EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF GRADUATES OF ZSCMST GRADUATE SCHOOL

By:
CATALINA P. MARTINEZ
Dean of Graduate School
Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and Technology
Zamboanga City

ROSALIO D. TENORIO
Graduate Professor
Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and Technology
Zamboanga City

September 15, 2014

THE EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF GRADUATES OF ZSCMST GRADUATE SCHOOL

By:
Catalina P. Martinez
Rosalio D. Tenorio
ABSTRACT
This study was conducted to find out the status of employment of masters degree graduates of
the Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and Technology. The respondents were graduates from
of the school year 2007 to 2013 in various academic programs of the Graduate School. They were
selected using the convenience sampling. Frequency, percentage and Chi Square tests were used in the
analysis of data.
Findings indicated that the masters degree graduates were: (a) In 2008, there were 10 out of 19
or 52.6 percent male graduates of masters degree and 9 or 47.4 percent females, and 18 or 94.7 percent
married and only one or 5.3 percent widow/er, nine or 47.4 percent were Chavacano, two each or 10.5
percent Bisaya and Samal and one each or 5.3 percent Tagalog, Tausug, Ilocano, Hiligaynon, and
Boholano respectively; (b) In 2010, eight out of 10 or 80 percent of the graduates were females and only
two or 20 percent were males, nine or 90 percent were married and only one or 10 percent were single,
four or 40 percent of the graduates were Chavacano, three each or 30 percent were Bisaya and Tausug
respectively; (c) In 2011, 11 out of 13 or 78.6 percent were females and three or 21.4 percent were males,
eleven or 78.6 percent were married and three or 21.4 percent were single, nine or 64.3 percent were
Chavacano, two or 14.3 percent were Bisaya and one each or 7.1 percent Tagalog, Tausug and Ilocano
respectively; (d) In 2012, 13 or 56.5 percent out of 23 were females and 10 or 43.5 percent were males,
20 or 87 percent were married and two or 8.7 percent were single and one or 4.3 percent was separated,
10 or 43.5 percent were Chavacano, five each or 21. 7 percent Bisaya and Tausug respectively, two or
8.7 percent Tagalog and one or 4.3 percent was Ilocano.
When the profile is taken individually, not one of the profiles significantly influence the status of
employment in terms of position among graduates of masters degree. On the other hand, a low

relationship exists between the profile of the masters degree graduates of 2012 in terms of gender, civil
status and ethnicity taken collectively and the status of employment in terms of position as evidenced in
its coefficient r value of 0.326. When the profile is taken individually, not one of them significantly
contribute to the employment status of the 2012 graduates in terms of position. The profile of graduates
across all years did not significantly affect their status of employment in terms of salary, promotion,
position and job performance. Findings also revealed that the t-Obs with p-Values greater than the alpha
level shows that the masters degree obtained by the graduates of 2008, 2010, 2011 and 2012 does not
significantly contribute to their employment status in terms of position, salary, job performance and
promotion.
This study concluded that the 2008 graduates of masters degree were generally males or
females, married and Chavacano. In 2010, the graduates were generally females, married and Chavacano,
Bisaya and Tausug. In 2011, there were more female, married and Chavacano. In 2012, graduates were
generally females, married and Chavacano. A good number of teachers were promoted after obtaining
their masters degree while one is in the PNP. The profile of the graduates of 2008, 2010, 2011 and 2012
does not influence their status of employment in terms of promotion, job performance, position and
salary. Lastly, the masters degree obtained by the graduates is not a predictor to their employment status
in terms of position, salary, job performance and promotion.
It is recommended that the graduate school should intensify its campaign to attract young and
single professionals to enroll in various programs. They should also invite more professionals from
different ethnic groups to attend graduate studies like the Hiligaynon, Boholano, Samal and other ethnic
groups. Finally, a similar study should be conducted using other personal-related variables to predict
status of employment of graduates in terms of promotion, job performance, position and salary.

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Renny et al (2013) stressed that evaluation is necessary so that there is no gap between the
world of higher education to the world of real work in the community. Tracer study is tracking how big
college graduates are able to act in accordance with the suitability of development of education effort
to do a search on graduates.
The Graduate School of this college produces professional manpower with earned advanced
education degree for Southwestern Mindanao. It has been operating since 1996 when CHED Chairman,
Hon. Angel C. Alcala and ZSCMST President, Dr. Edgardo M. Santo signed a Memorandum of Agreement
to jointly cooperate in the implementation of the Mindanao Advanced Education Project. Cognizant to
the MOA, on December 17, 1996 the BOT Resolution No. 33 approved the offering of graduateprograms,
Master in Marine Biodiversity and Master in Marine Science/Fisheries. In year 2000, a new program was
added, Master in Marine Fisheries Management.
After year 2000, more programs were offered as follows: Master in Fisheries Management
major in Aquaculture Technology, Master of Arts in Teaching Marine Transportation, Master of Arts in
Teaching Marine Engineering, Master of Arts in Teaching English for Specific Purposes, Master in Public
Management, Master in Maritime Management, Master of Arts in Education major in Alternative
Learning System and Master of Science in Fisheries major in Fish Processing. However, beginning 2003,
the graduate programs run in a self-liquidating scheme.

Operating as self-liquidating unit, it has continued to rise as a promising academic department

of the college. It has tried to achieve excellence to be equally competitive with other graduate
education of other institutions.
The continuous upgrading of the Graduate School is evidenced in the accreditation results
conducted by ISO, CHED and AACUP. Accreditation results have ensured that quality instruction,
updated curriculum and better support services for students are offered to the students.
The good practices in this academic unit have become popular as manifested in the tremendous
increase of enrolment in the last five years. The number of graduates has also increased.
To have a good basis of assessing the status of the graduates of the Graduate School of this
college, this study is conducted. It seeks to determine the status of employment of the masteral
graduates of Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and Technology for the last five years, from
School Year 2008-2009 to 2012-2013. Findings from this study can be used as input to enhance the
effects of GS academic programs and the administrative system.

Theoretical Framework
This study is anchored on the human capital theory which rests on the assumption that formal
education is highly instrumental and even necessary to improve the production capacity of a population.
In short, the human capital theorists argue that an educated population is a productive population.
Human capital theory emphasizes how education increases the productivity and efficiency of
workers by increasing the level of cognitive stock of economically productive human capability which is a
product of innate abilities and investment in human beings. The provision of formal education is seen as
a productive investment in human capital, which the proponents of the theory have considered as
equally or even more equally worthwhile than that of physical capital.

According to Babalola (2003), the rationality behind investment in human capital is based on
three arguments: first, the new generation must be given the appropriate parts of the knowledge which
has already been accumulated by previous generations; second, the new generation should be taught
how existing knowledge should be used to develop new products, to introduce new processes and
production methods and social services; and the people must be encouraged to develop entirely new
ideas, products, processes and methods through creative approaches. In addition, Fagerlind and Saha
(1997) advanced that human capital theory provides a basic justification for large public expenditure on
education both in developing and developed nations. The theory is consistent with the ideologies of
democracy and liberal progression found in most Western societies.
Its appeal was based upon the presumed economic return of investment in education both at
the macro and micro levels. Efforts to promote investment in human capital were seen to result in rapid
economic growth for society. For individuals, such investment was seen to provide returns in the form of
individual economic success and achievement.
Employability therefore, is one measure for the economic return of investment in education. It
refers to a persons capability of gaining initial employment, maintaining employment, and obtaining
new employment if required (Hillage & Polland, 1998 in Suarez-Felicen & Mejia, 2013). In the graduate
level, graduate employability rates are often used in universities as a key performance indicator in
relation to teaching and learning outcomes (Suarez-Felicen & Mejia, 2013).

Conceptual Framework
This study has its parameter on the profile of the masteral graduates from school year 20082009 to 2012 1013 which include gender, age, civil status, ethnicity, sector connected and program
completed. It will also include their position, salary, job promotion and other job opportunities.

Employees who pursue and attain higher educational qualification tend to have higher position,
higher salary, and better performance and have promotion than those who do not avail of the
continuous professional education. Furthermore, this attempted to find out whether the profile of the
graduate students who obtained their masters degree from in 2007-2013 affected their position,
promotion and other employment opportunities.
Profile of Graduates
a. Gender
b. Civil Status
c. Ethnicity
d. Age
e. Sector Connected
f. Program Completed

Employment Status
a. Position
b. Promotion
c. Other Employment
Opportunities

Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigm of the Study

Statement of the Problems:

This study aimed to determine the status of employment of the different masters degree
graduates of Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and Technology Graduate School.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the graduates of Masters degree from school year 2007-2013 in terms of:
1.1 Gender
1.2 Civil Status
1.3 Ethnicity
1.4 Age
1.5 Sector Connected
1.6 Program Completed

2. Is there a significant influence of the graduates profile to their employment status?

3. Is there a significant contribution of the graduates masteral degree to their employment status?
Hypotheses:
1. There is no significant influence of the graduates profile to their employment status?
2. There is no significant contribution of the graduates masteral degree to their employment
status?

Significance of the Study

This study provides empirical data which serve as inputs in formulating policies designed to
make the curriculum of the Graduate School of the Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and
Technology responsive, relevant and attuned to the fast changing world.
Specifically, this study, its applications and implications would be beneficial to the following:
ZSCMST Curriculum Makers. The study could provide relevant data to curriculum planners in
revising and designing a curriculum in accordance to the developmental needs of the graduate students.
College President. The College President could instruct graduate curriculum makers and Dean of
the Graduate School to re-examine and re-design graduate school curriculum

appropriate in the

enhancement of knowledge and skills of the graduate school students.

Graduate School Dean. The Graduate School Dean could lead the faculty in re-examining and
enhancing their curriculum responsive to the developmental needs of the graduate students.
Faculty. The faculty could explore for possibilities in improving academic instruction by
integrating concepts designed to make their students efficient and effective in carrying their tasks in
their respective workplaces.

Graduate Students. The graduate students are the direct beneficiaries of this study since any
attempt to enhance the curriculum of the Graduate School could further strengthen their knowledge,
skills and attitude in the performance of their jobs.
Other Researchers. This study is also be important to other researchers since they can use the
data of this study to better understand the research they intend to conduct.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study involved graduates of the masteral programs from school year 2007 2013 of the
Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and Technology. The profile of the graduate students
include gender, civil status, ethnicity, age, sector connected and degree obtained. Employment status
includes position, job promotion and other job opportunities of the graduates who obtained their
masters degree from school year 2007 2013.
The results of this study were reflective of the whole population of masters degree graduates of
Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and Technology.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the related literature and studies which served as bases in constructing
the research theoretical framework, formulating research problems, guiding the research hypotheses,
selecting the variables of the study and lending support to some of the findings in the study.

Related Literature
The importance of education and human capital has been brought out in many studies of
economic growth and development. Robert (1991) developed a human capital model which shows that
education and the creation of human capital was responsible for both the differences in labor
productivity and the differences in overall levels of technology that the world has achieved at present.
More than anything else, it has been the spectacular growth in East Asia that has given education and
human capital their current popularity in the field of economic growth and development. Countries such
as Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan have achieved unprecedented rates of economic growth
while making large investments in education.
The

World Bank (1993) reported that improvement in education is a very significant

explanatory variable for East Asian economic growth. There are several ways of modeling how the huge
expansion of education accelerated economic growth and development. The first is to view education as
an investment in human capital. A different view of the role of education in the economic success is that
education has positive externalities. The idea that education generates positive externalities is by no
means new. Many of the classical economists argued strongly for governments active support of
education on the grounds of the positive externalities that society would gain from a more educated

labor force and populace (Van-Den-Berg 2001).

Education is seen as an input into the intentional and entrepreneurial efforts to create new
technology and new products. Proponents of this view of education point out the close correlation
between new product development and levels of education. The countries that are at the forefront of
technology also have the most educated population (Van-Den-Berg 2001). The review of empirical tests
of the theory by Garba (2002) shows that cross-country regressions have shown positive correlation
between educational attainment and economic growth and development. Odekunle (2001) affirms that
investment in human capital has positive effects on the supply of entrepreneurial activity and
technological innovation. Ayeni (2003) asserts that education as an investment has future benefits of
creation of status, job security and other benefits in cash and in kind.

Related Studies
There are tracer studies conducted in various fields like management, commerce, engineering,
education, hotel and restaurant and other fields in tertiary education, much more in the graduate
school. Renny et al (2013) presented that tracer study results can be used by universities to determine
the success of the educational process that has been done towards their students. The tracer studies
which are presented in this part of the chapter provided insights to researchers who are presently
conducting a similar study.
Samer Al-Samarrai and Barry Reilly (2011) completed a tracer survey of secondary school
completers, analyses the impact of education and training on individual welfare through the estimation
of earnings equations. The findings suggest that the rates of return to educational qualifications are not
negligible and, at the margin, provide an investment incentive. However, little evidence of human

capital effects in the earnings determination process in the self-employment sector. Information
contained in the tracer survey allowed the introduction of controls for fathers educational background
and a set of school fixed effects designed to proxy for school quality and potential labor market network
effects. The analysis shows that the inclusion of these controls tends to reduce the estimated rates of
return to educational qualifications. This emphasizes the potential confounding role of school
quality/network effects and parental background for rate of return analysis. We would argue that a
failure to control for such background variables potentially leads to an over-statement in the estimated
returns to education. A comparison of our results with evidence from other countries in the region
shows that despite an extremely small secondary and university education system the private rates of
return to education in the Tanzanian wage employment sector are relatively low.
Zembere and Chinyama (2003) conducted a tracer study among the graduates of the University
of Malawi who graduated between 1997 and 2002. The main objective of the tracer study was to
examine the changes in the career pattern of the graduates in order to provide a basis of evaluation of
the current programmes of the University of Malawi. A similar study for the University of Malawi was
carried out in 1988 for graduates of 1968 to 1987. The University awarded the first certificates to its
deserving graduates in 1968 and by 1987 it had awarded 7,514 degrees, diplomas and certificates.
Between 1987 and 1995, 3,934 students graduated from the University. During this period there was a
general increase of about 2% in its enrollment. On the other hand, during the same period, study
provisions in the University generally declined. The courses offered generally changed in all its
constituent colleges towards more job-oriented. It was observed that the opportunities of securing a job
by graduates declined over the years and the period of seeking employment had increased. Though
most of the study programmes in the University were practice-oriented, most graduates were employed
initially in jobs not linked to their training due to job scarcity. Many graduates only moved to jobs
related to their training later, resulting in high number of graduates who had changed employment.

Samson, Manejero, Nazario, and Flores (2011) conducted a tracer study to determine the
employment status of the ZSCMST graduates of the 10 major curricular programs from SY 2005 - 2010.
The study was able to trace 799 (67.09%) graduates out of the total 1,191 graduates. The greater
number of graduates traced in this study were the graduates of the Bachelor of Science in Marine
Technology (18.5%), followed by the Bachelor of Science in Food Technology (11.64%) and Diploma in
Hotel and Restaurant Management (10.64%). The study revealed that the BS Food Technology program
registered the highest employment rate (75.27%), the Diploma in Marine Electronics and
Communications Technology (68.97%), BSF-Fish Processing (67.57%), BS Marine Engineering (63.79%),
BSSE major in Physical Science (59.57%), and BS Marine Technology (56.08%).
Francisco (2006) conducted a tracer study among

the graduates of the Universidad de

Zamboanga from school years 2000 to 2005. She used the open-ended questions in gathering data from
the graduates. Interviews, email and face book and mailed letter were used to get data from the
respondents. The findings indicated that majority of the graduates of these school years were females,
married, Chavacano and Bisaya. About seventy-eight (78) out of three hundred twenty-one (321) or
24.30 percent of these graduates are employed. Forty-two (42) out of seventy-eight (78) or 53.85
percent are employed in private organizations, three (3) or 3.85 percent were working in the
government and the remaining 33 or 42.31 percent are self-employed. They owned a sari-sari stor and
jeepney drivers. Fifty-nine (59) or 75.64 percent had a monthly income of Ph 10,000.00 and below and
the others had higher that PH 10,000.00 monthly income.
Results also showed that employment is greatly influenced by the performance and capabilities
of the graduates. Problems encountered by the graduates during the search for jobs were: nonavailability of job opportunities commensurate to ones academic preparation, lack of prestige and
linkages of the College where they graduated, and job-education mismatch. Academic programs that

exhibited greater flexibility in fitting into various jobs available in the labor market were the ones
successful in having their graduate land a job.

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the research design, population and sampling procedure, research
instrument, validity and reliability of the research instrument, data gathering procedure and the
statistical treatment of data.

Research Design
This study adopted the descriptive-quantitative method of research. It dealt with quantitative
data and it attempted to describe the present status of the graduate students who finished their
masters degree in ZSCMST.
Hestketh and Laidlaw (2010) stress that quantitative research tends to focus on measurement
and proof. This research adopts a scientific approach. It is based on the premise that something is
meaningful only if it can be observed and counted. Its key characteristics are numerical data that
permits a range of statistical analysis.

Population and Sampling Procedure

The target population of the study were the graduates from school year 2007 2013 at the
Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and Technology Graduate School. Shown in Table 1, total
population of the study was 116 graduates. Using convenience sampling method, it obtained the sample
size of 99 or 85.34 percent out of 116 graduates.

Table 1
Population Distribution of Graduates by School Year
School year

Male

Female

Total

10

12

22

0
11

2010 2011

16

19

2011 2012

12

17

29

2012-2013

13

22

35

Total

41

75

116

2007 2008
2008 2009
2009 2010

% of n

Male

Female

Total

10

10

20

90.91

0
10

90.91

13

15

78.95

11

14

25

86.21

12

17

29

82.86

37

62

99

85.34

Research Instrument
The research instrument used in the study was the survey form with open-ended questions
designed to gather relevant information for the study. It was subjected to a validation process in order
to find out whether the open ended questions in the research instrument were suitable, relevant and
appropriate for the study.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers identified the graduates in the masters program from 2007 2013 of the
Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and Technology from the list of graduates in the Registrar
Office and the list available in the Graduate Office. After which, the addresses or other data that could

be used to contact the graduates were secured.

The researcher gathered data from the respondents through face-to-face interview, text
messaging, telephone and mobile cell phone interviews, e-mail, face book and other forms of social
interactive media. Other respondents also helped provide contact numbers/e-mail addresses of their
former classmates.

Statistical Treatment of Data

Frequency and percentage were used to determine the profile of the graduate students who
finished their masters degree from school years 2007-2008 to 2011 2013 in terms of gender, civil
status, age, ethnicity and sector connected in relation to their population.
Chi-Square Test was used to determine influence of the graduates profile to their employment
status. The same test was used to measure the contributions of the program completed to the status of
employment of respondents.

CHAPTER IV
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSES AND INTERPRETATION
This chapter presents, analyzes and interprets the data obtained from the graduates of
Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences Graduate School using open-ended questions. The
discussion and interpretation of the data were carried out according to the sequence of the problems
raised in the study.

Problem No. 1. What is the profile of the graduates of ZSCMST Graduate School from school year
2007-2013 in terms of:
1.1 Gender
1.2 Civil Status
1.3 Ethnicity
1.4 Age
1.5 Sector Connected
1.6 Program Completed

Table 2 shows the program completed, gender, civil status and age bracket of the
graduates. There were 99 respondents in the study of which 35 were Master of Arts in Home Economics
(MAHE) graduates, 16 Master in Maritime Management (MMM), 34 Master in Public Management
(MPM), 10 Master of Arts in Education major in Alternative Learning System (MAED ALS), 1 in Master of
Science in Marine Biology (MS MB), 1 Master of Science in Fisheries (MSF), 1 Master in Fisheries
Management (MFM) and 1 Master of Arts in Teaching English for Specific Purposes (MA TESP)
graduates. The highest numbers of graduates come from MAHE with 35 and MPM with 34. Of all the

respondents, 61 were females (61.62%) and 38 were males (38.38%). There were 11 single respondents
87 married and 1 separated. There were only three age bracket starting from 24 39, 40 55, and 56
above. Most of the respondents were ages 40-55 with a total of 58 graduates.

Table 2
Respondents Profile
Masters
Degree

Gender
Female Male

f
S

Civil Status
M
W

Age
Bracket

35

2439

34

4055

58

56Above
(not clear
if how
many per
bracket)

MAHE

31

35

28

Separat
ed
0

MMM

13

16

15

16

MPM

17

17

34

32

34

MS MAR
BIO

MAED
ALS

10

10

61

38

99

11

87

MSF
MFM
MAT ESP

99
Total

99
100

61.62

38.38

99

11.11 87.88

01.01

99

Table 3 shows the ethnicity of the respondents. The bulk of the respondents are Chavacano
with a total of 49 graduates or 49.49 percent followed by Bisaya with 28 graduates or 28.28 percent,
Tausog with nine, Tagalog with four, Sama and Ilongo with three each, Ilocano with two, and Bicolano
with one.

Table 3
Respondents Profile

Masters
Degree

Ethnicity
Ilocano Sama

Chavacano

Bisaya

Ilongo

MAHE

21

12

MMM

MPM

15

MS MAR BIO

MAED ALS

F
Tagalog

Bicolano

Tausog

37

16

32

10

MSF

MFM

MAT ESP

Total

49

28

99

49.49

28.28

2.02

3.03

4.04

1.01

9.09

91

3.03

Table 4 shows the sector the graduates are connected. From the government sector, the MAHE
group has the highest number with 32 graduates, 31 from MPM and 9 from MMM. From the private
sector, there are 7 from the MMM, two from the MAHE and 1 from MPM. There are only 3 who are selfemployed coming from the MAHE. From the 99 respondents 85 or 85.86 percent are connected in the
government, 11 or 11.11 percent are connected in the private sector and three or 3.03 percent are selfemployed.

Table 4
Respondents Profile

Masters Degree
Government
32

MAHE

Sector Connected
Private
2

Self-Employed
3

F
37

MMM

16

MPM

31

32

MS MAR BIO

MAED ALS

10

MSF

MFM

MAT ESP

Total

85

11

99

85.86

11.11

03.03

99

Problem No. 2. Is there a significant influence of the graduates profile to their employment status?
It can be seen in Table 5 the employment status of the graduates by gender. There were 40
females and 15 males or a total of 55 or 56% graduates who were promoted from their respective
position after obtaining their masters degree. Only 15 females and 20 males or a total of 35% graduates
were not promoted from their respective position and six females and three males or a total of 9 or 9%
graduates responded others which means that they either transferred to other agency for better
opportunity, just got employment or they are self-employed.
Table 5
Employment Status Responses and Gender of Graduates

Employment Status
After Graduation
Promoted

Female
40

Gender
Male
15

55

56%

Not Promoted

15

20

35

35%

Others

9%

Total

61

38

99

100%

Table 6 shows the computed Chi-square value of 8.1784 and the tabular value with 2 degrees of
freedom at .05 level of significance is 5.99. The computed value is greater than the tabular value, hence,
it is significant. This means that the responses of the female and male graduates differ with each other.
The null hypothesis is rejected. It implies that the promotion of the graduates is influenced by gender
and it is dominated by the female graduates.
Table 6
Expected and Observed Frequency of Female and Male Graduates

O
E
40
33.89
15
21.57
6
5.55
15
21.11
20
13.43
3
3.45
Total
99
99
Computed Chi-square Value
Tabular value at .05 level of significant with 2df

(O - E)
6.11
-6.57
0.45
-6.11
6.57
-0.45
0

(O - E)2
37.33
43.16
00.20
37.33
43.16
00.20

(O - E)2/E
1.1015
2.0009
0.0360
1.7684
3.2137
0.0579
8.1784
8.1784
5.99

Table 7 shows the employment status after graduation by civil status of the respondents. There
were 51 married and five single or a total of 56 (56.57%) graduates who get promoted from their

respective positions. Only 23 married respondents and eight single respondents or a total of 31 (31.31%)
graduates who did not get promoted from their positions. Eleven married and one single or a total of 12
(12.12%) graduates categorized as others either transferred for a greener opportunity, just got
employed, or are self- employed.
Table 7
Employment Status Responses by Civil Status of Graduates
Employment Status
Responses
Yes

Civil Status

Married
51

Single
5

56

56.57

No

23

31

31.31

Others

11

12

12.12

Total

85

14

99

100

Table 8 shows the computed Chi-Square value of 5.0646 and the tabular value with 2 degrees
of freedom at .05 level of significance is 5.99. The computed value is less than the tabular value; hence, it
is not significant. This means that the responses of the married and single graduates do not differ with
each other. The null hypothesis is accepted that the civil status does not influence significantly to the
status of employment of graduates such as position and promotion. It implies that the civil status of the
graduates does not influence significantly to the employment status.

Table 8
Expected and Observed Frequency of Married and Single Graduates

O
51
23
11
5
8

E
48.0808
26.6162
10.3030
7.9192
4.3838

(O - E)
2.9192
-3.6162
0.6970
-2.9192
3.6162

(O - E)2
8.52
13.08
0.49
8.52
13.08

(O - E)2/E
0.1772
0.4914
0.0476
1.0759
2.9837

1
1.6969
Total
99
99
Computed Chi-square Value
Tabular value at .05 level of significant with 2df

-0.6970
0

0.49

0.2888
5.0646
5.0646
5.99

It can be seen in Table 9 the employment status of graduates by ethnicity. There were only
three major divisions of ethnicity being considered: the Chavacano, Bisaya and the combined group of
Tausog, Sama and others considering that they constitute only minority of the graduates. There were 33
Chavacano, 13 Bisaya, and 10 combined Tausog, Sama, and other groups who got promoted after
obtaining their masteral degree. Thirteen (13) Chavacano, 10 Bisaya and 10 others (Tausog, Sama, and
other group) who were not promoted from their positions. Only four Chavacano, one Bisaya and three
Tausog, Sama, or other groups either transferred work for better opportunity, just got employed or are
self employed.

Table 9
Employment Status Responses and Ethnicity of Graduates
Employment Status
Promoted

Chavacano
33

No Promotion

13

Others
Total

Ethnicity
Bisaya
13

F
Tausog/Sama/Others
10

56

10

10

35

50

26

23

99

Table10 shows the computed Chi-square value of 5.3717 and the tabular value with 4 degrees
of freedom at .05 level of significant is 9.49. The computed value is less than the tabular value, hence, it is
not significant. This means that the responses of the graduates in terms of ethnicity do not differ with
each other. The null hypothesis is accepted that the profile as to ethnicity does not influence significantly

to the status of employment of graduates such as position and promotion. It implies that the promotion
of the graduates is not influenced by ethnicity. This implies further that localization is far beyond reality.

Table 10
Expected and Observed Frequency of the Ethnicity of Graduates

33
28.2808
13
17.6768
4
4.0404
13
14.7071
12
9.1919
1
2.1010
10
13.0101
10
8.1313
3
1.8586
Total
99
99
Computed Chi-square Value
Tabular value at .05 level of significant with 4df

(O - E)

(O - E)2

(O - E)2/E

4.7172
-4.6768
-0.0404
-1.7172
2.8081
-1.1010
-3.0101
1.8687
1.1414
0

22.2520
21.8725
0.0016
2.9142
7.8854
1.2122
9.0607
3.4920
1.3028

0.6743
1.2374
0.0003
0.1981
0.8579
0.5770
0.6964
0.4294
0.7009
5.3717
5.3717
9.49

Table 11 shows the employment status of graduates in terms of sector connected. There were
85 or 85.90% graduates who are connected in the government or public sector, 11 or 11.10% work in
the private sector and three or 3% are self-employed. This implies that most of the graduates are
connected in the government sector considering that most of the students work in the secondary and
elementary levels in the Department of Education.

Table 11
Employment Status Responses and Sector Connected of Graduates
Sector Connected

Public Sector

85

85.90

Private Sector

11

11.10

Self-employed/Others

3.00

Total

99

100

Table 12 shows the computed Chi-square value of 38.2722 and the tabular value with 4 degrees
of freedom at .05 level of significance is 9.49. The computed value is greater than the tabular value;
hence, it is significant. This means that the responses of the graduates in terms of sector connected
differ significantly with each other. The null hypothesis is rejected, that means the profile as to sector
connected influenced significantly to the status of employment of graduates such as position and
promotion. It implies that the promotion of the graduates who are connected in the government is much
faster compared to those who are connected in the private sector. It implies further that promotions of
the graduates are really sectoral in nature.
Table 12
Expected and Observed Frequency and Sector Connected of Graduates
O
E
53
49.7980
29
28.3333
3
6.8687
5
6.4444
4
3.6667
2
0.8889
0
1.7576
0
1.0000
3
0.2424
Total
99
99
Computed Chi-square Value
Tabular value at .05 level of significant with 4df

(O - E)
3.202
0.6667
-38687
-1.4444
0.3333
1.1111
-7.7576
-1.0000
2.7576
0

(O - E)2
10.2528
0.4445
14.9668
0.2863
0.1111
1.2345
3.0892
1.0000
7.6044

(O - E)2/E
0.2059
0.0157
2.1790
0.3237
0.0303
1.1388
1.7576
1.0000
31.3711
38.2722
38.2722
9.49

The employment status according to age of graduates is shown in Table 13. The age brackets are
mostly from 24 39, 40 55 and 56 above. There was a total of 56 respondents who got promotion
after their masters degree, 35 for no promotion and only eight for others. Of all the three (3)
brackets; ages 40 55 dominated in obtaining promotion. This implies that more promotion occur when

they were at the age between 40 55 years old. But, such promotion is not significant considering that
it lies only on one age bracket. This is validated in Table 14.

Table 13
Employment Status According to Age of Graduates

Employment Status

Age by Bracket
40 55
37

Promoted

24 39
16

56 Above
3

56

No Promotion

14

16

35

Others

Total

34

57

99

Table 14 shows the computed Chi-square value of 5.9056 and the tabular value with 4 degrees
of freedom at .05 level of significance is 9.49. The computed value is less than the tabular value; hence, it
is not significant. This means that the responses of the graduates in terms of age do not differ
significantly with each other. The null hypothesis is accepted that the profile as to age does not influence
significantly to the status of employment of graduates such as position and promotion.

Table 14
Expected and Observed Frequency and Age of Graduates

O
16
14
4
37

E
19.2323
12.0202
2.7475
32.2424

(O - E)
-3.2323
1.9798
1.2525
4.7576

(O - E)2
10.4478
3.9196
1.5688
22.6348

(O - E)2/E
0.5432
0.3261
0.5710
0.7020

16
20.1515
4
4.6061
3
4.5252
5
2.8283
0
0.6465
Total
99
99
Computed Chi-square Value
Tabular value at .05 level of significant with 4df

-4.1515
-0.6061
-1.5252
2.1717
-0.6465
0

17.2350
0.3674
2.3262
4.7163
0.4180

0.8553
0.0798
0.5141
1.6675
0.6466
5.9056
5.9056
9.49

Problem No. 3. Is there a significant contribution of the graduates masteral degree to their
employment status?
Table 15 shows the employment status according to masters degree earned of graduates. Four
major masters degree programs are included in this table. These masters degree programs have
graduates with more than three. The masters degree program with less graduates were merged
together under others. There were 22 MAHE, 20 MPM, six (6) MMM, seven (7) MAED ALS and one (1)
under others for graduate from other program who received promotion after obtaining the degree.
Nine (9) MAHE, 12 MPA, eight (8) MMM, three (3) MAED ALS and three (3) from other programs got no
promotion after completing masters degree. Four (4) MAHE, two (2) MPM and two (2) MMM
responded for others which means they get other job opportunities outside as part-timers or
consultants or they are self-employed on or fresh graduates because of their masters degree earned .
The masters degree in MAHE has the highest number of graduates followed by MPA then MMM and
MAED ALS. The total number of graduates who answered yes were 56, the graduates that answered
no is only 35 and for others only 8. This implies that the masters degree they earned contributed to
the employment status of the graduates to some extent. This is validated in table 16.
Table 15
Employment Status and Masters Degree Earned of Graduates

Employment Status
MAHE

Masters Degree Earned

MPA
MMM
MAED ALS

F
OTHERS

With Promotion
No Promotion
Others

22
9
4

20
12
2

6
8
2

7
3
0

1
3
0

56
35
8

TOTAL

35

34

16

10

99

Table 16 shows the computed Chi-square value of 8.2770 and the tabular value with 8 degrees
of freedom at .05 level of significance is 15.51. The computed value is less than the tabular value; hence,
it is not significant. This means that the responses of the graduates in terms of Masters Degree earned
do not differ significantly with each other. The null hypothesis is accepted that the Masters Degree
earned by the graduates does not contribute significantly to the status of employment. It implies that the
degree earned by the graduates contributed to their promotion to some extent but not significant
because majority of the Master in Maritime Management graduates were not promoted as shown in
Table 15.

Table 16
Expected and Observed Frequency and Masters Degree Earned of Graduates

O
22
9
4
20
12
2
6
8
2
7
3
0
1
3

E
19.7980
12.3737
2.8283
19.2323
12.0202
2.7474
9.0505
5.6566
1.2929
5.6566
3.5354
0.8081
2.2626
1.4141

(O - E)
2.2020
-3.3737
1.1717
0.7677
-0.0202
-0.7474
-3.0505
2.3434
0.7071
1.3434
-0.5354
-0.8081
-1.2626
1.5858

(O - E)2
4.8488
11.3818
1.3729
0.5894
0.0004
0.5586
9.3056
5.4915
0.4910
1.8047
0.2866
0.6530
1.5942
2.5148

(O - E)2/E
0.2449
0.9198
0.4854
0.0306
0.0000
0.2033
1.0282
0.9708
0.3798
0.3190
0.0811
0.8081
0.7046
1.7784

0
0.3232
Total
99
99
Computed Chi-square Value
Tabular value at .05 level of significant with 8df

-0.3232
0

0.1044

0.3230
8.2770
8.2770
15.51

Shown in Table 17 is the Summary of the Chi-Square test. There are two indicators whose
computed chi-square values are greater than the tabular value, hence, it is significant. These indicators
are the gender and sector connected. All other indicators are not significant but the difference between
the computed chi-square value and the tabular value is just small indication that the observed and
expected frequencies are very close to each other.

Table 17
Summary Table of the Chi-Square Test on the Employment Status of Graduates of ZSCMST
Graduate School
Indicators
Profile of Graduate
a. Gender
b. Civil Status
c. Ethnicity
d. Sector Connected
e. Age
f. Degree Obtained

Computed ChiSquare Value

Df

Tabular
Value

Interpretation

8.1748
5.0646
5.3717
38.2722
5.2056
8.2770

2
2
4
4
4
8

5.99
5.99
9.49
9.49
9.49
15.51

Significant
Not Significant
Not Significant
Significant
Not Significant
Not Significant

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings

The findings indicated that:

1. (a) There were 99 respondents in the study of which 35 were Master of Arts in Home Economics
(MAHE) graduates, 16 Master in Maritime Management (MMM), 34 Master in Public
Management (MPM), 10 Master of Arts in Education major in Alternative Learning System
(MAED ALS), 1 in Master of Science in Marine Biology (MS MB), 1 Master of Science in Fisheries
(MSF), 1 Master in Fisheries Management (MFM) and 1 Master of Arts in Teaching English for
Specific Purposes (MA TESP) graduates. The highest number of graduates come from MAHE with
35 and MPM with 34.
(b) Sixty-one were female or 61.62 percent and 38 were male or 38.38 percent.
(c) Eleven of the respondents were single, 87 were married and 1 was separated.
(d) There were three age brackets starting from 24 39, 40 55, and 56 above. The highest
number comes from age bracket 40 55 with 58 graduates.
(e) The bulk of the respondents were Chavacano with a total of 49 graduates or 49.49 percent
followed by Bisaya with 28 graduates or 28.28 percent, Tausog with nine, Tagalog with four,
Sama and Ilongo with three each, Ilocano with two, and Bicolano with one.
(f) Of the 99 respondents, 85 graduates or 85.86 percent are connected in the public sector, 11
or 11.11 percent are connected in the private sector and three or 3.03 percent are selfemployed.
2. (a) There were 40 females and 15 males or a total of 55 or 56% graduates who were promoted
from their respective position after obtaining their masters degree. Only 15 females and 20
males or a total of 35% graduates were not promoted from their respective position and six
females and three males or a total of 9 or 9% graduates responded others which means that
they either transferred to other agency for better opportunity, just got employment or they are

self-employed. The promotion of the graduates is influenced by gender and it is dominated by

the female graduates.
(b) There were 51 married and five single or a total of 56 (56.57%) graduates who get promoted
from their respective positions. Only 23 married respondents and eight single respondents or a
total of 31 (31.31%) graduates who did not get promoted from their positions. Eleven married
and one single or a total of 12 (12.12%) graduates categorized as others either transferred for
a greener opportunity, just got employed, or are self- employed. The civil status did not
influence significantly to the status of employment of graduates such as position and promotion.
(c) There were only three major divisions of ethnicity being considered: the Chavacano, Bisaya
and the combined group of Tausog, Sama and others considering that they constitute only
minority of the graduates. There were 33 Chavacano, 13 Bisaya, and 10 combined Tausog, Sama,
and other groups who got promoted after obtaining their masteral degree. Thirteen (13)
Chavacano, 10 Bisaya and 10 others (Tausog, Sama, and other group) who were not promoted
from their positions. Only four Chavacano, one Bisaya and three Tausog, Sama, or other groups
either transferred work for better opportunity, just got employed or are self employed. Ethnicity
did not influence significantly to the status of employment of graduates such as position and
promotion. It implies that the promotion of the graduates is not influenced by ethnicity. This
implies further that localization is far beyond reality.
(d) There were 85 or 85.90% graduates who are connected in the government or public sector,
11 or 11.10% work in the private sector and three or 3% are self-employed. This implies that
most of the graduates are connected in the government sector considering that most of the
students work in the secondary and elementary levels in the Department of Education.

The profile as to sector connected influenced significantly to the status of employment of

graduates such as position and promotion.
(e) The age brackets are mostly from 24 39, 40 55 and 56 above. Of the three (3) brackets,
ages 40 55 dominated in obtaining promotion. This implies that more promotion occur when
they were at the age between 40 55 years old. But, such promotion is not significant
considering that it lies only on one age bracket. Age does not influence significantly to the status
of employment of graduates such as position and promotion.
3. (a) There were 22 MAHE, 20 MPM, six MMM, seven MAED ALS and one graduates from other
program who received promotion after obtaining the masteral degree. Nine (9) MAHE, 12 MPA,
eight (8) MMM, three (3) MAED ALS and three (3) from other programs got no promotion after
completing masters degree. Four (4) MAHE, two (2) MPM and two (2) MMM responded for
others which means they get other job opportunities outside as part-timers or consultants.
The graduates who received promotion were 56, no promotion were 35 and only 8 for others.
The masters degree earned by the graduates contributed to their promotion to some extent,
but not significant because majority of the Master in Maritime Management graduates were not
promoted.

Conclusions
1. The masters degree graduates are generally from the MAHE and MPM programs, female,
married, ages 40 55, Chavacano and are connected in the government.
2. The promotion of the graduates is influenced by gender and it is dominated by the female
graduates; the civil status did not influence significantly to the status of employment of
graduates such as position and promotion; ethnicity did not influence significantly to the status
of employment of graduates such as position and promotion; sector connected influenced
significantly to the status of employment of graduates such as position and promotion; and age
does not influence significantly to the status of employment of graduates such as position and
promotion.
3. The masters degree earned by the graduates contributed to their promotion to some extent,
but not significant because majority of the Master in Maritime Management graduates were not
promoted.

Recommendations:
1. The Graduate School should develop a scheme in encouraging more professionals to enroll
in the various programs. They should also convince professionals from the private sectors
and other ethnic groups to attend graduate studies.
2. A similar study should be conducted using other personal-related variables to predict status
of employment of graduates in terms of promotion, job performance, position and salary.

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