10/28/2014 11:20:00 PM

Core features of frontal lobe dementias include insidious onset,

gradual progression, and an early decline in social and
interpersonal conduct. Emotional blunting and apathy also occur
early without insight. There is a marked decline in personal
hygiene, as well as significant distractibility and motor
impersistence (failure to maintain a motor activity). In the types
of frontal dementia associated with aphasia, language is affected
more significantly than personality. Frontal lobe dementias may
also cause patients to be apathetic when medial frontal damage
occurs and disinhibited when basal-frontal dysfunction
predominates. Social withdrawal and behavioral disinhibition may
precede the onset of dementia by several years. In patients
whose frontal lobe dementia primarily affects frontal language,
loss of spontaneity of speech is often the first noticeable
symptom. MRI in frontotemporal dementia demonstrates frontal
atrophy and ventricular enlargement

MVP most common valve involved in IE leads to MR murmur, AR is the 2nd

m/c
BZD overdose = slurred speech and ataxia (differ from alcohol and phenytoin by
no nystagmus

Menopause decreased estrogen results in no neg feedback and thus increase fsh
and lh, appose to anvoultion where the lh and fsh is normal and seen in obesity
Skin involvement is always seen in graft vs host and has broncholitiasis obliterans
Next step in missed abortion after fetal heart tones is pelvis usg to see products of
conception and heart rate, then get baseline b hcg level

Alcoholism can also cause basophilic stippling due to ribosome preciptates in the
rbc cytoplasma
Preeclampsia has generalized arterial vasospasm, leads to increased systemic
vascular resistence and high cardiac afterload, increased pul capillary pressure low
albumin and renal hypoperfusion leads to pul edema
Anvolution in first few years of menorrhagia due to immature HPO
Methemoglobinemia occurs after exposure to oxidizing agents dapsone and
anaesthetics
The diabetes is usually mild, the anemia is due to the catabolic action of
glucagon, and the dermatitis is characteristically described asMigratory
Necrolytic Dermatitis. And anemia
Schistocytes (AKA helmet cells) are buzzwords for the following conditions:
DIC
HUS (hemolytic uremic syndrome)
TTP (thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura)
Mechanical /prosthetic valves
Calcified Aortic valves
Rapid drop in Hct in setting of hemolytic anemia = parovirus b19 inf, rapid
drop in reticulocytes (normally increased due to hemolytic anemia)
Transvaginal USG for measuring cerical length
Aldosterone saves sodium and secretes potassium and hydrogen
Decreased reticulocytes = leukemia, aplastic anemia, infection, medication
side effects
MAHA in HEELP syndrome (fragmented RBCs) definitive treatment is delivery
ASAP

Ethosuximide affects thalamic neurons by working against calcium currents

Acquired sideroblastic anemia, condition is due to defective heme synthesis
Tumor lysis syndrome increased K+, uric acid and phosphate (released
phosphate binds to Ca++ leads to hypocalcemia)
Variable vs late decal = variable is more than 15 sec but less than 30, late
decel is more than 30sec
First step in any non reassuring FHR is to improve fetal ocygenation and
uteroplacental blood flow by 02 and changing maternal position