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API5791/ASMEFFS1Part3BrittleFractureEvaluation
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Processvesselssuchastowers,drumsandheatexchangersmay
beexposedtolowtemperaturesasapartofnormaloperationoras
theresultofanupsetcondition.Carbonandlowalloysteelstypically
used in process vessels undergo a transition from ductile to brittle
behavior as temperature is reduced and are at increased risk of
brittle fracture at low temperature. To reduce this risk, the ASME
Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code contains requirements for vessels
and vessel components with respect to low temperature operation.
While these rules are applicable to new construction, API 579
1/ASME FFS1 uses the Code rules, with some modifications, as
the basis for evaluating the brittle fracture resistance of existing
vessels. The objective of the assessment is to determine the
acceptabilityoftheequipmentforoperationatagivenpressureand
temperatureoranenvelopeofpressuresandtemperatures.
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Overallvesselinputdataincludedesigntemperatureandpressure
(ormaximumallowableworkingpressure),hydrostatictest
temperatureandpressure,designcorrosionallowance,previousmetallossandfuturecorrosionallowance.Dataon
majorvesselcomponents(shell,heads,andcones)andallcomponentsweldedtothatcomponent,(skirt,nozzles,
flanges,lugs,etc.)areinputinlogicalblocksofinformationtofacilitatetheidentificationofthecomponent
limiting/settingtheoverallvesselMAT.Specialprovisionismadefortheinputofheatexchangercomponents
(tubesheetsandgirthflanges)andflatcomponents(flatheadsandblinds).Vesselcomponentdataincludenominal
thickness,materialsofconstruction,heattreatmentandimpacttesttemperature(ifavailable),andjointefficiency.
HistoricoperatingconditionscanbeenteredandareusedinsomecircumstancestoestablishtheMATbasedon
pastoperationsatlowtemperatures.Theinputforautorefrigerationevaluationincludesalloftheabovedataplus
thevaporpressurecurvesforthefluidsofinterest.Thespreadsheetincludespreprogrammedtablesofcommonly
usedcarbonandlowalloysteelsandcurvesforMATvs.materialthicknessandallowablereductioninMATbased
onhydrostaticprooftesting.
ThespreadsheetoutputisaplotoffluidvaporpressureandthevesselsMATplottedasafunctionofdecreasing
pressure.ThereisagreaterriskofbrittlefractureforanypointoftemperatureandpressureontheMATcurve
abovethefluidsvaporpressurecurve.Ifthepoint(s)ontheMATcurvearebelowthefluidsvaporpressurecurve,
thepressureiswithintheenvelopeofacceptableoperation.
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