalyzed reaction is:
a. Used as a measure of enzyme purity
b. Related to the equilibrium constant of the reaction
c. Changes when the concentration of the enzyme is altered
d. Is a measure of efficiency of the enzyme in catalyzing the reaction
18) Which is least likely to be characteristic of a regulated enzyme in a metabolic pathway?
a. Catalyses the slowest step of the pathway
b. Has a short life in vivo
c. Concentration is hormonally regulated
d. Activity under allosteric control
e. Catalyzes a physiologically reversible reaction
19) Which of the amino acids below is unlikely tob e involved in the reaction mechanism at the
active site of an enzyme
a. Alinine
b. Serine
c. Cysteine
d. Histidine
e. Aspartic acid
20) Which of the following reactions is catalyzed by kinase?
i. Glycerol + ATP -> glycerol phosphate + APD
ii. Lactate + NAD+ pyruvate + NADH + H+
iii. Glucose 6 phosphate fructose 6 phosphate
iv. UDP- galactose + glucose 1 phosphate > UDP glucose+ galactose 1-phosphate
v. Fructose 1,6- biphosphate + H2O -> fructose 6 phosphate + Pi
21) A proteolytic enzyme sych as trypsin is an example of
a. An oxidoreductase
b. A hydrolase
c. A transferase
d. An isomerase
e. A ligase
22) Koshland has proposed the induced fit theory of enzyme action. This concept implies that :

a. The template or lock and key theory adequately explains the mechanism of enzyme
catalysis
b. The active site is flexible the acetylic group of the enzyme is or are brought into proper
alignment by the substrate
c. The information of the substrate changed before binding to the enzyme
d. The formation of the enzyme substrate complex is always the fasted step in an enzyme
catalyzed reaction
23) The hill relationship can be used to determine the
a. Reversibility of a reaction
b. Number of independent binding sites on a protein or ligand
c. Number of cooperative binding sites for a single ligand
d. Whether an effector is homotropic or heterotropic
e. Oxygen binding capacity of a protein
24) Enzyme cofactors:
a. Can only be inorganic ion or compounds
b. Combine with the protein moiety of the enzyme to form on apoenzyme
c. Are not known to combine simultaneously with both enzyme and substrate protein
d. Can act only be helping to maintain the native conformation of the enzyme protein
e. May participate in the catalytic mechanism of an enzyme providing a reactive group not
found in the side chains of the common amino acids
25) The amino acid containing a group that can readily act as a general acid base catalyst at pH 7 is
a. Proline
b. Lysine
c. Arginine
d. Asparagine
e. Histidine
26) The vitamin which functions as the coenzyme of part of a coenzyme for a variety of reaction of
the type RH+ carbon dioxide R-COOH is
a. Biotin
b. Pyridoxine
c. Panthothenate
d. B12
e. Folate
27) Which of the following factors can be significant in enzyme catalysis?
a. Induced fit
b. Distortion or stain in substrate
c. General acid-base catalysis
d. Covalent catalysis
e. All of the above
28) Schiff space is formed by the interaction between:
a. An alcohol and an acid
b. An aldehyde and an alcohol
c. An amine and an aldehyde
d. An acid and an amine
e. An amine and an alcohol
29) For an enzyme reaction that requireds a coenzymea. The coenzyme often reacts with the substrate

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b. The enzyme must be multimeric

c. The coenzyme increases the number of active sites on the enzyme
d. The coenzyme is essentially irreversible bound to the enzyme
A dehydrogenase would be placed in which enzyme category?
a. Oxidoreductase
b. Transferase
c. Lyase
d. Isomerase
e. Ligase
Hydrolysis of high energy phosphate bonds associated with enzymatic linking of two moleccules
is catalyzed by what group of enzymes?
a. Oxidoreductase
b. Hydrolases
c. Lyases
d. Isomerase
e. Ligases
If delta G for a reaction is large and positive
a. The equilibrium will favor product formation
b. The equilibrium will favor reversal of the reaction
c. The equilibrium will not be related to delta G
d. The reaction will be at equilibrium
e. The reaction will proceed toward equilibrium at a high rate
Which one of the following enzymes types would be involved in the conversion of an aldos to
keto sugar?
a. A kinase
b. Mutase
c. Enolase
d. Dehydrogenase
e. Isomerase
CHAPTER 14:

1) The tricarbolyic acid cycle doesnt occur in which cells in your body?
a. Skeletal muscle cells
b. Liver parenchymal cells
c. Adipose cells
d. Renal tubular epithelium
e. Erythrocytes
2) All of the following are intermediated of the Krebs Cycle EXPECT
a. Cis-aconitate
b. Pyruvate
c. Fumarate
d. Succinyl-CoA
e. Malate
3) Which of the following contains high energy bonds?
a. Glucose 6- phosphate
b. Creatine phosphate
c. Acetoacetate

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d. Citric acid
e. Glutamine
The iron in the cytochromes function in biological systems by
a. Undergoing oxygenation and deoxygenation
b. Undergoing oxidation and reduction
c. Combining the phosphate
d. Undergoing dehydration and hydration
e. Interchanging with the iron of adrenodoxin
The structure of oxidized Flavin differs from that of fully reduced Flavin by
a. One proton
b. 1 electron and 1 proton
c. 2 electrons
d. 2 protons
e. 2 electron and 2 protons
The mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
a. Catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and carbon dioxide
b. Catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate
c. Functions as a tetramer made up of 2 types of subunits which are identical to those of
either muscle M or heart H origin
d. Utilizes NAD as the only required coenzyme
e. Catalyzes the oxidation of lactate to pyruvate
The prosthetic group in mitochondrial cytochromes is
a. FeS
b. NAD
c. Heme
d. Flavin
e. ADP
The chemiosomatic hypothesis suggest that the potential energy of the electrons moving down
the mitochondrial electron transport chain from negative to a positive oxidation potential is
initially conserved in for of
a. Proton gradient across the membrane
b. High energy phosphate bond
c. Different conformational form of the electron carrier
d. A protonated form of coenzyme Q
e. Reduced non heme iron protein
The definition of a high energy bond is a bond
a. With a high chemical bond energy
b. Which is highly unstable
c. Is highly exergonic
d. With a high phosphate group transfer potential
e. With a large negative free energy change on hydrolysis
Which of the following is the only Mobil electron carrier in the electron transport system that is
neither permanently associated nor covalently attached to a protein?
a. FMN
b. Coenzyme q
c. Heme a3
d. FeS cluster
e. FAD

11) Cyanide is toxic because it inhibits

a. Succinate dehydrogenase
b. NADH-dehydrogenase
c. Phosphorylase
d. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
e. Ctypchrome oxidae
12) The formation of GTP in the citric acid cycle is an example of
a. Phosphorolysis
b. Oxidation
c. Oxidatitive phosphorylation
d. Reduction
e. Substrate level phosphorolation
13) All of the following items are requirements of the chemiosomatic mechanism of oxidation
phosphorotlyation EXCEPT
a. Topologically closed proton impermeable membrane
b. An ATPase which can be driven in reverse by a proton gradient across the membrane
c. A proton translocation system oriented asymmetricaly across the membrane
d. A direct coupling of electron transport to phosphorylation
14) An enzyme which catalyses the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen is
a. Catalase
b. Invertase
c. Peroxide mutase
d. A cytochrome
e. Glutathione peroxidase
15) Which of the following would NOT be considered a high energy compound?
a. ATP
b. Phosphoenolpyruvate
c. ADP
d. 1,3- bisphosphoglyverate
e. Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate
16) Which is a tricarboxylic acid?
a. Oxaloacetate
b. Succinate
c. Alpha ketoglutarate
d. Citrate
e. Acetate
17) All of the following reactions are observed in tricarboxylic acid cyle EXCPT
a. Hydration of cis- aconitate to isocitrate
b. Dehydration of citric acid to form cis acontic acid
c. Oxidative decarboxylation of alpha keto glutaric acid to form succinyl CoA
d. Hydration of fumeric acid to form malic acid
e. Decarboxylation of citric acid to form oxalosuccinic acid
18) The free energy chance for a reaction at equilibrium is
a. Less than 1
b. 0
c. Greater than 1
d. equal to RT lnKeq
e. Can be utilized to do work in the cell

19) Which of the following is a potential oxidant?

a. FAD
b. NADPH
c. NADH
d. ATP
e. Fe+2
20) Which of the statement is correct for the reaction NADH+ FMN+H NAD+ + FMNH2
a. The reaction involves only transfer of a hydrogen atom
b. NAD+ is the oxidant
c. FMNH2 is the electron acceptor
d. FMN is the reducing agent
e. NADH is the electron donor
21) A reaction between hydrogen peroxide and superoxide can produce hydroxyl radicals. What else
can cause hydrogen peroxide to form this toxic specis
a. Fe2+
b. K+
c. Mg2+
d. Mn2+
22) What is the most reactive form of oxygen?
a. H2O
b. H2O2
c. O2
d. O2.e. OH (hydroxylradical)
23) A radical is a molecule with a highly reactive unpared electron in the out shell. What does it
need to attain its preferred state?
a. A pair of electron
b. A proton
c. Another electron
d. Loss of a proton
e. Loss of the single electron
24) The synthesis of ATP in oxidative phosphorylation occurs at which of the following locations in
the cell?
a. Cytosol
b. Plasma membrane
c. Outer membrane of the mitochondria
d. Inner membrane of the mitochondria
e. Nuclear membrane
Chapter 15:
1) Which of the following compounds is a key intermediate in gluconeogenesis from lactate,
pyruvate, alanine, and glutamatic acid?
a. Ornithine
b. Citrate
c. Acetyle CoA
d. Oxaloacetate

e. Malonly Co A
2) The net products of anaerobic glycolysis are
a. ATP, lactate
b. ATP, pyruvate
c. NAD, lactace
d. ATP, acetyle Coa
3) The glucose alanine cucle serves to
a. Transport cabons from skeletal muscle to the liver
b. Transport nitrogen form liver to skeletal muscle
c. Transport carbons and nitrogen form skeletal muscle and to the liver
d. Transport carbonand nitrogen from liver to skeletal musclce
e. Transport glucose from skeletal muscle to liver
4) Which of the following employs the enzyme phophoenolpyruvate carboxykinase?
a. Glycolysis
b. Hexose monophosphate shunt
c. Krebs cycle
d. Gluconeogenises
e. Glycogenolysis
5) The effects of insulin of nglucose uptake y muscle tissue are most directly opposed by
a. Cortisol
b. Glucagon
c. Epinephrine
d. Somatomedin A
e. Thyroid hormones
6) A substrate which transfer phosphate directly to ADP is
a. 3 phosphoglycerate
b. 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde
c. Phosphoenolpyruvate
d. Fructose 1,6- biphosphate
e. 2-phosphoglyceric acid
7) Galactose is found in the hydrolytic products of
a. Maltose
b. Amylose
c. Lactose
d. Sucrose
e. Glycogen
8) Which of the following type of cel are not depended on insulin for glucose transport?
a. Skeletal
b. Adipose
c. Kidney
d. Brain
e. C and D
9) The main organ responsible for keeping the blood glucose level steady between meal by
making glucose via gluconeogenissi is the
a. Pancrease
b. Kidney
c. Liver
d. Luscles

e. Adipose tissue
10) Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of __ linked to ___.
a. Galactose, glucose
b. Glucose, glucose
c. Galactose, fructose
d. Fructose, fructose
e. Glucose, fructose
11) Which of the following would stimulate the principle controlled step of glycolosis
a. ATP
b. Citrate
c. Fructose 1,6 biphosphate
d. Glucose 1. 6 phosphate
e. Fructose 1,6 biphosphate
12) Concerning the reaction Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP __> pyruvate + ATP which of the
following statement is true?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Formation of ATP
Reaction is an example of oidation phosphorylation
Reaction equilibrium lies far to the left
Formation of ATP and pyruvate occurs since hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate
results in the release of free energy that is numerically larger than the free energy
associated with the phosphorylation of ADP
e. None of the above
13) Gluconeogenesis is stimulated by
a. Glucagen and norepinephrine
b. Epinephrine and sosmatostati
c. Glucagon and epinephrine
d. Insulin and glucagon
14) The most important enzyme in the physiological regulation of glycolysis is
a. Hexokinase
b. Hexossephophate isomerase
c. Phosphofructokinase
d. Triose phosphate isomerse
e. Aldolase
15) Which statement is true of glucokinase?
a. It catalyzes the phosphorylation
b. It has a lower Km for glucose that does hexokinase
c. Its in the liver
d. It doesnt require M++
e. None of the above
Chapter 16
1) The asparagine- linked oligosaccharides of mammalian glycoproteins when processed to the
mature form may contain residues of each of the following EXCEPT
a. Glucose
b. Fucose
c. N- acetyl glucosamine

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d. Mannose
e. Sialic acid
A nine carbon acid found in a terminal position in the oligosaccharide portion of may
glycoproteins is
a. Hyaluronic acid
b. Sialic acid
c. Iduronic acid
d. Glucuronic acid
e. Gluconic acid
What is the minimum number of the carbohydrate residules that defines a protein as a
glycoprotein?
a. 1
b. 5
c. 50
d. 100
e. 500
The carbohydrate used in the synthesis of nucleic acid in animals is produced in
a. The urea cycle
b. Glycolysis
c. The citric acid cycle
d. Electron transport
e. The hexose monophosphate pathway
The nitrogen donor for amino sugars is
a. Glutamate
b. Glucosamine
c. Ammonia
d. Glutamine
e. None 0f the above
All of the following molecules are formed in the pentose phosphate pathway EXCEPT
a. Carbon dioxide
b. Pentose 5 phosphate
c. NADPH
d. NADH
e. Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate
The enzyme transaldolase is a component of
a. The TCA cycle
b. The hexose monophosphate shunt
c. Fatty acid synthase
d. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
e. None of the above
The core sugars of N linked oligosaccharides are preassembled as dericative of ____ propf to
their transfer to a newliy synthesizes polypeptide
a. Adenosine diphosphate
b. Coenzyme A
c. Dolichol phosphate
d. Thiamine pyrophosphate
e. Phosphoenolpyruvate
What is a major function of the hexose monophosphate shunt?

a. Produces pentoses
b. Produced ADP
c. Pathway of glucuronic acid synthesis
d. None
10) Carbon number 1 of glucose is the hexose monophosphate shunt is converted to
a. Ribose
b. Deoxyribose
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Fatty acid