EXAM FORM A KEY

PSC 001 (2) - Spring 2012; Midterm 2

May 2, 2012

INSTRUCTIONS: There are 35 questions on this exam. Please choose the best answer to each question. Write your name,
and student ID number, and the exam form on the Scantron. Please turn in your Scantron and your paper copy of the exam
after you finish. You have 50 minutes to complete your exam. GOOD LUCK!

1. Watson and Rayner made a loud noise behind Little Alberts head by striking a steel bar with a hammer and
watched as Albert jumped and fell sideways on the mattress on which he was sitting. Alberts reaction of fear,
when he heard the noise, served as the _______________ in their study.
a.
conditioned response
b.
latent response
c.
counterconditioned response
d.
unconditioned response

2. After Barry learns to fear spiders, he also responds with fear to ants and beetles. This is an example of:
a.
stimulus generalization.
b.
counterconditioning.
c.
spontaneous recovery.
d.
operant conditioning.

3. When we say that biological rhythms are endogenous, we mean that:

a.
they are generated by an internal biological clock.
b.
they are influenced by our environment.
c.
they are produced by our hearts rhythm.
d.
they are determined by an individuals experience and therefore vary from person to person.

4. In classical conditioning, the responses involved tend to be _______________, but in operant conditioning
they are _______________.
a.
complex and not reflexive; reflexive
b.
emitted; automatic
c.
reflexive; complex and not reflexive
d.
secondary reinforcers; primary reinforcers

5. In an experiment at a daycare center, a young man read a story to preschoolers and gave them a treat. A week
later, an experimenter asked the children in Group 1 leading questions about aggressive acts that never occurred
(Did he throw a crayon at a child?). She asked the children in Group 2 leading questions but also used influence
techniques. The results showed that:
a.
6-year-olds in Group 2 said Yes, it happened to 15 percent of the allegations suggested to them.
b.
3-year-olds in Group 1 said, No, it didnt happen to all the allegations.
c.
3-year-olds in Group 2 said Yes to over 80 percent of the allegations suggested to them.
d.
there were no significant differences in the responses of children in Group 1 and Group 2.

6. According to Sir Frederic Bartlett:

a.
memory is like a video camera recording an entire experience.
b.
memory is largely a reconstructive process, like putting together a puzzle when you are missing
some pieces.
c.
memory for complex information is generally reproduced by rote.
d.
emotional memories are especially vivid and detailed.

7. At her schools talent show, Nora answers questions about world geography while spinning basketballs on her
fingers. Answering the questions requires mostly _____________ memory, whereas spinning the balls requires
mostly ______________ memory.
a.
implicit; procedural
b.
declarative; procedural
c.
procedural; declarative
d.
implicit; declarative

8. Chad remembers the feeling of excitement in his house when his mother stepped through the door with his
new baby sister. He can still picture the tiny little baby with a stocking cap on her head! His parents cant
convince him that he actually stayed with his grandparents for two weeks after his sister was born and that his
memory never happened! Chads memory is an example of:
a.
childhood amnesia.
b.
confabulation.
c.
psychogenic amnesia.
d.
source misattribution.

9. Bulldog Jones was recently traded to a new football team. He is struggling to remember the plays for his new
team because he keeps mixing them up with the plays from his previous team. Bulldogs problem is due to:
a.
source misattribution.
b.
retroactive interference.
c.
ineffective retrieval cues.
d.
proactive interference.

10. The structure that serves as our biological clock is:

a.
b.
c.
d.

the cerebellum.
the pituitary gland.
the pineal gland.
the suprachiasmatic nucleus.

11. After paying a $500 fine, Jim is careful not to park in the space reserved for handicapped drivers. The loss
of money is a:
a.
positive punisher.
b.
negative punisher.
c.
negative reinforcer.
d.
positive reinforcer.

12. _______________ plays a critical role in the formation of long-term declarative memories.
a.
The frontal lobe
b.
The hippocampus
c
The cerebellum
d.
The amygdala

13. After watching her teenage sister put on lipstick, a little girl applies some to her own lips. The little sister
acquired this behavior through:
a.
classical conditioning.
b.
observational learning.
c.
operant conditioning.
d.
stimulus generalization.

14. Mitch emphatically states that he never dreams. If Mitch spent the night in a sleep laboratory, it would be
most likely that:
a.
Mitch would report a dream if awakened during a period of rapid, irregular brain activity.
b.
instead of dreaming, Mitch would engage in sleepwalking during REM sleep.
c.
Mitchs sleep cycle would include four stages of non-REM sleep but no stage of REM sleep.
d.
Mitchs electroencephalogram would show only slow, rolling eye movements.

15. Psychoactive drugs are:

a.
b.
c.
d.

drugs that speed up activity in the central nervous system.

drugs capable of influencing perception, mood, cognition, or behavior.
drugs that slow down activity in the central nervous system.
drugs derived from the opium poppy which relieve pain and produce euphoria.

16. This part of the brain is involved with the formation and consolidation of fear and other emotional
memories.
a.
hippocampus
b.
amygdala
c.
fornix
d.
cerebral cortex

17. The DRM demonstrated during lecture is an example of:

a.
deep processing encoding
b.
a method for testing false memories
c.
a technique used to test recognition memory
d.
a mnemonic

18. Sigmund Freud would agree with all of the following EXCEPT:
a.
dreams are the royal road into the unconscious.
b.
every dream is meaningful, no matter how absurd the images seem.
c.
the key to analyzing a dream will be found in the manifest content.
d.
not everything in a dream is symbolic.

19. Which of the following is true about hypnosis?

a.
The likelihood of being hypnotized depends on the skill of the hypnotist.
b.
Hypnotized people cannot be forced to do something against their will.
c.
Hypnosis increases the accuracy of memory.
d.
A hypnotized person can do things that they could not do otherwise.

20. As she watches her granddaughters dance recital, Patty perceives two separate groups of dancers. Her
granddaughters group wore bright turquoise costumes with gold accents and the other group wore bright gold
costumes with turquoise accents. Patty perceived the girls as belonging to two different groups due to the
Gestalt principle of:
a.
b.
c.
d.

proximity.
continuity.
similarity.
closure.

21. Margeaux is introduced to the following people when she arrives at the party:
Derek, Kayla, Calvin, Debbie, Rose, Melanie, Garrett, Tom, Francis, Jane, and Vincent.
According to the serial-position effect, it will be most difficult to remember the names of:
a.
Derek, Kayla, Jane, and Vincent
b.
Tom, Francis, Jane, and Vincent
c.
Derek, Kayla, Melanie, and Garrett
d.
Debbie, Rose, Melanie, and Garrett

22. Which of the following is a binocular cue to depth?

a.
interposition
b.
relative height
c.
retinal disparity
d.
linear perspective

23. In his dream, Andy is an infant crawling through a dark tunnel looking for something he has lost. Which
theory would be most receptive to an explanation that while Andy was sleeping, neurons in his pons that
stimulate leg-muscle movement were active?
a.
psychoanalytic
b.
problem-focused
c.
cognitive approach
d.
activation-synthesis theory

24. In addition to a subjects sensory capacity, signal detection theory takes into account:
a.
the tendency for the subjects performance to worsen over time.
b.
the tendency for the subjects performance to improve over time.
c.
the subjects response bias.
d.
the amount of practice a subject has had.

25. Higher-order conditioning involves using an already established _______________ to establish a new
conditioned stimulus.
a.
unconditioned stimulus
b.
unconditioned response
c.
conditioned stimulus
d.
conditioned response

26. For over a month, Ruth studies every night for four hours in order to do well in her college courses.
However, she is beginning to feel left out of things because she is losing so much fun time with her friends.
Ruth then reduces her night studying time, thus illustrating the influence of:
a.
positive punishment.
b.
negative punishment.
c.
positive reinforcement.
d.
negative reinforcement.

27. Which of the following would be among Pattys semantic memories?

a.
knowing that her wedding gown had a train
b.
knowing that her four siblings were members of the wedding party
c.
knowing that Joe proposed to her just after midnight on an April evening
d.
knowing that it is appropriate to stand when the bride walks down the aisle

28. Miranda notices that her cat scurries into the kitchen as soon as she starts opening a can of cat food with an
electric can opener. In this example, the ________________ is the unconditioned stimulus.
a.
cat food
b.
sound of the electric can opener
c.
dish that Miranda puts the food in
d.
cat scurrying into the kitchen

29. This form of memory holds and operates on information that has been retrieved from long-term memory for
temporary use.
a.
serial position memory
b.
working memory
c.
tool-box memory
d.
episodic memory

30. Which approach to dreaming suggests that our dreams are simply a modification of the thinking that occurs
when we are awake?
a.
the problem-focused approach
b.
the psychoanalytic approach
c.
the cognitive approach
d.
the activation-synthesis approach

31. Reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior is a procedure called:

a.
chaining.
b.
shaping.
c.
higher-order conditioning.
d.
training.

32. James has been sleeping for about 90 minutes when his brain shows rapid, irregular waves. His blood
pressure rises, his heart rate increases, and his skeletal muscles go limp. Which of the following is the most
likely conclusion?
a.
James is chronically sleep deprived and his sleep, like his daytime activities, is abnormal.
b.
James is experiencing physiological changes that are normal for the third stage of sleep.
c.
James is experiencing unusual sleep because earlier he engaged in strenuous physical activities.
d.
James is experiencing physiological changes that are normal during paradoxical sleep.

33. Which of the following is a depressant?

a.
nicotine
b.
barbiturates
c.
heroin
d.
mescaline

34. Kevin watches as his wife Denise walks toward the house. Even though the retinal image of Denise grows
larger as Denise approaches, she does not appear to be growing larger as she moves closer and closer to Kevin.
This illustrates:
a.
relative size.
b.
size constancy.
c.
retinal disparity.
d.
linear perspective.

35. Arthur switches on an aquarium light just before feeding his fish, and the fish always swim to the top as
soon as it comes on. Curious, he decides to go a week without turning on the light at feeding time, and then see
if the fish still respond to the light by swimming to the top. Arthur is trying to see if _______________ will
occur.
a.
instinctive drift
b.
extinction
c.
counterconditioning
d.
discrimination