Plumbing:

Alley. 3 meters with walk, not less than 2 meters.

Alter or alteration. change use or material.
Back pressure. (drainage) air pressure in drainage pipe greater
than atmospheric pressure.
Back flow. (water) flow of water in water system from other
sources other than its water source, also called back siphonage.
Back siphonage. for drainage and water.
Back vent pipe. also called individual vents, F C O (floor clean out)
for 1st floor, W C O (wall clean out) for 2nd floor and up, diameter for
individual vents is 2 to 3 inches and drainage line is 4 inches.
Ball cock. faucet opened and closed by a ball floating on the
water, also called ball cock valve.
Ball joint. for W C without water storage tank, a cup like shell, ball
in cup-like shell that allow movement.
Battery of fixtures. similar adjacent fixtures, 2 or more is called a
battery.
Bell or hub. that portion of a pipe which for a short distance, is
sufficiently enlarged to receive the end of another pipe of the
same diameter for the purpose of making a joint.
Bending pin. (or iron) a tool used for straightening or expanding
lead pipe.

Bibb. known today as hose bib (H B), part of water line and is a
faucet found in service area and gardens.
Key cock. used in hospitals, chemical laboratory, and laboratories.
Compression cock.
Self-closing faucet.
Bidet. (lavatory always on the left.), a plumbing fixture use to
wash the genitals, also called a sitz bath (tool bath), types:
1. Stall.
2. Stand.
3. Recessed.
Materials for pipes:

1. C I S P. 2. Acid resistant C I P.
3. Asbestos pipe.
4. Bituminous fiber sewer pipes.
5. Vitrified clay pipe.
6. Lead pipe.
7. Galvanized steel pipe.
8. Galvanized wrought iron pipe.
9. Brass pipe. most expensive and most durable (not available
commercially).
10. Copper pipe. used in H V A C.
11. Plastic or synthetic pipe.
Choice of pipe:
1. Quality.
2. Cost of installation.
a. Labor.
b. Material.
3. Resistance to chemical and acid waste.
4. Durability.
Reason of C I S P for drainage:
1. Easy drainage installation.
2. Availability.
Closing end of pipes:
1. Cap.
2. Plug.
Types of flange:
1. Drilled.
2. Blank.
3. Blind.
Blank flange. flange that is not drilled. types:
1. Slip flange.
2. Screw flange.
leaching cesspool.
Blind flange. a flange that closes the end of a pipe. There is no
opening for the passage of water.
Blow-off. use in hot water storage tank, controlled outlet/pipe use
to discharge water detritus and steam, one type of releif vent.
2 types of hot water tank:
1. Range boiler.

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2. Hot water storage tank.

Branch (water and drainage and storm drain)(horizontal), (water)
branch out of the house service pipe which is the largest pipe,
(drainage) connects to house drain to septic tank, any part of the
pipes not the main pipe or stack.
Branch interval. a length of soil or waste stack that branch into
the main at storey height, one branch not less than 8 feet, types:
1. soil pipe. use water closet.
2. waste. other waste water.
Stack. a vertical pipe (drainage).
Riser. a vertical pipe (water).
Branch vent. a vent pipe connecting from a branch of the drainage
system to a vent stack.
Building drain. house drain.

Circuit vent. a group vent extending from in front of the last

fixture connection on a horizontal branch to the vent stack, limited
to 3 to 5 fixture per vent.
Common vent. (dual vent or unit vent), serving 2 or more fixtures.
Conductor. (downspout, rainleader, roof leads), a vertical pipe to
convey rain water.
Continous vent. is a vertical vent that is a continuation of the
drain, to which the vent connects.
Corporation cock. (corporation stop, stop vault), to stop water to an
individual house, connected to metering device and the water
main.
Coupling.
Court. open unoccupied area.
Gooseneck. to prevent high pressure.
Water outlet. any faucet, water closet, etcetera.

Building sewer. house sewer, is that part of plumbing found

extending 4 or 5 feet from interface of foundation wall.
Building sub-drain. that portion of a drainage system which cannot
drain by gravity into the building sewer.
Bushing. joining the different size pipes in single run.
Caulking. plugging or opening with oakum used in jointing.
Oakum. a hemp fiber melted.
Cap. closing a pipe or pipe line.

Cross connection. a physical connection between 2 system.

Ferrule. the clean out.

Catch basin. CB, for rain water retention of storm or rain water.
AD-CB. area drain, catch basin.

Diameter. types:
1. outside diameter. (brass, copper).
2. internal diameter. (iron, etcetera).
3. nominal internal diameter.

Dead end. the extended portion of a pipe that is closed at one end
to which no connections are made on the extended portion, thus
permitting the stagnation of water or air therein.
Developed length. length along the center line of a pipe to the
fitting.

Double-bend fitting. use commonly in factories, a pipe fitting

shaped like the letter "S".
Cesspool. a pit for the reception or detention of sewage.
Effluent. having a solid and liquid separate chamber.
Leeching cesspool. old waste goes down and at side.

Double offset. 2 offsets in succession in series in the same time.

Valves:
Check valves. automatically closes to prevent backflow or reverse
direction or flow of water.

Flat offset. used in ventillation air stack.

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Drain. a sewer on other pipe or conduit used for conveying ground

water, surface water, storm water, waste water, or sewage.
FD. floor drain.
Fixture drain. the drain from the trap of a fixture to the junction of
the drain with any other drain pipe, from fixture to main drain or
the junction itself.
Drainage system. the drainage pipes of the plumbing system that takes
waste water to the sewers. 3 components:
1. Drainage.
2. Waste.
3. Vent.

Fixture unit:
1 person 8 gallon per minute, 1 and one half gallon per minute.
Lavatory. 2 fixtures unit.
WC. 6 fixture unit.
Flashing. a piece of sheet metal fitted under another piece of flat
metal or wood over which water is expected to run.
Float level. a level at the fixture where water will flow over the
edge of the fixture or rim.
Flood level/overflow level. the level in a fixture at which water
begins to overflow the top or rim of the fixture.

Dry vent. only with air, no waste ever goes through it, vent stack.

Floor area. the area minus the shaft, pipe chase and pipe sleeves,
the area included between the wall exclusive of vent, shaft and
sleeve.

Wet vent. stack vent.

Flush valve. W. C., directly connected with the supply.

Ferrule. a metallic sleeve, calked or otherwise, joined to an

opening in a pipe, into which a plug is screwed that can be
removed for the purpose of cleaning or examining the interior of
the pipe, clean out (WCO, FCO), size of cleanout 4 inches.

Flushometer valve. with aid of water tank.

Fixture. a receptacle attached to a plumbing system.

Classification according to use:
1. Soil:
a. Water closet.
b. Slop sink.
c. Urinals.
2. Scullery:
A scullery is a room in a house traditionally used for washing up dishes
and laundering clothes, or as an overflow kitchen when the main kitchen is
overloaded. ...
a. Kitchen sink.
b. Laundry sink.
c. Pantry sink. large kitchen sink.
3. Bathing:
a. Bath tub.
b. Biddet.
c. Shower bath. complete assembly.
Fixture branch. the supply pipe between the fixture and the water
distributing pipe, all branch connected to fixture.

Gate valve. inlet, a valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of
a circular disk, fitting against machine-smoothed faces, at right angles to
the direction of flow. The disk is raised or lowered by means of a
threaded stem connected to the handle of the valve. the opening in
the valve is usually as large as the full bore of the pipe.
Globe valve. a valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a
circular disk that fits against the valve seat. The plane of movement of
the disk is parallel to the normal direction of flow of water, which is
turned through a tortuous passage to direct the flow normal to the face of
the disk, can control gas and air.
Goose neck. a return bend of small-sized pipe one end of which is
about 1 foot long and the other end is about 3 inches long. It is
commonly used as a faucet for a pantry sink. Also, the lead connection
between a service pipe and a water main.
Grade. slope of pipes, two percent slope or one fourth inch per
foot.
Ground water. three sources of water:
1. Rainfall. storm water.
2. Natural surface. Surface water.
3. Underground water. ground water, portion of the rainfall or
percipitation.

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Group vent. a branch vent that performs its function for 2 or more traps.
Height of building. vertical distant from grade line to the highest
point of the roof of the building.
Horizontal branch. a branch drain extending laterally from a soil
or waste stack, with or without vertical sections or branches, that
receives the discharge from one or more fixture drains and
conducts it to the soil or waste stack or to the building drain.

Main. the main of any system: main sewer line, main water supply
line, main/public storm sewer, distributing main.
Main vent. vent stack.
Man hole. access for man to go through, 3 meters depth minimum.
Master plumber. person with knowledge of plumbing who employs
plumbers, for residential.
Nipple.

House storm sewer. house catch basin, is the pipeline from the building to
the public storm sewer system.

Sanitary engineer. for large establishment.

Slope. pitch, grade, mot exceed 2 %.
Plan. must be sealed by a professional sanitary engineer.

Indirect waste pipe. a waste pipe that does not connect directly
with the building drainage system but discharge into it through a
properly trapped fixture or receptacle, not connect to waste pipes.

Plasiomic valve. ball in the water closet.

Plumbing. the art and technique of installing in building pipes and
fixtures.

Individual vent. back vent pipe.

Industrial waste. liquid waste from industry free of waste, toxic
waste.
Installation of plumbing. by master plumber.
Interceptor. receptable to intercept and separate grease,
chemicals, and oil, grease trap.

Plumbing fixtures. a receptable attached to a plumbing system

other than a trap in which water or waste may be collected or
retained for ultimate discharge into the plumbing system.

Invert. the lowest portion of the inside of any pipe or conduit that
is not vertical.
Latrine. WC with continuous water supply, not a permanent
installation.
Lavatory. wash basin for washing face and hand.
Length of pipe. the length as measured along.
Local vent. crude vent.
Loop or circuit vent. , a continuation of a horizontal soil or waste
pipe beyond the connection at which liquid waste from a fixture
enter the waste or soil pipe, circuit vent, associated with vent
stack.
Circuit. stock vent.

Plumbing system. the plumbing system of the building,

institution, factory or industrial establishment from bring and
distributing water to discharging sewer, sewerage system.
Plumbing official. hold authority in water and sewerage and
national plumbing code.
MWSS.
LWVA.
LOWA.
DPWH.

urban.
rural.
local water.
in charge of the sewers.

Potable water. water fit for drinking, culinary and domestic

purposes.
Primary branch. is the single sloping drain from the base of the
stack to its junction with the main building drain or with another
branch thereof, same as lateral.
Private or private use. for private use.
Private sewer. private owned and not directly controlled by public
authority.

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Privy. outhouse or structure use to dispose excrement.

Privy vault. a pit beneath a privy in which excrement collects.
Public or public use. public is invited to use these in any
institution.
Public sewer. common sewer directly controlled by public
authority, main sewer.
Releif vent. help provide circulation of air between drainage and
vent system
Repair. repairing or replacing a small part of the system.
Return bend. 180 degrees turn.
Revent pipe. back vent pipe, individual vent.
Riser. vertical pipes use only on water.
Reservoir. water cistern.
Orifice. to releive pressure from downfeed system.
Roughing in. pipes without the fixtures.
Sanitary sewage. (domestic waste) domestic sewage combination
of human excrement and liquid household waste.
Sanitary sewer. for sanitary sewage with or without industrial
waste but without rain water.
Seal. vertical distance between the dip and the crown, water in
traps. top dip
Indirect momentum siphonage. seal is sucked out.
Secondary branch. any branch in a building drain other than the
primary branch.
Septic tank. watertight receptacle which receives the discharge of
a plumbing system.
Service pipe. the pipe from the water main or source of water
supply to the building served.
Sewage. the liquid waste conducted away from the
establishments.
Sewer. a pipe or conduit for carrying sewage and waste liquid.
Sewerage/sewerage works. sewer system of the entire community,
including collection, transportation, pumping, and treatment.
Shaft. (chase) a vertical opening through a building for elevators,
etceteras.
Siamese connection. a wye connection used on fire lines so that 2
lines of hose may be connected to a hydrant or to the same nozzle.
Siphonage. vaccum or suction created by the flow of liquid in
pipes. -negative pressure
Soil pipe. from water closet, urinals.

Soil stack pipe. vertical pipe for fecal matter or liquid waste.
Spigot/faucet. the end of a pipe which fits into a bell.
Stack. a general term used for any vertical line of soil, waste, or
vent piping.
Stack vent. for soil and waste stack connected to the highest
horizontal drain connected to the stack.
Standpipes. a vertical pipe usually used for the storage of water,
frequently under pressure, types:
1. Wet.
2. Dry.
Storm water. that portion of the rainfall or other precipitation which runs off
over the surface after a storm.
Story. surface of floor to surface of next floor.
Subsoil drain. building sub-drain.
Sump. a pit or receptacle at a low point to which the liquid wastes
are drained.
Supports. hangers, cradles, straps, etceteras.
Surface water. natural water or water on the surface after a rain.
Tapped tee. a cast-iron bell-end tee with the branch tapped to receive a
threaded pipe or fitting. used only for ventillation.
Sanitary tee.
Trap. a fitting or device so constructed as to prevent air, gas and some
vermin through a pipe.
Union. to move one pipe only.
Unit vent. an arrangement of venting so installed that one vent pipe will
serve 2 traps.
Vaccum. an air pressure less than atmospheric. also siphonage.
Vent. a pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of the air in a
plumbing system and for reducing the pressure exerted on trap seals.
Vent stack. for ventillation.
Vertical pipe. any pipe or fitting installed in a vertical position.

255734724.doc

Wet vent. that portion of the vent pipe through which liquid waste
flow.
Waste pipe. lavatory, floor drain., a pipe which convey only liquid
waste, free of fecal matter.
Yard. is an open, unoccupied space, other than a court.
Planning:
1. Location of C O:
a. In every change in direction.
b. All horizontal pipes.
c. At every 15 feet of pipe.
2. Provision of individual ventillation connected to ypur VSTR.
3. Traps:
a. House trap.
b. Grease trap.
c. Seal trap.
4. Soil pipe/waste pipe.
5. Offset.
Water supply:
1. Location of main line.
2. Prohibition use of cross T.
3. Provision of air chamber.
4. Use of valves.
3 types of water distribution:
1. Upfeed system.
2. Downfeed system (gravity).
3. Zoning system.
Pipe lengths:
1. Brass pipe: 20 feet.
2. PVC: 10 to 20 feet.
3. RSC: 10 to 20 feet.
4. G I: 20 feet.
5. C I: 5 feet.
6. Cement: 1 meter.
3 available private disposal system:
1. Cess pool.
2. Septic tank or vault.
3. Privy.

4. Public sewer line.

Public sewer line:
1. Trunk line.
2. Tributary.
Septic tank. decompose raw sewage in 2 process:
1. Sedimentation.
2. Anaeboric decomposition.
Sludge. creates bacteria to create anaerobic.
Construction and location of septic tank:
1. 15 meters away from potable water.
2. Must have an inlet and outlet made of sanitary Y.
Minimum water content depth of 1.20 meters for proper reduction of
organic materials, with a total depth of 1.50 meters.
Dimension of a septic tank: 0.75 by 1.5 by 1.20 meters.
Technical data:
1. Minimum width: 0.90.
2. Minimum length: 1.50.
3. Minimum depth: 1.20.
4. Residential: 0.14 to 0.17 meter cube per person.
5. 12 persons, not more than 2.0 meters cube.
6. School, commercial, industrial: 0.057 meter cube to .086 meter cube per
person.
Manhole has intervals of 75 meters to 150 meters, with a diameter of .90
to 1.20 meters. And is protuded 15 centimeters from surface to overcome
water infiltration.
Types of waste:
1. Black: feces.
2. Grey: soap.
3. White: rain water.
2 types of standpipes:
1. Dry.
2. Wet.
Types of vents:

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1. Wet vent. for water.

2. Dry vent. for air.
Types of tanks:
1. Suction type tank.
2. Pneumatic tank.
3. Elevated tank.
4. House tank.
P traps:
1. Common seal trap: 50 millimeter depth between overflow and dip, used
in lavatories.
2. Deep seal trap. 75 to 100 millimeters depth between overflow and dip,
used in sinks.
Moldex uses the O-ring.
Septic tank. cannot be outside property line and inside house, position
next to last fixture served, good in laundry area.
Aeration process. one method to separate waste from water in a public
filtering system.
To prevent leakage from treaded connection use teflon, for flange
type use gusset.
A device which introduces air into an existing stream of water,
aerator fitting.
A backflow preventor is a device to prevent backflow into a potable
water supply.
A plumbing fixture used especially for washing the middle parts of the
body, bidet/prosterior.
A blank flange is a flange that is not drilled.
A back vent is a vent connecting one or more individual vents with
a VS or a SV.
A drain that convey storm water to a satisfactory terminal, catch basin.
A gate valve or service cock, corporatin cock.
House drain is a system of horizontal piping inside a building that extends
and connects with the house sewer. 2 types:
1. Combine drain. (sanitary and storm).

2. Sanitary drain.
Drum trap is a special equipment used on plumbing fixtures that discharge
large volume of water.
Self closing faucet, faucets are used when it is descred that the flow of
water is stopped automatically upon release of the pressure of the hand.
The most common form of iron found in spring and well water is ferrous
bicarbonate (a colorless salt).
In tall buildings, sprinklers can be supplied with water from elevated
storage tank.
Fire extinguishment is normally accomplished by absorption of heat by
carbon monoxide and reduction of temperature.
The fire code of the philippines was created under the P D 1185.
Any act that would remove or neutralize a fire hazard, abatement.
It is not prefferable to use short radius fittings on soil branches for making
changes in direction.
A flush valve is a type of plumbing accessories.
In sewerage system pipe should be installed with a grade of 1 4th inch per
foot.
Water supply outlets usually installed outside the building, hose
bib.
The principal use of hydropneumatic tank is for air under pressure storage.
Caulking and threading are 2 different methods of connecting pipes and
fittings.
A manhole is an access chamber for underground piping.
G I pipes used for water lines are commonly manufactured in
length of 20 feet.
Water pressure instrument, pressure gauge.
A plastic pipe for hot and cold water, PVDC pipes.
A water pump most commonly used for elevation of waste, sump
pump.
Roughing-in is the installation of all parts of plumbing sustem
which can be completed prior to the installation of fixtures.

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Small particle of smoke can be detected in less than a minute.

Wet and dry fire water pipes are called standpipe.
Siamese is a wye connection.
Integrated network of hydraulic design piping system, sprinkler system.
Responsible of fire code, director general.
Sanitary and industrial plumbing water piping inside building and
premises shall conform to the provisions of national plumbing code.
The design, construction, and operation of deepwells for abstraction of
groundwater sources shall be subjected to the provisions of the water code
of the Philippines.
The quality of drinking water from meteoric surfaces and underground
sources shall conform to the criteria set forth by National Standards of
Drinking water.
Sanitary sewages from buildings and neutralized or pre-treated industrial
waste water shall be discharged directly to the nearest street sanitary
sewer main in accordance with the criteria set in the code of sanitation and
the national pollution control commission.
All pipe materials to be used in buildings shall conform to the
standard specs of the Philippine standard council (PSC).
Electrical plans and specifications below 20 outlets or a capacity of 4 kw up
to 600 v shall be signed and sealed by duly licensed master electrician.
U A P is duly accredited for architects while the following:
1. Civil engineers. P I C E (Philippine institute of civil engineers).
2. Mechanical engineers. P S M E (Philippine society of mechanical
engineers).
3. Electrical engineers. I I E E (institue of integrated electrical
engineer).
4. Master plumbers. NAMPAP.
Color coding:
1. Water line. blue.
2. Electrical. red, orange, light gray.
3. Sanitary. Orange, brown.
All electrical system, equipment and installlation mentioned in the code
shall conform to the provision of the Philippine ekectrical code, as adopted

by the board of electrical engineering persuant to R A 184 otherwise known

as the electrical engineering law.
All mechanical systems, equipment and installation mentioned in this code
shall conform to the provisions of the philippine mechanical engineering
code, as adopted by the board of mechanical engineering pursuant to
Commonwealth Act number 294 as amended, otherwise known as the
Mechanical engineering law.
Industrial establishment shall be provided with positive noise abatement
devices to tone down the noise level of equipment and machineries to
acceptable limits set down by the department of labor and the national
pollution control commission.
In the application form for mechanical, electrical, and
sanitary/plumbing permits, the Professional in charge shall sign
and seal and write in the box the following:
1. PRC registration number.
2. Full name in print.
3. PTR number.
4. Address of P I C (professional in charge).
5. PTR date/place of issue.
6. T I N.
In applying for electrical wiring permit, the required are:
1. Electrical wiring plan or layout.
2. Schedule of loads.
3. Location plan.
4. vicinity plan.
5. Riser diagram.
6. General notes (specs).
7. Legends and symbols.
8. Details.
5 sets of building plans and specs are given to:
1. Applicant.
2. Architect and engineering department.
3. Land use and zoning.
4. Land and grade.
5. Local fire chief.
Aside from the professional, the professional in charge can sign
and seal his/her name in the DPWH forms.

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2 other signatories in DPWH application form for certificate of

completion (electrical works) aside from building owner:
1. Professional electrical engineer/master plumber.
2. Contractor.
2 documents required for certificate of occupancy from building
official:
1. Certificate of completion.
2. Logbook.
PD 1096 prescribes that dry standpipe is required for every
building of 4 or more floors.
Dry standpipe shall have sufficient strength to withstand a water pressure
of 20 kilograms per square centimeter when ready for service.
All dry standpipe shall extend from the ground floor and over the roof and
shall be equipped with 63 millimeters outlet in every floor level with a
minimum height from floor line of 1.20 meters.
The minimum size of a fire hose outlet of an interior wet standpipe
is 38 millimeter diameter.
The frames on either side of the moving steps of an escalator is
called balustrade.
The maximum angle of inclination of an escalator is 30 degrees.
A device designed to stop a descending elevator or counterweight
beyond its normal limit of travel by absorving and dissipating the
kinetic energy of the car or counter weight is called buffer.
In high rise apartments or residential condominiums of more than
5 stories, the minimum number of elevator that shall be kept on a
24 hour service is one.
The minimum clear distance from any part of a boiler to any wall as per
NBC is 1 meter.
Smokestacks shall have a minimum rise above the eaves of any building of
5 meters.
The temperature and humidity of the air for comfortable cooling is to be
maintained at 68 to 74 degrees fahrenheit.
Lighting outlet. direct connection of a lampholder.
Type 2 building under NBC shall be fire resistive for 1 hour.

Cross bar. device half the width of door leaf which opens the door when
subjected to pressure.
Condenser. where vaporized refrigerants is liquified.
Minimum clear height of a window type aircon at grounfd floor is
2.13 meters.
International access signs have white graphics on blue
blackground.
NBC allows circular stairs as exit if minimum width of run is not less than
250 millimeters.
Service connection line. connects horizontal main to water service meter.
Fixtures. recieve and discharge water into the drainage system.
The minimum size of trap and branches allowed for bath tub is 2 inches
diameter.
Riser. a potable water supply that extend vertically one full storey or more
to convey water to branches and fixtures.
In
1.
2.
3.

buildings, water supply for fire fighting must meet:

Be part of domestic supply of building.
Be added to domestic supply of building.
Not required if fire hydrant is within 100 meters.

Fire damper is also called smoke damper which can also be smoke damper
serve as fire damper.
Each door in a means of egress shall not be 70 centimeter.
Plumbing code provisions:
1. All roof extension of soil and waste stack should run full size at least 0.30
meters above the roof.
2. Other than weather protection, not less than 2.5 meters above the roof.
3. If there are doors, windows, scuttle, air chafts distance edge to edge is 3
meters.
Usual trouble in pipes is in its fittings.
Rendering a pipe waterproof, caulking.
Cast iron in length of 5 feet.

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Pipe of sanitary drainage, cast iron and PVC.

Enlarged part of pipe to receive another end, hub.
Connection of sprinkler to ceiling:
1. Distance between sprinklers, 3 meters.
2. Area covered by a sprinkler, 9 square meters.
Electricity:
From NBC:
Lines must be 10 to 7.5 meters in height from sidewalk.
Poles not less than 5 meters from fire hydrant.
Poles not less than 150 meters from a curb.
For building over 15 meters in height there must be 2 to 2.5 meters open
from face of building to pole for ladders.
Conductors over 3oo volts shall not be carried near the ground surface
unless guarded or made unaccessible.
Lines must clear from building surface of no less than .075 meters.
Lines passing over roofs and building tops must have clearance of 1 to 3
meters.
Service drop clearance over roof must not be less than 2.5 meters.
Service drop must not be less than 3 meters from ground.
There should be 2 services by law.
Fees are 5 pesos for permit of pole and installation of pole.
Approved. acceptable to the authority enforcing the code.
Electricity. electric phenomena manisfectation.
Atoms:
1. Electron. negative.
2. Proton. positive.
3. Neutron. neutral.
2 general classes:
1. Dynamic electricity (electromagnetic). flows through a
substance, over its surface in the form of electric current.
2. Static electricity (static/electrostatic).
Accessible. not permanently closed in by the structure or finish of the
building; capable of being removed without disturbing the building structure
or finish. Admitting close approach because not guarded by locked doors,
elevation, or other effective means.

Electric current. electric flow in an electric current (amperage)

expressed in amperes.
Electric circuit. electric path composed of a conductor or of several
conductors and conducting electric devices joined together through which
an electric current flows when the path is completed and an EMF is applied.
Circuit diagram. diagram that represent an electric circuit on
papers.
Chase. a recess built in wall to receive piping and wiring.
Mica. best heat insulators.
Electromotive force (EMT). the force without cause (or tend to
cause) the movement of electricity in a conductor.
Electro magnet.
Close circuit (complete). connected to form a continous path from the
source of current back to the same point.
Open circuit (broken or incomplete). conducting elements are disconnected
as to prevent the flow of electricity.
Post knoll effect electrical thermal.
Rheostat. also considered as a dimmer.
Service entrance wire. from attachment service cap to panel
board.
Service drop. attached from Meralco up to building service cap.
THW. for outside and inside.
PTW. for interior.
Watt. ampere times voltage.
Air is a poor conductor of electricity.
Short circuit. a condition resulting from bridging any part of a
circuit with a conductor of a very low resistance.
Amperes. basic unit of electric current.
Amperage. the flow of electric current in a circuit, expressed in
amperes.
Ampacity. the current carrying of a wire or cable expressed in
amperes, (without undue heat).
Ammeter. instrument to measure rate of flow of electricity.
2 types of circuits:

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1. Parallel (multiple). when 2 or more electrical devices are

connected so that each one offers a separate path for the flow of
current between 2 points.
2. Series (simple SC). all parts of a circuit are electrically
connected end to end.
Device. a unit/component of electrical system which is intended to carry
but not consume electrical energy. example: switch.
Lighting circuit is 100 watt maximum.
Shunt. when a circuit is divided into 2 or more branches, each
branch transmitting part of the current. The conductor of each
branch taken separately.
Connectors use for metal:
1. Bushing.

Rectifier. (rotary converter) converts AC to DC, example:

transformer. Types:
1. Selenium type.
2. Silicon type.
3. Copper-oxide type.
Phase. the number of alternating current that goes to your
conductor.
Relation of EMF current resistance. ratio between pressure and resistance
(opposition).
Strength of the continuous current. ratio between EMF and resistance of
the conductors.
Ohm's law (George Simon Ohm):
Formula: I = V/R.
I. current flow (in amperes).
V. EMF (in volts).
R. resistance (friction in ohms).
Voltage, electrical pressure, (volt): V = I R.
Current: I = V/R.
Resistance: R=V/I.

2. Lock nut.

Voltage (volt). unit of EMF/measure of the pressure or force which

keeps electricity in motion.
Voltimeter. device to measure the voltage of the circuit/an
instrument for measuring the voltage drop between any 2 points in
an electric circuit, example: generator/cell/battery.

3. Coupling.
Classification of electrical current:
1. Direct current. flow in only one (or some) direction/flow is said
to be from negative to positive (fixed polarity)(can be steady or
may vary).
Common source. current supplied by a battery (storage)/dry cell.
a. Continous DC. remains steady or uniform.
b. Pulsating/fluctuating DC. strength varies at different times.
2. Alternating curent. continually reverses its flow, its direction of
flow/current that changes in both strenght and direction in a given time,
alternates 60 times per second, with a frequency of 60 cycles per second
(60 hertz).

General note: 1 volt is the pressure which causes 1 ampere to flow through
a wire with a resistance of 1 ohm.
Watt. rate of power used/represent how much is the equivalent
heat volt and amperes produced if plugged to an appliances,
measure the power consumed, potential difference of 1 volt cause
a current of 1 ampere to flow.
Potential difference. when a source of electromotive force is
applied to a conductor, the conductor is said to have a difference in
potential energy.
Wattmeter. instrument that measure the amount of instantaneous
power or power in use at any one time.

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Watt-hour meter, kilowatt-hour meter, electricity meter.

instrument used to measure the energy consumed over a period of
time, measure and register the active power in an electric circuit
with respect to time.
Pole. 2 live wire.
2 pole. 2 live wire, 1 ground.
Types of conduits:
1. RSC.
2. IMC.
3. EMT. electrical metallic tubing.
4. Flexible metal conduit.
5. Aluminum conduit.
6. Non-metallic conduit.
7. Exposed metallic raceways.
RSC. Rigid steel conduit.
IMC. Metallic conduit.
Conduits should be supported every 3 to 15 feet.
Alternator. a generator of AC is produced by the turning of its rotor, a
device for generating an alternating EMF, for high voltage equipments.
Generator. a machine that converts mechanical energy (power)
into electical energy (power).
Motor. a machine that converts electrical energy to mechanical
energy.
Battery. combination of 2 or more electric cell capable of storing
and supplying direct current by electro-chemical means, 2 distinct
classes:
1. Primary battery. deliver electricity as soon as the parts are assembled
or put together provided that it is connected in a circuit.
2. Secondary/storage battery. electricity from some external source
(rechargable).
Nickel-cadnium cell. has gained considerable popularity.
Electrical system of building: (main component/system component) 3
categories:
1. Wiring. includes conductors and raceways of all types.

Conductors. a wire cable or device offering low resistance to the flow of

electric current or other form of metal suitable for carrying currents,
examples: copper cable.
Insulator. a material that stops transfer of herts/power of the electric
current, resists heat.
Raceways. channel designed expressly for holding wires, cables, bustors.
2. Equipments. general term including fittings devices, appliance
fixtures, apparatus used as part of, or in connection with an
electrical installation.
3. Appliances. is a utilization equipment, generally other than industrial,
normally built in standardized sizes or types, which is installed or
connected as a unit to perform one or more functions; current consuming
equipments. Types:
a. Fixed.
b. Portable.
c. Stationary.
Wires and cables:
1. Flexible metal clad cable (FC). A C flexible armored cable.
Metal clad (MC). services, feeders, branch circuits, circuits,
exposed/concealed indoors/outdoors works.
Feeders. cables that goes into a building.
2. Non-metallic sheated cable.
3. Conductor for general wiring. most common building wire, copper wire,
example: TW wire (thermoplastic/PVC).
4. Special cable type:
a. American home run.
b. Cable bus. (busway) large conductors not circular in cross
section
c. Cable bars.
Raceways:
1. Floor raceways:
a. Underfloor raceways.
b. Cellular metal floor raceways.
Power handling equipment:
Transformers. a device for changing the voltage of an alternating current.
Outdoor transformers:
1. H-frame transformer bank. capacity as high as 1,000 kilowatts.
2. Cluster mounted on a single pole. 225 kilowatts capacity.
3. Pad-mounted. hinged.

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Indoor transformer:
1. Dry type:
a. Rated 600 volts or less of any kilowatts rating.
b. Rated 112 and a half kilowatts or less and 601 to 25,000 volts.
2. Askarel-insulated.
3. Oil-insulated transformer.
Transformer rates:
1. Step up transformer.
2. Step down transformer.
Fuse. can handle up to 2,000 volts.
Circuit breakers. are used when 2,000 volts and up.
Fuse types:
1. Cartridge fuse.
a. Single.
b. Dual.
2. Plug fuse.
Switch gear. also called unit sub-station.
Types of flourescents:
1. Bi-pin 2 flourescents.
2. Single pin flourescents. use for ultraviolet rays.
Phenolic base. a insulating material found at the end of the
flourescent at the base of the pins.
BX pipes. flexible metals.
Condulets. small conduits.
Height of electric meter from ground, 1.5 meters.
Height of C O, .20 meter.
Distances of C Os, 2 to 2.5 meters.
Height of switch, 1.1, 1.2, 1.5 meters.
Distance of switch from door jamb, .20 meters.
Bakelite. made from PVC and porcelain.
Master and slave. the electrical switch.
Size of wire and capacity:
1. #14 (2.5 millimeter): 15 amperes.
2. #12 (3.5 millimeter): 20 amperes.

3. #10 (4 millimeter): 30 amperes.

4. #8 (6 millimeter): 45 amperes.
5. #6 (10 millimeter): 65 amperes.
6. #3 (20 millimeter): 100 amperes.
7. #2 (25 millimeter): 115 amperes.
8. #1 (35 millimeter): 130 amperes.
9. #0 (50 millimeter): 150 amperes.
Types of elevators:
1. Electric: (parts):
a. Car.
b. Cables:
1. Guide shoe.
2. Compensation.
3. Buffer.
4. Secondary sheave.
5. Winding drum machine.
6. Landing zone.
c. Counterwieght.
d. Contol equipments:
1. Control panel.
2. Governor.
3. Safety.
4. Tension sheave.
5. Limit switches.
6. Operating device.
7. Car leveling device.
e. Elevator pit.
f. Shaft or hoistway.
g. Penthouse or elevator machine room.
h. Elevator machine:
1. Motor generator.
2. Generator field (motor) control.
3. Rheostatic control.
i. Guide rail.
2. Hydraulic: (parts):
a. Car or cab.
b. Control system.
c. Elevator pit.
d. Shaft or hoistway.
e. Plunger.
f. Elevator machine room.
g. Guide rail.
h. Guide shoes.

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i. Spring buffer.
j. Floor stop and limit switch.
k. Creepage and leveling cam switch.
l. Car gate switch.
m. Controller.
n. Motor and pump with tank.

2.
3.
4.
5.

Parts of an elevator:
1. Electrical, mechanical room.
2. Hoistway/shaft.
3. Pit.
4. Penthouse.
5. Tension sheave.
6. Counterweight.
7. Travel.
8. Oil and spring buffer.
9. Guide rail.
10. Car platform.
11. Car.
12. Cable socket.
13. Dovetail joints.
14. Cable.
15. Machine beam.
16. Elevator machine.
17. MG set.

Types of escalators:
1. Criss-cross.
2. Parallel.

Counter weight. weight of car and 40 % of its weight of car

capacity.
Freight elevators: (for hoisting and lowering equipments).
1. Dumb waiter. no passengers, just equipments.
2. Plunger elevator. using piston (for heavy loads).
3. Sidewalk elevator. from sidewalk level going down only.
4. Freight elevators. one person plus equipments.
System of elevator selection of operation:
1. Push button control. caters those who called first and push first.
2. Collective control. collects all ups and downs.
3. Electronic supervisory collective dispatching and control. use for high
rise building with constant traffic (service specific number and level of
floors).
Consideration of elevator selection:
1. Types of use or occupancy.

Floor height/ ceiling height.

Total height of building.
Available speed.
Car capacity.

Speed of elevators: 5 kilometers per hour.

Parts of an escalator:
1. Balustrade assembly.
2. Handrails.
3. Truss.
4. Endless belt.
5. Sprocket assembly.
6. Driving machine.
Other parts:
7. Tracks.
8. Emergency brake.
9. Controller.
10. Emergency stop button.
12. Key operated switches.
Normal width of escalators: 32 to 48 inches.
Air conditioning standards:
1. Heating and humidifying.
2. Cooling and dehumidifying.
3. Air motion. 15 to 25 feet per minute, at height of 36 inches above the
ground.
4. Air supply. 5 to 10 cubic feet per person.
Types of A C:
1. ACCU.
2. ATC.
3. CAC.
4. FCU.
5. AHU.
6. HVAC.
7. RAC.
8. PAC.
9. TR.

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5. Humidifier. a device for moistening air to a desired degree.

Parts of an A C U:
1. Cooling towers.
2. Air curtain.
Aircon load: (HP, 115 V, 230 V)
1/6, 4.4 amperes, 2.2 amperes.
1/4, 5.8 amperes, 2.9 amperes.
1/3, 7.2 amperes, 3.6 amperes.
1/2, 9.8 amperes, 4.9 amperes.
3/4, 13.8 amperes, 6.9amperes.
1, 16 amperes, 8amperes.
1 1/2, 20mperes, 10mperes.
2, 24mperes, 12mperes.
3, 34mperes, 17mperes.
A C system:
1. Unitarian:
a. Package.
b. Cabinet.
2. Centralized. use of cooling tower.
5 important components of air conditioning:
1. Cooling unit.
2. Compressor.
3. Condenser fan.
4. Cooler.
5. Control/motor.
A C equipments:
1. Filter. removes the larger dirt and pollen particles in order to prevent
clogging spaces between the plates. Types:
a. Electrostatic filter.
b. Replacable filters.
c. Cleanable/renewable filters.
d. Roll type, disposable media.
e. Throwaway filters.
2. Cooling coil. arranged so that the cooling consists of bank of tubes. A
cold fluid is circulated on the inside of the tube. When the surface of the
cooling coil is at temperature below dew point of air, it drips to a collecting
pan and disposed off those draw connection.
3. Heating Coil. constructed similar to the cooling coil. However fluid
circulated inside has a high temperature.
4. Fan. fan pulls the air from intake through filter of the aircon unit and
distributes it to the conditioned space.

Types of refrigeration compressors.

1. Reciprocating.
2. Centrifugal.
3. Absorption.
4. Screw.
Electric motors. requires starting devices (starter):
1. Steam turbine. type of refrigeration plant which takes up space.
2. Well water.
3. Cooling towers.
4. Pumps (centrifugal).
Types of aircon:
1. Unitary type/package type. depends on refrigerants as their
cooling method.
Advantages:
a. Control is at hand of the occupant or tenant.
b. Cooling towers, chillers, pumps, pipings are avoided,
saving space.
Disavantages:
a. Noise (creates sound).
b. Room units have shorter life than central plants.
Systems: 1/4 to 3 horsepower:
a. Unit type.
b. Through the wall.
c. Window type.
2. Package type A C system:
a. Needs from 3 tons to 100 tons (1 ton to 1 horsepower).
Location: where there is running water.
3. Centralized air conditioning system:
a. Have a machine/air conditioning room.
b. Bigger space to be airconditioned.
3. Needs a duct wall.
3 to 10 changes of air per hour at .45 cubic meter per minute.
Most common systems:
1. Air to refrigerants to air. room air is cooled by contact with cool
refrigerants and then becomes warm. Warm refrigerants is then cooled by
contact with outside air.

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2. Air to refrigerant to water to air. if air-cooled condensers are not

available, therefor cooling is needed. Thus this will take thye water that
has removed the heat from hot refrigerant and give heat to outdoor air.
3. Ait to water to refrigerant to water. complete heat transfer/most
economical.
System of distribution:
1. Air to air.
2. Air to air.
3. Chemical/refrigerants:
a. Ammonia.
b. Freon 11 and 12.
System of airconditioning:
1. Cooling by compressive refrigeration.
2. Cooling by absorption.
3. Thermoelectric cooling.
Thermostat. device which respond to change of temperature and
directly or indirectly controls it.
Hydrostat/humidistat. a device which measures the degree of
moisture in air.
Relay. electrical device which protects and controls the thermostat, uses
electrical energy to amplify or convert power of a thermostat.
Air lock. a space which is designed to isolate an air conditioned space from
another space which it is connected. A space which is designed to isolate
an air conditioned space from another space to which it is connected.
Air velocity. a quantity which donates the instantaneous time rate
and direction of air motion.
Pressure regulator. instrument sensitive to changes in pressure.
Control valve. any valve used to regulate fluid flow.

Compressor. a machine that draws vaporized refrigerants from the

evaporator at a low pressure, compact it, and then discharge it to a
condenser.
Accumulator. a vessel whose volume is used to reduce pulsation in a
refrigerant circuit.
Cooling tower. a structure on the roof of a building over which
water is circulated, so as to cool it evaporatively by contact of air.
Condenser. a heat exchange device in a refrigeration system;
consist of a vessel or arrangement of pipes or tubing in which
refrigerant vapor is liquified by the removal of heat.
Evaporator. that part of a refrigeration system in which refrigerant is
vaporized; thereby taking up external heat and producing cooling.
Adiabatic saturation. water to unsaturated air to increase
humidity ratio.
Humidity ratio. weight of actual water vapor over pounds of dry
air.
Dew point. temperature when water vapor becomes saturated and turn to
water.
Dry bulb temperature. temperature of vapor in fahrenheit thermometer,
temperature of a gas or mixture of gases indicated by an accurate
thermometer after correction for radiation.
Wet bulb temperature. the temperature at which liquid or solid water, by
evaporation into air, can bring the air to saturation adiabatically at the
same temperature.
Enthalphy. BTU per minute in fluid or gas.
Psychrometer. instrument to determine moisture in air.
Relative humidity. saturation of water vapor present in air.
Sensible heat. changing temperature without changing its state.
Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC):
Heat and temperature:
Sensible heat. heat through touch.
Absolute temperature. below freezing point.

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Pyometer. device for extremely high temperature.

Thermocouple. device for indicating sensible heat through uniting 2 wires.

Conductivity. defined as the number of BTUH that flow through one squar
foot of materiaL one inch thick when the temperature drop through the
material under conditions of steady heat flow is one degree Fahrenheit.

Katathermometer. alcohol thermometer to determine air movement and

air distribution.

Enthalpy. the total heat in the mixture measured above zero degree
Fahrenheit, including the latent heat of water vapor.

Heat transmission:

Plenum. an air conditioning compartment maintained under a

pressure slightly above atmospheric and connected to one or more
distribution duets.

Conduction. from body to body when it is in contact.

Convection. by motion of the particle.
Radiation. transmitting rays of heat through air.
Reflection and absorption:
Highly polish. reflects more absorb less.
Dull surface. absorbs more reflect less.
Heat units:
US-BTU.
Kilogram calorie. 1,000 grams calories, 3968 BTU.
Latent heat:
Latent heat of vaporization. liquid to gas and vice-versa.
Latent heat of fusion. liquid to solid and vice versa.
Heat and work:
Thermodynamics. heat to work or work to heat.
Mechanical equivalent. 1 BTU to 778 feet-pounds.
Machine room. consist of refrigeration plants that chills water that is
circulated to one or handling units.
Vapor lock. the formation of vapor in a pipe carrying liquids which prevents
normal fluid flow due to wrong application of freon gas.
Humidifier. a device used for moistening air to a desired degree.
Cold packet. usually refer to as the drafts in air condition.
Flue. it is the byproduct of combustion.

Incinerator. a furnace for consuming waste by fire.

Pressure regulator. instrument sensitive to change in pressure.
Parts of a package type air cond:
1. Motor out.
2. Air filter.
3. Grille.
4. Evaporator.
5. Motor in.
6. Compressor.
7. Fan and blower.
8. Viscous filter.
9. Distribution grille.
10 Condenser.
Heating, ventilation, and airconditioning. process of treating air to control
its temperature.
Heat transmission:
1. Conductor. transfer of heat from a place of higher temperature
to a place of a lower temperature.
2. Convection. transfer of heat by motion of the particle of the
heated substance itself.
3. Radiation. process of transmitting rays of heat by passing
through air.
Common heat distribution system:
1. Burner/boiler. source of heating.
Common methods of distributing heat:
1. Forced circulation of warm air.
2. Hot water.
Latent heat. heat due to changing state of that substance.

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Latent heat of evaporation. change is from liquid to gaseous state.

Latent heat of fusion. change is from solid to the liquid/liquid to the solid
state.

Musical tone. combination of many pure tones.

Velocity. sound travels at a velocity that depends primarily on the elasticity
and density of the medium.

Acoustics: the science of sound, including the generation, transmission,

and effect of sound waves. 3 elements:
1. Sound source: desirable and undesirable.
2. Path. transmission of sound.
3. Receiver.

Magnitudes of sound:
1. Sound power. (w) sound power in watts.
2. Sound intensity. power radiated in a specified direction through unit area
normal to this direction.
3. Sound pressure. variation from normal atmosphere pressure.
4. Decibel. unit of sound (in terms of magnitude); a dimensionless unit for
expressing the ratio of 2 numerical values on a logarithmic scale.
5. Sabin, sabine. sound absorption unit as called in honor of a pioneer in
architectural acoustics; unit of sound in the term of reverberation.

Sound:
1. Objective: flunctuation in pressure, a particle displacement in an elastic
medium like air.
2. Subjective: auditory sensation evoked by the physical fluctuation.
Parts of sound:
1. Frequency.
2. Velocity.
3. Wavelength.
Frequency. Pressure fluctuation per second; rate of repetition of a periodic
phenomenon (determines the pitch of a sound); number of displacement or
ascillations that a particle undergoes in one second; unit of frequency:
Hertz = cps (cycle per second); the higher the frequency, the higher the
pitch; normal ear responds to sounds within the audio frequency range of
about 20 to 20,000 hertz. Multitudes of frequency (components):
1. Low.
2. Medium.
3. High.
C P S. cycle per second, frequency per second.
Focusing. concave dome sound reflection.
Foci. sound foci, focusing.
Wavelength. the distance a sound wave travels during each
complete cycle of vibration; the distance between layers of
compression; wavelength = speed of sound / frequency (f/m).
Characteristics of sound:
Cycle. full circuit by the particle.
Amplitude. maximum displacement of a particle to either side of its
normal position during vibration.
Pure tone. one enrgy, one frequency; simplest kind of sound because it is
composed entirely of a single frequency.

Flutter. buzzing or clicking sound; rapid succession of reflected

soundwaves resulting from a single initial sound pulse.
Diffusion. ray diagramming; reflected sound from convex surfaces; Sound
level is everywhere the same.
Echo. reflected sound; a sound wave reflected or otherwise returned with
sufficient magnitude and delay so as to be perceived as a sound distinct
from the directly transmitted sound.
Reflection. the reflection of sound from a surface.
Background noise.
Masking noise (acoustic perfume).
Noise. unwanted sound.
Decay time. reverberation time.
Reverberation. Prolonged sound; persistaence of sound after the
source has stopped; due to repeated reflections of the sound
remaining between the enclosing surface.
Structural noise. structural borne transmission.
Air borne noise. air borne transmission.
Absorption. sound energy being absorbed.
The best sound absorber is people.
Generation. is the source of sound.
Creep. sound reflected from a curved surface.

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Focusing. occurs when sound waves are reflected from concave

surfaces and build up.
Attenuation factor. used to describe the room to room noise
reduction of a particular construction.
Impact transmission. what happens when a structure is in direct
contact with a vibrating source or is struck by an impulsive force.
Materials can be absorptive or reflective.
Fire safety:
1. Fire and smoke proof passages.
2. Standpipe locations.
3. Accessibility for the disabled.
Mechnical equipments:
Absorber. device containing for refrigerant vapor/vapors.
Acceleration. the derivative of velocity with time.
Accumulation:
Surge drum. a storage chamber for low-side liquid refrigerant.
Surge header. a pressure vessel whose volume is used as a
refrigerant circuit to reduce pulsation.
Aeration. exposing a substance, or area to air circulation.

Damper. a device used to vary the volume of air passing through

an air outlet, inlet, or duct.
Desicant. any absorbent/absorber, liquid or solid that will remove
water vapor from a material.
Engine. device for transforming fuel or heat energy into
mechanical energy.
Generator. basic part of absortion systems; provided with means
of heating used to drive refrigerant out of solution.
Filter. a device to remove solid material from a fluid.
Heat. the form of energy that is transformed by virtue of a
temperature difference.
Horse power. unit of a power in foot-pound-second system, work
done at the rate of 550 feet pound per second or 33,000 feet
pound per minute.
Hooper. an inverted funnel leading into a ventilating flue.
Humidity. water vapor within a given space.
Induction. the entrainment of room air by the jet action of a primary air
stream discharging from an air outlet.

Air-conditioning. the process of treating air so as to control

simultaneously its temperature, humidity, cleanliness, distribution,
to meet the requirements of the conditioned space.

Appliance. a utilization equipment, generally industrial, built-in, standard

form and size, installed as a unit to perform one or more function. (such as
washing, cooking, mixing, etceteras).

Barometer. instrument used for measuring atmospheric pressure.

Boiler. a closed vessel in which a liquid is heated or vaporized.

Askarel. a synthetic non-flammable insulating liquid, which when

decomposed by electric arc, evolves only non-flammable gaseous mixture.

Boiling point. the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid

equals the absolute external pressure at the liquid vapor interface.

Branch circuit. is that portion of a wiring system extending beyond the final
overcurrent device protecting the circuit. Types:
1. Appliance. only for appliances.
2. General purpose. for appliances and lights.
3. Individual. for one equipment only.

Calorimeter. device for measuring quality of steam or other vapor.

Coil. a cooling/heating element made of pipe or tubing.
Condenser. a vessel or arrangement of pipe or tubing in which
vapor is liquified by removal of heat.
Convection. transfer of heat by movement of fluid.
Cold pockets. draughts/drafts in air condition.
Duct. tube or channel through which air is conveyed or moved.

Building. a solitary structure that stands alone from other structures

divided by open space or by fire walls.
Circuit breaker. a device to open and close a circuit by non-automatic
means, and to open the circuit automatically or a predetermined overload
of current, without injury to itself when properly applied to its rating.

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Concealed. rendered in accessible by the structure or finish of the building

wires in concealed raceways are considered concealed even though they
may become accessible by withdrawing them.
Connector, pressure. (solderless) a pressure wire connector is a device
which establishes the connection between 2 or more conductors or
between 1 or more conductors and a terminal by means of mechanical
pressure and without the use of solder.
Continuous load. a load where the maximum current is expected to
continue for 3 hours or more.
Controller. a device/devices, which serves to govern in a predetermined
manner, the electric power delivered to the apparatus to which it is
connected.
Demand factor. is the ratio of the maximum demand of the
system, or part of a system under consideration.
Disconnecting means. a device or group od devices, or other means of
which the conductor of a circuit can be disconnected from their source of
supply.
Duty, continuous. intermittent duty is a requirement of service that
demands operation for alternate intervals of:
1. Load and no load.
2. Load and rest.
3. Load, no load, and rest.
Exposed. not concealed, a live part can be inadvertently touched or
approached nearer than a safe distance by a person. It is applied to parts
not suitable guarded, isolated or insulated.
Feeder. is the circuit conductors between the service equipment
and the branch circuit overcurrent device.

Impedence. comprised of resistance and reactance causes a phase

difference between voltage and current.
Lighting outlet. an outlet intended for the direct connection of a
lampholder, a lighting fixture, or a pendant and terminating in a
lampholder.
Location. 3 types:
1. Damp.
2. Dry.
3. Wet.
Multi-outlet assembly. a type of surface or flush raceway designed
to hold conductors and attachments plug receptacles, assembled
in the field or at the factory.
Outlet. a point on the wiring system at which is taken to supply
utilization equipment.
Panelboard. a single or group of panels unit designed for assembly
in the form of a single panel.
Raceway. any channel for holding wires, cables, or busboxes. Maybe of
metal conduit, rigid, non-metallic, flexible metallic tubing, cellular
concrete/metal flow raceways.
Junction box. source of supply to an appliance lighting, source of
power, etceteras.
Receptacle (C O). is a contact device installed at an outlet for the
connection of an attachment to a flexible cord.
Receptacle outlet. an outlet where one or more receptacles are
installed.
Terms for transformer to water heater:
Service. the conductors and equipment for delivering energy from the
electricity supply system to the wiring system of the premise supplied.

Ground. a conducting connection, whether intentional or accidental,

between and electrical circuit or equipment and earth, or some conducting
body which serves in place of the earth.

Service cable. is the service conductors made up in the form of a

cable.

Grounded. connected to the earth.

Hoistway. any shaftway, hatchway, weel hole, or other vertical
opening or space.

Service conductors. the supply conductors which extend from the street
main, or from transformers to the service equipment of the premises
supplied.

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Service drop. the overhead service conductor between the last pole or
other aerial support, to and including the splicer (if any), to the service
entrance conductors at the building/structure.
Service entrance conductors. 2 types:
1. Overhead system.
2. Underground system.
Service lateral. the underground service conductors between the
main street.
Switchboard. a large single panel, frame, or assembly of panels,
on which are mounted, on the face or back or both, switches,
overcurrent, and other protective devices, buses, and usually
instruments.
Thermal cut-out. an overcurrent protective device which contains a
heater element in addition to and affecting a renewable fusible member
whichs opens the circuit. It is not designed to interrupt short circuit
currents.
Ampere. unit of current when 6.251 Ao8 electrons pass a given cross
section in one second.
Volt. unit of electrical potential.
OHM. unit of resistance due to friction in the conductor for direct current
(DC), unit of impedance due to friction in the conductor for alternating
current circuit (A C).
Electric circuit. as a complete conducting current from one source
of electricity to and through some electrical device and back to the
source.
Direct current (DC). when flow of electric current takes place at
constant time rate.
Alternating current (A C). when the flow of current is periodically
varying in time rate and in direction.
Pulsating current (PC or RC). when alternating current is rectified
or change to direct current.
Series curcuit. all separate parts of the circuit carry the same
current.
Parallel circuit. when more than one branch of a circuit is
connected between the same 2 points.
Abbreviations:
DS.
downspout.
FD.
floor drain.

CB.
catch basin.
CISP, DH.
cast iron soil pipe, double hub.
CISP, SH.
cast iron soil pipe, single hub.
Duplex convinient outlet, F M.
Duplex cinvenient outlet, S M.
D C O, WP.
duplex convenient outlet, weather proof.
VSTR. vent stack through roof.
PVC. plasticized polyvinyl chloride.
PS.
product safety.
GIP.
galvanized iron pipe, grade 30 minimum.
ASTM. American system testing material.
FM.
floor mounted or flush mounted.
SM.
surface mounted.
PVC. Polyvinyl chloride.
CISP. cast iron soil pipe.
RMP. registered master plumber.
NAMPAP.
CLFS. Chief of the local fire service.
CAA. civil aeronautic administration (height clearance in airports).
PPA.
Philippine ports authority.
NPCC. National pollution control commission.
RSC. Rigid steel conduit.
Ckt.
circuit.
KVA. Kilovolt per ampere.
KWA. Kilowatt per ampere.
PEE. Professional electrical engineer.
IIEE.
Institute of intigrated electrical engineer.
BTU. British thermal unit.
PME. Professional mechanical engineer.
PSME.
RHW. Moisture and heat resistant rubber.
T.
Thermoplastic.
TW.
Moisture resistant thermoplastic.
THW. Moisture and heat resistant thermoplastic.
THHN. Heat resistant thermoplastic.
THWN. Moisture and heat resistant thermoplastic.
XHHN. Moisture and heat resistant cross-linked thermosetting polythylene.
SA.
Silicone-asbestos.
AVA.
Asbestos and varnish Cambric.
Brand names:
PVC:
Atlanta.

255734724.doc

RSC:

Emerald.
Moldex.
Neltex.
Standard.
Matchusita.
Triangle.
Korea.
Pusan.

IMC:

EXT:

Matchusita.
Maruichi.
Nippon.
Setsuyu.

Maruichi.
Matchusita.
Junction box:
Sun bright.
Timco.
Rheostat (beamer):
G E.
Ever.
Circuit breaker/panels/control:
Ever.
Fujihiya.
Westinghouse.
Wire:
Columbia.
Phelt dodge.
Duraplex.
Generator set:
G E.
Westinghouse.
Asia Brown Boviry.
Transformer:
Philec.
G E.
Westinghouse.
Lighting fixture:
G E.
Philips.
National.
Switches/C O:

National.
Veto.
Ever.
Rectifier:
National panasonic.
Elevator:
Fuji.
Hundai.
Otis.
Kone.
Goldstar.
Westinghouse.
Hitachi.
Mitsubishi.
O & K.
Escalator:
Otis.
Westinghouse.
Goldstar.
Hitachi.
Mitsubishi.
Air Conditioner:
Fedders.
Westinghouse.
Carrier.
Condura.
Allen air.
National Panasonic.
Daikin.
Amona.
Water heater:
National.
Westinghouse.
Sprinkler heads:
Globe.
Fire alarm:
Nohmi Bosai.
Galvanized iron:
Goodyear.
Super.
Apo.
Meayer.
Little giant.
Cast iron:

255734724.doc

Dong tek.
Asa.
Silva.
Plumbing fixture:
Saniwares.
American Standard.
Kolher.
Briggs.
Plumbing accessories:
Gerber.
Zuechetti.
Great volume.
Clean outs:
Metma.
Asa.
U S.P.
Valves and controls:
Great volume.
Crane.
Kitz.
Clayton.
Keystone.
Toyo.
Symbols:
Ceiling receptacle:
C O wall outlet:
Vertical lines-wall.
Horizontal lines-terminal.
Ceiling outlet incandescent lamp:
Fan outlet:
Flourescent:
Suspended lamp:
Heavy duty:
Pinlight:
Eyeball pinlight:
Flood light:
Circuit line for lights:
Circuit line for C O:
Master switch:
Range, ref, freezer, air con, water heater:
Washing machine:
OKT (2 wire OKT):

OKT (3 wire OKT raceway):

Switch: S1.
a. S2W. 2 way.
b. S3W. 3 way.
c. S4W. 4 way.
Bell:
General outlets:
Outlet:
Electrical outlet:
Wall clock:
Fan outlet:
Outlet for vapor discharge lamp:
Exit light outlet:
Ceiling fan outlet:
Junction box:
Pull switch:
Lamp holder:
Lamp holder with full switch:
Drop-chord equipped.
Blanked outlet:
Universal outlet:
Incandescent light outlet:
Flourescent light outlet:
Telephone outlet:
Convenience outlets:
Duplex C O:
Water proof convenience outlet:
Weather proof C O:
Weather proof duplex C O:
Switch and duplex outlet:
Range outlet:
Heavy duty outlet:
Duplex C O split wire:
Special purpose:
Floor outlet:
Radio C O:
TV C O:
Floor outlet:
Lamp holder with pull switch:
Vapor discharge lamp (ceiling):

255734724.doc

Flourescent lamp:
Outlet with blank cover:
Junction box:
Special purpose outlet:
Range outlet:
Switch outlets:
S/S: single pole/togle switch.
S1,2: double gang light switch.
S1,2,3: three gang light switch.
2SW: two way switch.
3SW: three way switch.
SD: automatic door switch.
SWD: weather proof switch.
Sp: switch and pilot light.
Sf: fused switch.
SWf: weather fused switch.
SCB: circuit breaker.
SwcB: weather switch.
S. Single pole switch.
S2. double pole switch.
S3. 3 pole switch.
S4. 4 pole switch.
SD. Automatic door switch.
SE. Electrolier switch.
SK. 4. 4 pole switch.
SD. Automatic door switch.
SE. Electrolier switch.
SK. Key Operated Switch.
SP. Switch and Pilot Lamp.
SCB. Circuit Breaker.
SWCB. Weatherproof Circuit Breaker.
SMC. Momentary Contact Switch.
SRC. Remote Control Switch.
SWP. WEatherproof Switch.
SF. Fused Switch.
SWF. Weatherproof Fused Switch.
Auxilliary systems:
Push button:
Smoke fire alarm:
Buzzer bell:
Bell:

Annunciator:
Outside telephone:
Interconnecting telephone:
Telephone switchboard:
Telephone outlet:
Bell-ringer transformer:
Maid's single plug:
Interconnection box:
Battery:
Motor:
Main connecting switch:
Electric door opener:
Surge arrester:
Lightning arrester:
Ground:
Fuse cutout:
Push Button:
Duzzer:
Bell:
Annunciator:
Outside Telephone:
Interconnecting Telephone:
Telephone Switchboard:
Bell Ringing Transformer:
Electric Door Opener:
Fire Alarm Bell:
Fire Alarm Station:
City Fire Alarm Station:
Fire Alarm Central Station:
Automatic Fire Alarm Device:
Watchman's Station:
Watchman's Central Station:
Horn:
Nurse's Signal Plug:
Maid's Signal Plug:
Radio Outlet:
Signal Central Station:
Interconnection Box:
Battery:
Auxiliary System Circuits:
Panels, circuit, and miscellaneous:
Lighting panel board:

255734724.doc

Power panel:
Pull box:
Controller:
Transformer:
Weatherproof service entrance:
Electric motor:
Circuit homerun:
Service entrance:
Water pump outlet:
Underfloor duct and junction box:
International access symbol for telephone:
International access symbol for elevator:
Lightning Panel:
Power Panel:
Branch Circuit; Concealed in Ceiling or Wall:
Branch Circuit; Concealed in Floor:
Branch Circuit; Exposed:
Home Run to Panel Board. Indicate number of Circuits by number of
arrows:
Feeders:
Underfloor Duct and Junction Box. Triple System:
Generator:
Motor:
Instrument:
Power Transformer:
Controller:
Isolating Switch:
Plumbing:
Gate valve (screwed type):
Globe valve (screwed type):
Angle globe valve plan and elevation:
Float valve:
Union screwed:
High pressure steam in heating and ventilating piping:
Thermostat:
Refrigerator:
Heating and ventilating symbol for condenser water flow:
Draw:
Switch with cover:
Convenience outlet:
G I elbow:

G I street elbow:

G I union:
Cross section of a check valve:
Cross section of a foot valve:
Float valve (side view):
Angle valve showing a supply pipe to the water tank of a water
closet (cross section):
G I waterplug:
G I water pipe cap:
Pantry sink goose neck faucet H & C:
1/2 inch diameter by 2 inches G I close nipple:
Hose bibb:
Siamese connection to a dry standpipe:
Diagram of a fire hose rack to a dry standpipe connection, identify and
label fitting:
Typical connection of a 1/2 inch diameter RSC to a metal utility box, label
connectors:
1/2 inch diameter P V C elbow (for conduits):
Porcelain split knob with wood screw (x-section):
Ceiling light receptacle, S M (x-section showing electrical wire in mica
tube):
Ceiling light receptacle, F M (x-section showing utility box):
Duplex convenience outlet, S M:
2 gang toggle switch, F M:

255734724.doc

Sheet metal screw:

Duplex convenience outlet, F M/W P:
110 millimeters diameter C I soil pipe, D H:
50 millimeters diameter C I soil pipe, S H:

Countersunk rivet:
Turnbuckle, stub ends:
Profile of a recessed type swimming pool gutter:

Cross-section of a typical R C catch basin showing 75 millimeters diameter

P V C D S and 110 millimeter diameter P V C outlets (sewer pipes):

Plan of turnstile, rigid arm type traffic control:

Typical sprinkler head of quartzoid bulbs:

Cartidge fuse, knife blade contact:

110 millimeters diameter 45 degree bend, S P branch:

Plug fuse:

110 millimeter diameter by 110 millimeter diameter branch single wye 45

degree:

R S C locknut and bushing, show how it is used:

4 inches by 4 inches octagonal utility box with 1/2 inch diameter K O:

110 millimeter diameter by 75 millimeter diameter branch single 45 degree

(wye reducer):

Armored cable, 3w:

2 inches by 4 inches utility box with 1 and a half diameter K O:

110 millimeters diameter soil pipe, S H:

Entrance cap, 3w:

110 millimeter diameter 1/4 bend, D H, sanitary pipe fitting:

L B condulets:

110 millimeter diameter 1/4 inch bend. sanitary pipe fitting:

Pigtail, electrical socket:

110 millimeter by 90 millimeters double wye; reducer:

2 inches by 1 and a half diameter tap tee:
1/2 inch diameter G I union patente:
3/4 inch diameter by 1/2 inch diameter G I coupling reducer:

3 spool electrical post bracket:

Flat head wood screw:

110 millimeter diameter clean out, C I S P fitting:

50 millimeter diameter u-trap, P V C soil pipe fitting:
Sectional diagram of a dry standpipe with siamese connection at ground
floor and with fire hose attachment in upper floors up to 5th floor:
V T R using C I S P as vent pipe, roofing is of corrugated G I sheet on wood
purlins/rafters. show waterproofing:

255734724.doc

Connection of service wires to R C column.

Connection of hot and cold waterlines:
Acoustic ceiling:
Acoustic wall:
Carpet connection to floor:
Oval sink:
Escutheon:
20 millimeter diameter female threaded adaptor UPVC water pipe fitting:
Carriage bolt:

Concealed siamese and wall hydrant (show face only):

Condulet:
Catridge fuse ferrule contact:
Hair pin cold cathode lamp/tube:
Connection of water line from main to house:
Connection from main to water service meter with saddle clamp:
Male threaded adaptor:
20 millimeter diameter end pipe:
32 millimeter diameter by 25 millimeter diameter socket reducer:

Lag bolt:

G I nipple 5 inches long:

G I coupling:
G I tee reducer:
1/4 bend elbow D H:

Grease trap:

Machine bolt:
2 inches C W nail:
Button head cap screw:
Olive knuckle butt hinge:

H & B connection with rubber ring:

Cabin hook:

Turnbuckle with hook and eye ends:

Oval head wood screw:
Oval head stove bolt:
Siamese connection, triple roof manifold:

Septic vault for 4 br residence for 10 people:

255734724.doc

Draw a toilet and bathroom with WC, shower bath, lavatory, and floor drain
with plumbing lines in plan and isometric:

The gases which occurs in public sewage system is caused by the

decomposition of organic material within the sewer itself.

Elevator:
Escalator:
Standard water closet:
Gate valve:
Globe valve:
Single pole single throw switch:

It is not permissible to discharge large volume of storm water into a septic

tank.

@ pole single throw switch.

3 pole and solid neutral switch (3P & SN):
Single pole double throw switch.
Single pole double throw with center off position (in control work called a
hand off automatic switch):

Flourescent lamps can also operate even if the voltage is

considerably below their rated voltage.
Carbon Monoxide. Fire extinguishment.
Guy. Tension wire.
Rubber. Insulating material.
Damper. Valve for controling air flow.
Silver. Best conductor of electricity.
The best conductor of heat is Helium (in its Helium II liquid state), which
can conduct heat better than diamond or silver.

Use of 2 single pole double throw (3 way) swithc for switching of a lighting
circuit from 2 locations:

Bidet. Plumbing fixtures.

Air conditioning. Freon gas.
Conduit. PVC.

B.E.:

Trap. Plumbing device.

The National Electric code is concerned with safety electrical

installation only and is not intended as design specifications nor
an instruction manual for untrained persons.
An ordinary flashlight dry-cell battery will, if fresh, develop only
approximately 3 1/2 to 1.5 volts.
The amount of electrical current in amperes depends on the number of
electrons flowing fast a given point in one second.
The constant speed in electricity at which power flows, is the same
as the speed of light, or 186,000 miles per second.
It is a known fact that the greater the current in a wire, the greater
the voltage drop and the greater the power loss in the form of
heat.
The septic tank is a device to expedite the decomposition.

Decibel. Sound energy.

Parallel. Electrical wiring connection.
BX. Armored cable.

The material most commonly used for waste, soil, and vent installation in
plumbing system is the black iron.

Hydrostat. contol device sensitive to the degree of moisture in the

air; Control moisture in air.
Candle power. unit of illumination.
Vitrified clay pipe. the kind of plumbing pipe generally used for
sewers and drains.

Acid resistance pipe usually is an alloy of black iron and sulphur.

Grille. Air conditioning part.

Ferrous Bicarbonate. Iron found in water.
Algae. Odor in water.
Frank Lloyd Wright. Architect of Imperial hotel, Tokyo.
Yamasaki. Architect of the world trade center.
Alvar Aalto. Architect of Baker Dormitory, Boston.
PVDC. Plastic pipe.

255734724.doc

Chlorine. a chemical injected to neutralize the objectionable bacteria as an

added procaution against water pollution.
Gases formed in the septic tank are discharged into the atmosphere by
means of ventilation.
A dry well is sometimes called seepage pit.
Filter trench. best adapted for disposal and treatment of effluent in clay
soil where natural drainage terminal is available.
Trickle. The most efficient system used extensively for secondary
treatment of sewer.
Dry well. A hole in the ground curbed with stone or brick laid in such a
manner as to allow raw contaminated sewage to leach into the soil.
Anaerobic bacteria survives only in places that lack oxygen.
Cast iron pipe is manufactured in length of 5 feet.
Cast iron pipe is joined by caulking made of oakum.
Static pressure. the pressure exerted by water at rest.
Aeration. A process which consists of spraying water into the atmosphere
through jets.
Globe valves. valves that are best suited to main supply lines for which
operation is infrequent.
Centrifugal pump. pump most commonly used for the elevation of
wastes in modern building.
Number 14. minimum size of conductor allowed for housing
wiring.
Caulking. a term for plugging an opening with oakum and lead
that are pounded into place.

Soil pipe is that portion of the plumbing system which receives the
discharge of water closets with or without additional drain.
Water closet is a plumbing fixture used to convey organic body
waste to the plumbing system.
Atoms are particles made up principally of electrons and protons.
Traps is a device in plumbing system constructed to prevent the passage
of sewer air.
Radiant heating is the loss of heat by means of warmed partition panels or
floors in rooms.
The flow of current in electrical circuit is impeded by resistance which is the
electrical term for friction.
Hydropneumatic tank is used to store air under pressure and reduce the
frequency of starting and stopping the pumps.
Ammeter is a device or instrument by which the electric power
maybe measured.
Relay is a device that uses electrical energy to amplify or control
the thermostat.
G I pipes are manufactured in the length of 20 feet.
Check valves is a device that prevent backflow of water.
Generator. machine that converts mechanical energy to electrical
energy.
Creep. reflection of sound from a curved surface.
Freon in air conditioning must be compressed and liquified in order
to absorb heat.
Echo. sound waves reflected with such magnitude and delay.

The quality of light is measured in terms of Lumens.

Vent pipe is a pipe provided to ventilate a house drainage system
and to prevent the trap siphonage from other fixtures to the house
drain; is that portion of the drainage installation designed to
maintain atmospheric pressure, and prevent trap seal loss.

Rotary converter. device used to transform alternating current to

direct current.

Conduit pipe used for electrical installations are commonly

manufactured in length of 10 feet.

Basement. portion of a hoistway extending from the threshold

level of the lowest landing door to the floor at the bottom of the
hoistway.

Continuity of an electrical circuit can conveniently be determined in the

field by means of a bell and battery set.

Siphonage is caused by plus pressure, responsible for trap seal loss.

255734724.doc

Counterweight. in a theater stagehouse, a weight used to balance

suspended scenery or the like.
Air-motor. air operated device used to open or close a damper or
valve.
Wattmeter. device to measure electric power.
Safety switch. protects equipment and appliances in case of
current fluctuation.
Volt. electric pressure measurement.
Thermostat. device sensitive to change in temperature.
Pressure gauge. water pressure instrument.
Mica. material which can best withstand high electricity.
Slate. poorest conductor of electricity.
The flow of electricity is measured in ampere.
Surface water produces insolubility in soaps and incrustation of pipes, while
ground water possess opposite characteristics.
Rain water is adapted for washing but not for drinking.
PVC pipes should not be specified for water from a deep well
carrying an appreciable amount of lime.

Shower bath is a plumbing fixture.

4 advantages of concealed wire over open wire types:
Pipe fitting may be of different material is the pipe.
MWSS requires its commodity users to install water meters in
order to identify illegal users.
Other public water supply, the MWSS is also involved in limited piped sewer
collection.
Mixing valve is a supply fitting which maintains water at a desired
temperature.
T fitting should never be used with pipes carrying sewage.
No vent stack or branch should have a diameter of less than 1/2
that of the soil or waste stack served.
No stack serving a water closet shaould have less than 100
millimeter diameter.
Windows. most satisfactory air outlet for natural ventilation.
Saturation. amount of water vapor with a given amount of air.

When the downfeed system of water supply is employed in a multi-story

building, flush valve W C and urinals can be installed in all floors.

In a centralized air-conditioning system, air that should not be

criculated are those coming from kitchen.
In hospital air-conditioning, separate units should be provided for
operating room.

Advances and modern technics in the manufacture of PVC pipes noe

permits its use for hot and cold water supply systems.

The direct expansion system system of air-conditioning is best suited for

theaters.

One of the causes of failure of water test in sanitary installations is

thye presence of pinholes in the walls of a cast iron pipes used in
the system.

A ray of light is reflected in one definite direction when it strikes a surface

lined with aluminum.

Tee fittings should only be used for vent stacks.

Double hub fittings are principally used to reverse the position of the hub of
a cast iron pipe.
House drain should have a minimum slope of 20 millimeters for every
meter and should be connected to the house sewer of the same size.

In school buildings, the room that requires magnitude of illumination is the

gymnasium.
Freedom from variation in degree of illumination in a room means diffusion.
Uniformity of distribution, color, quality and case of control of light
distribution are some points in favor of flourescent lamps.
Special installation requirements for sprinkler system includes sloping
water proof floors with floor drains.

255734724.doc

Automatic sprinkler systems are installed in buildings that has low

water pressure.
Vertical pipes extending from the basement to the top floor with outlets for
attachment of fire hose in every floor is called stand pipe.
Elevators may be classified according to several schemes and one of them
is car capacity.
Escalators are best suited and installed mostly in stores.
A major part in any elevator installation is the pit.
When the source of sound in a room has ceased, the effect of the sound will
continue, such lingering sound is called reverberation.
In an auditorium, the best sound absorber are the audience.
Time of reverberation is less in a room that is with convex walls.
On striking walls, sound waves are reflected and part of the energy is
converted to heat and is thus absorbed.
Clean out. a pipe fitting for cleaning pipe runs.
Flush valves. a flush tank attached to a toilet bowl.
Corporation cock. a vlaved placed near junction with public water main.
Waste pipe. pipe use for carrying waste or storm water.
Dry well. same as cesspool.
Faucet. also called bibb or cock.
Pressure releif damper. a valve to discharge excess pressure in excess of a
preset limit.
Shower head. in a shower bath, a device through which water is sprayed.
Nipple/coupling. a short length of pipe with threads at each ends.
Tapped tee. a bell end tee which has a branch that is tapped to receive a
threaded pipe or fitting.

Sump pump. a pumping device used to lift sewage to a higher

elevation.
Pipe chase. a continous recess built into a wall to receive pipes,
ducts, etceteras.
Soil stack. a vertical soil pipe carrying the discharge from toilet
fixtures.
Trap. a device to maintain a water seal against sewer gases, air and odors.
Water hammer. a loud thumping noise that results from a sudden
stoppage of flow.
Spigot. the end of a pipe that fits into a bell.
Roughing in. installating the concealed portion of a plumbing
system to the point of connection for the fixtures.
Rain leader conductor. same as downspout.
Water meter. a device for measuring water volume.
Check valve. permits passage of water in one direction only.
Circuit. a continouse electrical path.
Current. unit of measurements is in amperes.
Resistance. measured in Ohms.
Horsepower. equal to 746 watts.
Junction box. location of splices, connections and taps.
110 to 220 volt. voltage between given conductor and any other conductor
in the circuit.
Service drop. Wire from Meralco pole to building attachment.
Service entrance. wire from entrance cap to main switch.
Air conditioner. required independent circuit.
Storage battery. produces d-c current.
Pull box. for pulling of conductors in raceways.
Power factor. A C power (watt) / voltage times amperes
Lightning rod. protects building from lightning.
Lightning arrester. Protects wiring from lightning.
Voltage drop. the difference in emf between 2 points in an
electrical circuit.
Water pipe. where system grounding is connected to.
Resistor. controls current flow in an electrical circuit.
Switch. a device to open or close an electrical circuit.
Cut-out box. contains fuses for electrical circuits.

255734724.doc

A furnished room has better acoustics than a barren one.

Automatic sprinkler system operates under a control of electrical
process.

Mixing valve. a water supply fitting which maintains water at a

desired temperature.

Sound travels faster in air than in steel or water.

Humidity is water vapor within a given space or environment.

Master plumber. should sign and seal plans for plumbing

installation for issuance of permit; is a registered with the PRC is
the duly authorized person to undertake the plumbing installation
work of a building project.

The ratio of the weight of a substance to the weight of a reference material

is called specific gravity.

Teflon tape. a nwe product used to ensure water tightness in

joints of G I pipes.

Unit air conditioners when installed under windows are generally

satisfactory.

National plumbing code. government rules and regulations enforced to

ensure that plumbing installation conform with the demands of hygiene and
comfort.

Lighting is considered as a supplement to the architectural design

that adds to its decorative aspect.
The lumen output and life of the flourescent lamp is about twice
that of a filament lamp.

Bell/hub. the portion of a pipe which is enlarged to receive the end

of another pipe of the same diameter for the purpose of making a
joint.

In the lighting design of dwelling, ceiling outlets can be largely omitted and
wall outlets and baseboard receptacles installed instead.

Overhead. system of water supply is when water to different fixtures

branches is supplied by gravity from an elevated tank.

The design of the electrical and mechanical systems required in a building

is part of an architect's professional service.

Tap. a connection to a water supply main.

Ball cock. a float valve with spherical float.
Couplings. a short internally threaded section of pipe used to joint
2 pipes.

Double hub. pipes or fittings that are principally used to reverse the
position of the hub of a soil pipe.
Vent. provides the air circulation necessary to the efficient
functioning of a plumbing system.
Tee fitting. fittings should never be used with pipes carrying sewage but
may be used with vent pipes.
Reducer. are fittings used to connect pipes of different sizes in the same
line.
Angle valve. are used to control water supply to water closet and
lavatory fixtures.
Copper/brass. tubes that are determined by its outside diameter
measurements.

Effluent. a liquid which is discharged as waste especially the discharge

from a septic tank.
Static head/pressure head. the pressure equivalent to that exerted by a
column of water of a given height.
Union. a pipe fitting used to cinnect the ends of 2 pipes, neither of
which can be turned.
Aerator fitting. a device which introduces air into an exciting
stream of water commonly used for sink faucet.
Kilowatt. equivalent to 1.34 horsepower.
Water heater. requires a low voltage transformer.
Grounding system. Protects life property from damage.
Door bell. a susidiary electric circuit.

255734724.doc

Capacitator. charges storage batteries.

Conduit. protects electrical wiring.
Cycle. the flow of current fluctuates in positive and negative
loops.
Direct current. flows in one direction only.
Resistor. controls the flow of current in electric curcuit.
Rheostat controls intensity of current flow.
Conductor. offers low resistance to the flow of electrical current.
Electrical resistance. reciprocal of electrical conductance.
Short circuit. high current flow caused by an abnormal connection
in an electrical circuit.
Series circuit. power passes through all the devices connected
completing its path to the source of supply.
Relay. stores electric charge.
Toggle switch. lever actuated.
Circular mil. used to express cross-sectional area of electrical conductor.
Air conditioner. requires independent brancg circuit.
Riser. for distribution of electrical power to electric panels on the
different floors of a building.
General lighting in offices and factories is done almost entirely
with flourescent lamps because they are most economical to
operate than incandescent lamps.
To prevent damage resulting from high currents caused by
lightning stroke, lightning arresters are used on structures of
buildings.

Storm drain. for conveying rainwater.

Clean out. used for lavatory drain connection.
Manhole. for inspection and cleaning of pipe runs.
Sewer. a pipe for carrying liquid waste.
Siphonage. suction caused by liquid flow. -pressure
Smoke test. to detect leaks in piping work.
Floor drain. appurtenant to a sewer.
Trap. a water seal against sewer gases, air and odor.
Vent stack. prevents water seals of traps from being broken by
siphonage.
Water table. ground water level.
Incrustation. affects the flow of water in pipes.
Ammeter. an instrument for measuring the rate of flow of
electricity usually expressed in amperes.
Conductance. a measure of the ability of a material to conduct
electric current.
Annunciator. a signalling device usually electrically operated
giving an audible signal and a visual indication when energized by
pressing a button.
Rheostat. a device used in an electric circuit to control the flow of
current.
Professional electrical engineer. signs and seal the electrical plans
when the electrical works exceeds 5 kilowatts load as per
philippine electrical code.
Utility box. a box for mounting air conditioning outlet.

Air handling units provide for the treatment of air before it is distributed to
an air conditioned space.

60 hertz. the frequency of the electric power generated in Metro

Manila.

Angle valve. water control for lavatory and WC connection.

Diffuser is a device, object or surface that absorb light or sound from a

source.

Tee fitting. should only be used for vent stack.

Tapped tee. for jointing threaded pipes.
Invert. lowest point in interior surface of pipe.
Service cock. normally installed before water meter.
Copper pipe. determined by its outside diameter.
Coupling. for hot and cold water connection.

Dimmer is a device which varies light intensity of a light source.

Accent lighting is directional lighting which emphasizes a
particular object or draw attention to a particular area.
Generally, to attain the same level of light intensities, the semi-indirect
lighting unit s requires more wattage than the indirect lighting system.

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Cold air can hold more water than hot air.

Fire code says wet stand pipe inside buildings are required for
structure 6 or more stories in height.
Interference and reverberation are 2 properties of sound that are important
when considering the construction of an auditorium or music hall.
An auditorium with a capacity audience present has good
acoustics; however when acoustically corrected is practically
independent of the audience.
The inlet tee of a septic vault is always higher than the discharge
outlet.
Stack is a general term for any veritcal line of soil, waste or vent
piping.
Unit of resistance is called Ohms.
The density of the luminous flux on a surface is called lumen.
The unit of illumination is called candle power.
Cathode is component of flourescent lamp.
Pressure releif valves are safety device for water heater.

Scum. mass of organic matter which flooats on the surface of

sewage.
Slop sink. a deep sink usually set low, especially used by janitors
for emptying parts of the dirty water.
Aerator fitting. a device which introduces air into an existing
stream of water.
Cap. a fitting for closing the end of a pipe.
Panelboard. for control and protection of branch circuits.
Circular mill. equals an area of .00051 square millimeters.
Frequency. expressed in hertz.
Voltage. voltage at supply end less than at load end.
Volts. product of amperes and ohms.
Insulators. rubber, porcelain, or glass.
Conductors. copper, aluminum, or silver.
Short circuit. heat developed resulting to fire.
Feeder. wire from Meralco pole to building attachment.
Friction tape. provides adequate insulation to splices of
conductors.
Service entrance. point of delivery of power from service
company.

Air ducts should have air space between itself and insulator to
prevent moisture condensation.

Neutral wire. usually are not to be fused.

Loudness is a measure of the magnitude of sound.

Wiring plan. for purchasing materials and installation.

The pitch is a measure of highness or loudness of sound.

Resistors. controls flow of current in an electric current.

Master plumber. should sign and seal plans for plumbing

installations for purpose of searching permit.

Chimes. connects to any power branch circuit.

Relief vents. supplies fresh air to the stacks and branch and prevents
corrosion.
Bidet. a low basin like plumbing fixture on which the user sits and
wash posterior parts of the body.
Sitz bath. bath tub in which one bath in a sitting position; used
especially in hospitals.

The visible output of light is measured in foot-candles.

Speed of sound is faster in gas.
Unpainted bricks produce better acoustics.
Humidity is water vapor within a given space or environment.
The cost of maintenance of split type aircon is lower than a unit
window type.

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Ball cock. a float vlave with spherical float.

Angle valve. controls the direction of water and controls it.
Zeolite process. eliminates presence of soluble salts of lime and
magnesium on water.
G I pipes. lead caulked joints.
Pneumatic tank. avoids construction of tower and longer supply
lines.

Potable water. water which is satisfactory for drinking, culinary,

and domestic purposes annd shall meet the accepted standard of
purity required by the health department having authority.
Types of sewage:
1. Domestic sewage.
2. Industrial or trade sewage.
3. Storm water.
Types of sewers:
1. Sanitary sewer.
2. Storm sewer.
3. Combined sewers.
Color code of pipes:
1. Potable water. blue.
2. Electric conduit. orange or light gray.
3. Industrial system. Gray.
4. Communication cable. Yellow.
5. Sewage system. orange brown.

Corporation cock. vlave placed near junction with public main.

Filter. usually not included in plumbing works.
Check valve. automatically closes when reversal of water flow.
Outside leaders. pipe used to carry waste or storm water.
Pressure regulator. a valve to discharge excess water pressure.

Rigid type:
1. PVC. Polyvinyl chloride.
2. CPVC. Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride.
3. UPVC. unplasticized polyvinyl chloride.
4. PP. Polypropylene.
5. ABS. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene.
6. SR. Stylene rubber plastic.
Flexible type:
1. PE. Polyethylene.
2. PB. Polybutylene.

Grease trap. necessary for residence with septic tank.

Globe valve. the same end must be used as inlet.
Every 3 meters of a horizontal pipe shall be anchored.
Sources of water supply:
1. Surface water.
2. Ground water.
3. Atmospheric water.

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