Simple Present Tense (Geni Zaman)

to be1
am
I

is
He
She
It

are
You
We
They

- She is young
- mer is a student
- Aye and I are from stanbul
- Grkan isnt a doctor.

Do / Does
Positive
I
You
We
They
He
She
It

+ V1 + Obj
They play football every week.
Yamur plays tennis every weekend.
+ V-s + Obj

Negative
I
You
We
They

+ dont + V1 + Obj
They dont play football every week.
Yamur doesnt play tennis every weekend.

He
She
It

+ doesnt + V1 + Obj

to be olan cmlede fiil olmaz

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Question
Do +

Does +

I
You + V1 + Obj
We
They
He
She
It

Do they play football every weekend ?

Does she play tennis every weekend ?
Do you like lahmacun ? Yes; I do.
Does Grkan like lahmacun ? Yes; he does.

+ V1 + Obj

Has / Have
-

She has two cars. (+)

They dont have2 a house. (-)
Does he have a cat? (?)
She doesnt have2 a lot of money. (-)

zneleriyle sahip olmak fiili (have) olumsuz ve soruda has kalkar have olur.

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Present Continuous Tense (imdiki Zaman)

u anda olup biten veya geici durumlar ifade etmek iin kullanlr.
now
I

am

You
We
They

are

He
She
It

is

+ Ving

What are you doing right now ?

We are studying english now.

- lkhan isnt studying English.

- Are you studying English ?
Yes; I am. / No; Im not.
A : What are you doing

these days ?
now a days ? (bugnlerde)
B : Im studying for my final exams.

these days = now a days

State Verbs
-

like
love
hate
dislike

want
need
know
believe

- recognize (tanmak)
- remember
- mean
- understand

Im wanting a glass of water. X

I want a glass of water.

I understand you now.

I like knowing new people.
V

gerund3

Simple Present Tense

3

Vs

Present Continuous Tense

Fiilden sonar gelen fiil ing olabilir, gerund fiil olur.

10

at the moment
right now
at present
for the time

1- Daily routines, habits and facts (kiisel ve bilimsel gerekler)

u sralarda

1- Things happening now around now (imdi ya da

olan eyler iin kullanlr)
- We are learning English now.
A : What are you doing these days ?
B : Im studying for my final exams.

- Ebru gets up at 7 oclock everyday. daily routine

- Yamur comes from Ankara. personal fact
- The Earth revolves around the Sun. scientific fact
2- Permanent situations (kalc durumlar)

2- Temporary situations (geici durumlar)

- lkhan lives in Batkent, Ankara.

- mer studies at Gazi Unv.
friends

A : Where do you live in Ankara ?

B : Actually I live in Atatrk dorm, but Im staying at my
house for a few days.(aslnda Atatrk yurdunda kalyor.kalc yer simple present
kullanlr, geici durumlar iin arkadann evinde kalyor. present continuous)

Adverbs of Frequency (Sklk Belirten Zarflar)

% 100

% 0
-

always (daima)
generally, usually (genellikle)
often (sk sk)
sometimes (bazen)
hardly ever, occasionally, rarely, seldom (nadiren)
never (asla)

I always get up late.

I dont always get up late.
Im sometimes late to university.
Ebru isnt always late to class.
Do you always get up early in the morning ?
Are you always early to class ?
lkhan never smokes.

Simple Past Tense (Gemi Zaman)

10

I
He
She
It

was
Aye

years ago.
You
We
They

is

(be) a teacher now, but she

was

(be) a student 10

were

Simple Past Tense Time Expressions (Gemi zaman iin zaman ipular)
1-

5 days
2 weeks
6 hours

2ago

last

year
week
month

3-

yesterday

evening
morning

Did (S + V1 + Obj)
Rerular Verbs

Irregular Verbs

liked
loved
hated
worked
learned
played
studied
cried
carried

go
=> went
eat
=> ate
speak => spoke
drive => drove
do
=> did
come => came
get
=> got
put
=> put
read => read

- Grkan went to bed late last night.

- Ebru didnt cook yesterday evening.
- Did you tidy your room ?
/
No, I didnt

or

I read a newspaper yesterday.

S

Object

Adv.

Yes, I did

Past Continuous Tense (imdiki Gemi Zaman)

Subj +

was

+ Ving

*yapyordum, ediyordum
10

were

1- Aye was studying (study)4 English at 10 oclock yesterday.

at this time yesterday.
2- When / While
- I watched TV yesterday (while). My father came home.
V

While I was watching TV yesterday, my father came home.

- I tought English last weekend (when). The electricity went off.

last weekend.

When the electirity went off, I was teaching English

Be Going To (Planlanm Gelecek Zaman)

am
planlanm gelecek iin kullanlr.gerekleme
Subj + is + going to + V1
ihtimali % 100 olan olaylarda kullanlr.
are
- What are you going to after the class ? , Im going to eat.
- Grkan is going to start working at the Ministiry of Finance after university. Grkan niversiteden sonra maliye bakanlnda almaya balayacak.
- What are you going to do next weekend ? , Im going to study social politics.
1- Planned Future Actions
A : Whats your plan for tomorrow ?
B : Im going to attend my friends wedding.
2- Olma ihtimali an meselesi veya % 100 olan olaylar ifade etmek iin kullanlr.
Look ! Mevlt is going to crash into the wall !
Look ! Nasreddin Hodja is going to fall down the tree in any moment.

Present Perfect Tense

Subj +
4

have

+ V3

Tek fiil olan bir cmlede past continuous tense kullanabilmemiz iin mutlaka gemite bir nokta zaman verilmesi gerekir.

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has

1- Life experience (Yaam tecrbesi)

Eer bir kiinin hayatnn herhangi bir dneminde bir eyi yapp yapmadn renmek istiyorsak ya da hayatmzn
herhangi bir dneminde yaadmz tecrbeyi spesifik bir zaman belirtmeden sylemek istiyorsak cmlemizi present perfect
ile kurarz.
A
B
A
B

:
:
:
:

Have you (ever) eaten sushi ?

Yes, I have.
When did you eat sushi ?
Last summer.

- I have been to Germany.

2- Unspecified time (Belirtilmemi zaman)

Gemite herhangi bir zamanda yaptmz aktiviteleri eer zaman belirtmeden ifade etmek istiyorsak yine bu tensi
kullanrz. Burada olayn kendisi, ne zaman gerekletiinden daha nemlidir. (ou zaman kar tarafa yeni bir haber veya bilgi
verirken kullanrz.)
- I have bought a new car.

Yeni bir araba aldm.

(Ne zaman ald nemli deil.)

3- An action continuous up to present (Gemite yaplan eylemin etkisi gnmzde de devam ediyorsa)
Bu tens gemite balayan, kendisi ya da etkisi gnmze kadar devam eden olaylar ifade etmek iin kullanlr.

- I came to live in Ankara in 2000 and I still live in Ankara. (for)

V

I have lived in Ankara for eight years.

- I have lost my wallet. (I still dont have it)

- You look different. Have you dyed your hair ?

San m boyadn ?

- I have lived in Ankara since5 I was 15 years old.

present perfect

Just / Already / Yet

Just

Her zaman fiilden once kullanlan zarftr. V3 kullanlr. Daha imdi yeni tamamlanm bir aktiviteyi tanmlarken

sylenir.
5

Bir cmlede since varsa ve since olan cmle 2. cmledeyse her zaman Present perfect + Since + Simple past kalbyla olur.***

10

A : Have you eaten lunch ?

B : Yes; I have just eaten lunch.

Already

Fiilden once kullanlr. oktan, zaten manasna gelir.

A : Have you done your homework ?

B : Yes, I have already done it.

Yet

Soru ve olumsuz cmlelerde cmle sonunda kullanlr. Henz manasna gelir.

A : Have you spoken your boss about the pay rise yet ?
B : No, I havent spoken yet.

Past Perfect Tense

Gemite meydana gelen iki olaydan daha eski olan ifade etmek iin kullanlr.
Subj + had + V3
- Aye finished her homework at 2 oclock yesterday. (After / Before) Aye went shopping with her friends at 4 oclock
yesterday.
1st event (1. olay)

2nd event (2. olay)

After6 Aye had finished her homework, she went shopping with her friends yesterday.(devini yaptktan sonra alverie gitti.)
had V

Before6 Aye went shopping with her friends yesterday, she had finished her homework. (Alverie gitmeden once devini yapt.)
* When I arrived at the station, the train had left.(stasyona vardmda tren gitmiti) Arada zaman boluu var o yzden had kullanlr.7
When I arrived at the station, the train left.

(stasyona vardm tren gitti)

Arada zaman boluu yok o yzden had kullanlmaz.

After her zaman ilk olayn banda, before da her zaman ikinci olayn banda bulunur.
Past perfect tense birbirinin pei sra olan olaylarda kullanlmaz. Arada bir zaman boluu yoksa simple past, zaman boluu varsa past perfect
kullanlr.
7

10

* Ahmet ate sushi for the time yesterday.(Ahmet ilk defa dn sushi yedi)
He hadnt eaten (not / eat) sushi before.8

Present Perfect Continuous

Bu tensi gemite balam ve konuma annda hala devam eden olaylarn devam ettiini kar tarafa daha vurgulu bir ekilde
sylemek iin kullanrz.
Subj + have / has been + Ving
- I started to study economics 2 years ago and Im still studying it.

I have been studying economics for 2 hours.

since 12 oclock.

- Im freezing because I ve been waiting (wait) for the bus since you called me half an hour ago.
- I ve read (read) 10 pages of this book so far.
- I ve been reading (read) this book for a week and I like it very much.

Future Continuous Tense

Gelecekte nokta bir zamanda yapyor olacamz ileri ifade etmek iin kullanrz.
Subj + will be + Ving
from Ankara to zmir : 12:00
8

20:00 (Yolculuk sresi)

nce V2 daha sonra cmle sonunda before varsa bu cmle kesinlikle past perfect olmaldr. (had + V 3)

10

* yapyor olacam.
* ediyor olacam.

- At this time tomorrow, I will be going to zmir.(Yarn bu saatte zmire gidiyor olacam.)
A : Shall I call you at 2 oclock tomorrow ? (Yarn saat 2 de seni arayaym m?)
B : No, because I will be having a meeting at that time tomorrow.

10

(Hayr yarn o saatte toplantda olacam)