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Running Header: Cervical, Ovarian, and Uterine cancer

Cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancer

Jonathan Bland
Pathophysiology
Professor Lori McGowan

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Running Header: Cervical, Ovarian, and Uterine cancer

Compare
and
Contrast

Cervical
Cervical cancer is the third most
common type of cancer in women.
Less common in America because of
routine Pap smears. It starts in the cells
on the surface of the cervix. Most
cervical cancers are from the
squamous cells. Very slow to develop.
Can be detected on pap smears and is
100% treatable. Undetected
precancerous changes can develop into
cervical cancer and spread to the
bladder, intestine, lungs, and liver. It
can take years before precancerous
changes become cervical cancer.
Patients dont have much trouble until
the cancer has spread. Almost all
cervical cancers are caused by human
papilloma virus (HPV), which is
spread through intercourse. Risk
factors, having sex at an early age,
multiple sex partners, poor economic
status, women whose mothers took the
drug DES (diethylstilbestrol) during
pregnancy in the early 1960s to
prevent miscarriage, weakened
immune system.

Ovarian
Ovarian Cancer is
cancer that starts in the
ovaries. Risk factors for
developing, the more
children a woman has
and the earlier in life
she gives birth, the
lower her risk for
ovarian cancer. Gene
defects (BRCA1 and
BRCA2) are responsible
for some cases. Hx of
breast cancer or family
Hx of breast cancer.
Women who take
estrogen replacement
(not with progesterone)
for 5 years or more have
a higher risk. Birth
control pills however
decrease the risk of
ovarian cancer. Older
women are at higher
risk for developing
ovarian cancer.

Uterine Cancer
Endometrial cancer is
the most common type
of uterine cancer. Some
studies show that
increased levels of
estrogen may appear to
play a role in the cause.
Risk factors, diabetes,
estrogen replacement
without the use of
progesterone, Hx of
endometrial polyps or
benign growths of the
uterine lining, infertility,
infrequent periods,
Tamoxifen a breast
cancer treating drug,
Never being pregnant.
Obesity, polycystic
ovarian syndrome
(PCOS), having your
first period before 12
and starting menopause
after 50.

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Running Header: Cervical, Ovarian, and Uterine cancer

Treatment for cervical cancers depends

on the stage of the cancer, the size and
shape of the tumor, the womans age
and general health, her desire to have
children in the future. Types of surgery
for early cervical cancer include Loop
electrosurgical excision procedureuses electricity to remove abnormal
tissue. Cryotherapy-freezes abnormal
cells, Laser therapy- uses light to burn
abnormal tissue. Treatment for
advanced cervical cancer may include,
Radical hysterectomy, which is the
removal of the uterus and much of the
surrounding tissues including lymph
nodes and the upper part of the vagina.
Pelvic exenteration, extreme type of
surgery in which all of the organs of
the pelvis, including the bladder and
rectum, are removed. Radiation
internal and external therapy.

Surgery is used to treat

all stages of ovarian
cancer, especially for
early stage in ovarian
cancer. The surgery
involves removal of the
uterus, removal of both
ovaries and fallopian
tubes, partial or
complete removal of the
omentum.
Chemotherapy is used
to treat any remaining
disease. Radiation is
rarely used in ovarian
cancer in the US.

Treatment involves
surgery, radiation
therapy, and
chemotherapy. A
hysterectomy may be
performed in women
early in stage one.
Abdominal
hysterectomy is
recommended over
vaginal hysterectomy.
Surgery combined with
radiation therapy used
to treat women in stage
one and two.
Chemotherapy is used
especially for patients in
stage 3 and 4.

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Running Header: Cervical, Ovarian, and Uterine cancer

Works Cited
Chen, Y.-B. M. (2010, Dec 28). Cervical Cancer. Retrieved April 1, 2011, from PubMed:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001895/

Chen, Y.-B. M. (2010, Dec 28). Ovarian Cancer. Retrieved April 1, 2011, from PubMed:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001891/

Gould, B. E. (2006). Pathophysiology for the Health Professionals, 3rd Edition. Philadelphia: W.B.
Sauders.

Vorvick, L. J. (2010, Feb 21). Endometrial Cancer. Retrieved April 1, 2011, from PubMed Health:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001908/