Dry & Wet with Wind

7
Lecture Notes Prof. Holz

7.1 Objective
Two effects are to be studied, the first one concerns understandng of the Coriolis force and the second one
nmerical properties when areas fell dry and are reflooded. Wind simulation is a good way to access these
problems.

7.2 Test on Wind

Basin
Depth 20 [m]

50 x 50 [km]

The figure left shows the system to be

used. It is a square basin with constant
water depth.
The simulations should be done with inital conditions of water at rest filling he
basin. Water elevation is zero.
Wind velocity may be chosen arbitrarily,
20 [m/s] corresponds to normal situation
of Beaufort 4--5, 50 [m/s] is storm and
heavy storm is 100 [m/s].
Simulation should be done until steady
state is reached.
The simulations should be done with 1--,
2-- and 3--D models.
Water level and velocity vectors should be
checked.

Note: MIKE21 needs an UTM--System to be defined for wind and coriolis simulation; UTM--33 corresponds
to German Baltic coast.
For result checking no experimental data are given rather than an analytical solution. For a channel (1--d) with
wind blowing in the direction of the channel holds:
(a)
(h)
A
q i , t + ( U i qj ) , j + g (a + h) h , i
i k qk , j j +

= 0
h , t + ( (a + h) U i ) , i = 0

with

qi
Ui
a
h

discharge
cross section averaged velocities
water depth from rest
free surface

i, j, k = 1, 2

7.2 Test on Wind, continued

Ai k


(a)
(h)

eddy viscosity
density of water
bottom stress (friction)
surface stress (wind)

Momentum equation: For stationary conditions holds (no inertia)

(a)
(h)
A
g (a + h) h , i
i k q k , j j +

= 0

At stationary conditions the flow velocity is zero

(h)
g (a + h) h , i
= 0

which is the balance between gravity and wind forcing at the surface.
The wind forcing is constant for steady state conditions. If we assumme the wind setup small versus the water
depth, the free surface gradient can be calculated giving a linear function ver the length of the channel
(h)
a h , i 1g
= 0.

"

Simulation in 1- , 2- and 3- D Model:

Do a simulation with 1--, 2-- and 3--dim. model without coriolis force acting; choose high friction
values at bottom to damp oscillations; analyse the water--level and the velocities.

"

Repeat the smulations with Coriolis force:

compare results with and without Coriolis force.

"

Report about your findings (.pdf).

Summarize your findings, what is good, what is poor, is physics reproduced correctly,
where are limitations. Give recommendations which model to apply when.

7.3 Test on Wet & Dry

Basin
5 x 2 [km]

5.00

--10.00

Test_07 Dry&Wet with Wind

5.00

Depth

The figure left shows the system to be

used. It is a regular basin with symmetric
variable water depths.
The simulations should be done with inital conditions of water at rest filling he
basin. Water elevation is zero.
Wind velocity may be chosen arbitrarily,
20 [m/s] corresponds to normal situation
of Beaufort 4--5, 50 [m/s] is storm and
heavy storm is 100 [m/s].
Simulation should be done until steady
state is reached.
The simulations should be done with 1--,
2-- and 3--D models.
Water level and velocity vectors should be
checked.

page --11--

7.3 Test on Wet & Dry, continued

"

Check on mass conservation.

The simulation should be done until a steady state is reached. Then the wind should be switchedJ
off and the simulation should be continued until the water is at rest again. Then the final water
level and the water level at initial state should be compared to check on volume (water) losses
due to the dry & wet strategy.

"

Check on sensitivity of dry & wet parameters.

Test should be made for different parameter constellations of minimum remaining water depths
and different slopes of the nndated areas.

"

Report about your findings (.pdf).

Summarize your findings, what is good, what is poor, is physics reproduced correctly,
where are limitations.

page --12--

Lecture Notes Prof. Holz