Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Japan
Contents
1
Onsen
1.1
Mixed bathing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2
Etiquette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.1
Ensuring cleanliness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.2
Swimsuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.3
Towels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.4
Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.5
Tattoos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3
Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4
Risks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5
Selected onsen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6
See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.7
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.8
Further reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.9
External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sent
2.1
2.1.1
Entrance area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.2
Changing room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.3
Bathing area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.4
Boiler room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1.5
Sauna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Etiquette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
2.2.1
Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
2.2.2
10
2.2.3
Bathing area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
10
2.3.1
Etiquette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
2.3.2
Tattoos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
2.4
Sanitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
2.5
Pricing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
2.6
History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
2.2
2.3
ii
CONTENTS
2.6.1
11
2.6.2
Kamakura period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
2.6.3
Edo period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
2.6.4
Meiji period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
2.6.5
Rebuilding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
2.6.6
Golden era . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
2.6.7
Decline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
2.6.8
Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
2.7
See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
2.8
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
2.9
Further reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
13
13
Ashiyu
14
3.1
Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
3.2
See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
3.3
External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
14
Furo
15
4.1
See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
4.2
External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16
Ganban'yoku
17
5.1
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
5.2
External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
Sansuke
18
6.1
18
6.2
18
6.3
Nagashi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18
6.4
18
6.5
19
6.6
Sansuke of today . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
6.7
Reference books
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
6.8
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19
6.9
20
6.9.1
Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
6.9.2
Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
6.9.3
Content license . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
Chapter 1
Onsen
CHAPTER 1. ONSEN
1.2 Etiquette
Baskets
1.3. THERAPY
1.2.2
Swimsuits
1.3 Therapy
The volcanic nature of Japan provides plenty of springs.
When the onsen's water contains distinctive minerals or
chemicals, the onsen establishments display what type of
onsen it is.
Some examples of types of onsen include:
1.2.3
Towels
1.2.4
Noise
Shower cubicles
1.2.5
Tattoos
CHAPTER 1. ONSEN
daily.* [11] These precautions as well as proper onsen usage (i.e. not placing the head underwater, washing thoroughly before entering the bath) greatly reduces any overall risk to bathers.
Akagi, Gunma
Akayu, Yamagata
5
Ginzan Onsen, Obanazawa, Yamagata
Hakone, Kanagawa, famous onsen resort town near
Tokyo
Hanamaki, Iwate
Hirayu Onsen (ja), Takayama, Gifu
Hokkawa Onsen (ja), Shizuoka
Ibusuki Onsen, Kagoshima Prefecture
Ikaho Onsen (ja), Ikaho, Gunma
It, Shizuoka
Iwaki Yumoto Onsen, Fukushima Prefecture
Iwamuro, Niigata, famous for onsen since the Edo
period
Jigokudani, Nagano Prefecture
Jzankei Onsen (ja), Hokkaido
Kaike Onsen (ja), Yonago, Tottori
Kakeyu Onsen (ja), Nagano
Kanzanji Onsen (ja), Shizuoka
Katayamazu Onsen (ja), Kaga, Ishikawa
Onsen
(ja),
Nachikatsuura,
CHAPTER 1. ONSEN
fuka Onsen, Akita
Ryujin Onsen (ja), Tanabe, Wakayama, one of
Japan's famous three beautifying onsen
Sabakoyu Onsen, Fukushima Prefecture, the oldest
community onsen in Japan
Sakunami Onsen, Miyagi
Senami Onsen (ja), Niigata Prefecture
Shimabara, Nagasaki
Sauna
Sent
Turkish bath
1.7 References
[1] This term should be carefully dierentiated from the word
skinship ( sukinshippu) which refers to the
benets of physical contact, for instance, on babies by their
mothers.
[2] Japan's Konyoku (mixed gender) Onsen Best 100.
Konyoku.org. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
[3] In very isolated onsen, where there is no possibility to use
soap before entering in the bath, onsen users are expected
to at least rinse their body with the water of the bath before
entering it.
[4] Covering the oending tattoo with sticking plaster can
sometimes solve the problem.Onsen Warnings and Hassles
[5] Tattoo in Japan (2009-12-22).Tattoo in Japan. Boing
Boing. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
[6] Sunnypages - Tokyo reviews by English speakers. Sunnypages.jp. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
[7] Getting into hot water for health. The Japan Times. May
25, 2003.
Chapter 2
Sent
2.1 Layout and architectural features
2.1.2
Changing room
Boiler room
Behind the bathing area is the boiler room (, kamaba), where the water is heated. This may use oil or electricity, or any other type of fuel such as wood chippings.
The tall chimneys of the boilers are often used to locate
the sent from far away. After the war Tokyo often had
power outages when all bath house owners turned on the
electric water heating at the same time.
2.1.5 Sauna
Many modern sent have a sauna with a bathtub of cold
water just outside it for cooling o afterwards. It should
be noted that you are expected to pay an extra fee to use
the sauna, and you will often receive a simple wristband
to signify your payment of the extra fee.
10
CHAPTER 2. SENT
2.2 Etiquette
This section describes the basic procedure to use a sent.
The public bath is an area where the uninitiated can seriously oend or inconvenience the regulars.
2.2.1
Equipment
Taking a bath at a public sent requires at a bare minimum a small towel and some soap/shampoo. Attendants usually sell these items for 100-200 yen. Many
people bring two towels; a handtowel for drying and a
handtowel or washcloth for washing. A nylon scrubbing
cloth or scrub brush with liquid soap is normally used
for washing. Other body hygiene products may include
a pumice stone, toothbrush, toothpaste, shaving equipment, combs, shower caps, pomade, make up products,
powder, creams, etc. Some regular customers store their
bucket of bathing equipment on open shelves in the dressing room.
2.2.2
In Japan it is customary to remove one's shoes when entering a private home. Similarly shoes are removed before entering the bathing area in a sent. They are kept
in a shoe locker. The locker is usually available free of
charge. Afterwards bathers go through one of the two
doors depending on their gender. The men's door usually
has a bluish color and the kanji for man (, otoko), and
the women's door usually has a reddish color and the kanji
for woman (, onna). The fee is set at 450 yen for all
sent in Tokyo.* [3] The attendant usually provides at extra cost a variety of bath products including towel, soap,
shampoo, razor, and comb. Ice cream or juice from the
freezer can also be paid for here. There are usually free
lockers with keys (that may be worn on the wrist into the
baths) or large baskets provided to put personal eects.
others. In particular; not washing before bathing, introducing soap into the bath water and horseplay. Sent
commonly display a poster describing bathing etiquette
and procedures in Japanese or occasionally in other languages for international customers.
Some ports in Hokkaid, frequently used by the Russian
shing eet had problems with drunken Russian sailors
misbehaving in the bath. Subsequently, a few bath houses
chose not to allow foreign customers at all.
2.3.2 Tattoos
Some public baths have signs refusing entry for people
with tattoos. However, one may be allowed in if the
tattoos are not too obvious. If one ventures to a public bathing place that is publicly owned, this should not
present a problem as they have a duty to let all taxpaying citizens in. The original reason behind the ban
was to keep out the yakuza (ocially called the violence groupsby the police).* [4]
2.4 Sanitation
2.2.3
Bathing area
2.5 Pricing
2.3 Social and cultural aspects
2.6. HISTORY
11
Edo period
2.6 History
2.6.1
The Nara period to Kamakura period is dened asreligious bathing. Initially, due to its religious background,
baths in Japan were usually found in a temple. These
baths were called yya (, lit. hot water shop), or
later when they increased in size yuya (, lit. big
hot water shop). These baths were most often steam baths
(, mushiburo, lit. steam bath). While initially
these baths were only used by priests, sick people gradually also gained access, until in the Kamakura period
(11851333) sick people were routinely allowed access to
the bath house. Wealthy merchants and members of the
upper class soon also included baths in their residences.
12
CHAPTER 2. SENT
2.6.4
Golden era
Meiji period
2.6.8
Future
13
Jjimjilbang
Mikveh
Taiwanese hot springs
Sauna
2.8 References
[1] " ". 1010.or.jp. Retrieved 2014-07-31.
[2] Written by Ryoko.Sento Art: Public Bath House Paintings | PingMag : Art, Design, Life from Japan. Pingmag.jp. Retrieved 2014-07-31.
Chapter 3
Ashiyu
requirement, this is not required at a foot bath. There are
foot baths with changing rooms, but they are extremely
rare. In some places, a part of the ashiyu can be used to
soak the hands teyu(hand bath).
At Kannawa Hot Spring's Steam Foot Bathin Oita
Prefecture, and Sukayu Hot Spring'sManjufukashiin
Aomori Prefecture, the steam from the hot spring is used
to warm the body.
An ashiyu () is a Japanese public bath in which people can bathe their feet. The majority of ashiyu are free.
3.1 Outline
The term ashiyu is a combination of the two characters
ashi meaningfoot, andyu meaninghot
water.
Many ashiyu are set up on street corners in towns with
hot springs (onsen). People can easily enjoy them without having to remove all their clothing. They can also be
found at railway stations, rest areas, and parks. While
most foot baths are free, at some places a small donation
or fee under 200 yen is required.
An ashiyu is dierent from a normal hot spring. At a hot
spring the entire body is immersed in the water, but at an
ashiyu(foot bath) only the feet and legs up to the knees
are immersed. Despite this dierence, a foot bath can still
warm the entire body because of the large veins that run
through the legs. Before using a footbath, shoes and socks
must be removed. Rolling up pants to the knees is also
a common practice. However, unlike a hot spring where
washing the body with soap before entering the bath is a
14
Chapter 4
Furo
For furo ( ), the hearth used in Japanese tea
ceremony, see List of Japanese tea ceremony equipment#Hearths.
Furo ( ), the more common and polite form:
16
tionally.
CHAPTER 4. FURO
Chapter 5
Ganban'yoku
Ganban'yoku () is Japanese term for a popular
form of hot stone spa. It is said to have originated in
Thailand.
Body-sized stones, such as granite, are inserted into the
oor and heated. Bathers lie clothed on the stones while
their bodies gradually heat up.
Like low temperature saunas, ganban'yoku are commonly
advertised to have a detoxication eect, improve the
circulatory system and are good for the skin. A ganban'yoku room in a spa would typically be visited after
the baths and would be in a clothing-on area with mixed
genders.
Many spa facilities, including Spa LaQua at Tokyo Dome
City, have ganban'yoku rooms.
5.1 References
5.2 External links
About ganban-yoku
17
Chapter 6
Sansuke
Sansuke () are the working sta that provide many
services at the Zeniyu ( public bathhouse) in Japan.
6.3
Nagashi
In Japanese Sansuke means three kinds of services, kamataki (stoking of the boiler), yukagen wo miru (checking the temperature of the bath water), and bandai(fee
collection). It was an occasional duty for the Sansuke to
provide the service of washing o dirt or brushing for customers. For this reason, the image Sansuke = the service to
the visitor in the bathhouse was generalized emphasizing When the washing service was done and received a tag
this role.
from customer, his work was accomplished. His perWhen smallpox was occurring around in Nara era, the centage of pay was based according to the number on
Kohmyo Kougou ( Empress Kohmyo ), the the tag.* [3] The Sansuke belonged to a higher economic
Shohmu Tennoh ( Emperor Shomu) 's empress, bracket in Sento and were considered to be gentlemen.
build the bathhouse and devoid to the treatment of the patients by herself. Three chamberlains helped the Empress
during that time. They called them Sansuke(), and 6.4 Kodakara no yu and Sansuke
this name became the origin of Sansuke () thereafter. * [1] During the Edo era, a Genan ( manservant), or Komono ( humble servant) was wildly described as Sansuke too.* [2]
6.2
18
6.8. REFERENCES
(Not that the Sansuke or the spa had any magical powers,
the Sansuke fathered the child).
During the Edo era, people had dierent priorities. For
women, it was of paramount importance to leave the
household with a son and heir; thus, they had to become
pregnant by some way. A daughter-in-law who had not
yet produced a son would be given directions to go Kodakara no yu impliedly by mother-in-law and father.
19
6.8 References
[1] 1981 ISBN
978-4-378-02103-4
[2]
[3] 1984
175-178
[4] 1971
6.5
[5]
71
-2009 5 31
[6] 2009 6 25
6.6
Sansuke of today
, --
, 2001.
1984 BOOKS No.16ISBN 4-63900311-0
1912 * [7]
[7]
20
CHAPTER 6. SANSUKE
Text
Onsen Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onsen?oldid=630759241 Contributors: The Anome, Ixfd64, Pde, Jovan, KAMiKAZOW,
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Ched, GrouchoBot, Gbiddy, FrescoBot, Seibun, Tam Ponn, AstaBOTh15, December21st2012Freak, Yunshui, Sznax, Ashot Gabrielyan,
Bxj, ClueBot NG, Widr, Helpful Pixie Bot, Thesoulofjapan, Dexbot, Isarra (HG) and Anonymous: 97
Ashiyu Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashiyu?oldid=622274872 Contributors: The Anome, Robbot, Zscout370, Nesnad, DAJF,
Jason7825, Thijs!bot, Bobblehead, The Anomebot2, Hugo999, Addbot, Lightbot, Look2See1, ZroBot, Bxj, Nasu2001 and LouisAlain
Furo Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furo?oldid=622740364 Contributors: Nurg, Cornellier, Exploding Boy, Kusunose, Graham87,
BD2412, Kajmal, SmackBot, Nihonjoe, Kintetsubualo, Mcaruso, LeoNomis, Ryulong, Wouterkloos, RolfSander, Mind meal, Idiomabot, TXiKiBoT, Oda Mari, Kanesue, ClueBot, Tmol42, HexaChord, Addbot, Momiji usagi, Lightbot, Estudiarme, Gbiddy, Seibun, BoundaryRider, Phoenix7777, Maneko, Bxj, Tsuchiya Hikaru, Sakura-iro no namida, Isabelle Kephart, ChrisGualtieri and Anonymous: 21
Ganban'yoku Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganban'yoku?oldid=619221643 Contributors: The Anome, Scarykitty, Tokek,
Rincewind42, SmackBot, Nekohakase, Alaibot, Abtract, Magioladitis, The Anomebot2, Hugo999, Graham.barron, Canis Lupus, Dthomsen8, Addbot, Akimakoto, Look2See1, Bxj and Anonymous: 2
Sansuke Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sansuke?oldid=619222450 Contributors: BD2412, Rjwilmsi, DAJF, Escarbot, VolkovBot,
EoGuy, Sun Creator, Dthomsen8, Addbot, Ironholds, Luckas-bot, Yobot, AnomieBOT, Fern 24, Phoenix7777, Tea with toast, Your Lord
and Master, A Japanologist, Bxj and Mark Arsten
6.9.2
Images
File:20061022132302.JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/20061022132302.JPG License: CC-BY-SA2.5 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Damepo
File:Ambox_content.png Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f4/Ambox_content.png License: ? Contributors:
Derived from Image:Information icon.svg Original artist:
El T (original icon); David Levy (modied design); Penubag (modied color)
File:BATH_IN_AN_AGRICULTURAL_SCHOOL.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/BATH_IN_
AN_AGRICULTURAL_SCHOOL.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Commons-logo.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:Dogo_Hot_Spring2(Matsuyama_City).JPG Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Dogo_Hot_Spring2%
28Matsuyama_City%29.JPG License: CC-BY-3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Jyo81 (ja:User)
File:Edit-clear.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg License: ? Contributors: The Tango! Desktop
Project. Original artist:
The people from the Tango! project. And according to the meta-data in the le, specically:Andreas Nilsson, and Jakub Steiner (although
minimally).
21
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Kiyonaga_bathhouse_
22
CHAPTER 6. SANSUKE
6.9.3
Content license