Vector Processing HVDC Transmission

Name : Daniel Goh Yuen Sin

Student ID : 013372

Task 1.
-Matlab script
clc
clear all
rho
A =
B =
C =
E =
L =
P =

= 16.8e-9;
36000;
400;
15;
12e6;
300000;
3.4e8;

%The resistivity of copper

%The cost per unit volume of the copper
%The cost per unit volume of the polythene insulation
%The equivalent lifetime cost of power loss in the cable
%Max. allowable electric field strength in the insulation
%The length of the transmission
%The power to be transmitted

disp ('Case 1')

V = 10000
%The potential of the conductor (at "sending" end)
R_1 = 0.4
%The outer radius of the copper conductor
X = min(1 , (P/(pi*R_1^2*V))*sqrt(C*rho/A))
%Conductor Solidity Ratio
beta= sqrt (1-X) %The ratio of R_0/R_1
I = P/V
%The current passing through the conductor
Q = (rho*L/(pi*R_1^2*X))*(I^2)
%The power loss in the cable
delta = Q/P
%The ration of power loss to power transmitted
R_0 = beta*R_1
%The inner radius of the copper conductor
R_2 = R_1*exp (V/(E*R_1))
%The outer radius of insulation
T = L*(A*pi*R_1^2*X + (B*pi*R_1^2)*(exp((2*V)/(E*R_1))-1) + (C*rho*I^2)/
(pi*R_1^2*X))
disp ('Case 2')
V = 50000
%The potential of the conductor (at "sending" end)
R_1 = 0.3
%The outer radius of the copper conductor
X = min(1 , (P/(pi*R_1^2*V))*sqrt(C*rho/A))
%Conductor Solidity Ratio
beta= sqrt (1-X) %The ratio of R_0/R_1
I = P/V
%The current passing through the conductor
Q = (rho*L/(pi*R_1^2*X))*(I^2)
%The power loss in the cable
delta = Q/P
%The ration of power loss to power transmitted
R_0 = beta*R_1
%The inner radius of the copper conductor
R_2 = R_1*exp (V/(E*R_1))
%The outer radius of insulation
T = L*(A*pi*R_1^2*X + (B*pi*R_1^2)*(exp((2*V)/(E*R_1))-1) + (C*rho*I^2)/
(pi*R_1^2*X))

disp ('Case 3')

V = 250000
%The potential of the conductor (at "sending" end)
R_1 = 0.2
%The outer radius of the copper conductor
X = min(1 , (P/(pi*R_1^2*V))*sqrt(C*rho/A))
%Conductor Solidity Ratio
beta= sqrt (1-X) %The ratio of R_0/R_1
I = P/V
%The current passing through the conductor
Q = (rho*L/(pi*R_1^2*X))*(I^2)
%The power loss in the cable
delta = Q/P
%The ration of power loss to power transmitted
R_0 = beta*R_1
%The inner radius of the copper conductor
R_2 = R_1*exp (V/(E*R_1))
%The outer radius of insulation
T = L*(A*pi*R_1^2*X + (B*pi*R_1^2)*(exp((2*V)/(E*R_1))-1) + (C*rho*I^2)/
(pi*R_1^2*X))
disp ('Case 4')
V = 1500000
%The potential of the conductor (at "sending" end)
R_1 = 0.1
%The outer radius of the copper conductor
X = min(1 , (P/(pi*R_1^2*V))*sqrt(C*rho/A))
%Conductor Solidity Ratio
beta= sqrt (1-X) %The ratio of R_0/R_1
I = P/V
%The current passing through the conductor
Q = (rho*L/(pi*R_1^2*X))*(I^2)
%The power loss in the cable
delta = Q/P
%The ration of power loss to power transmitted
R_0 = beta*R_1
%The inner radius of the copper conductor
R_2 = R_1*exp (V/(E*R_1))
%The outer radius of insulation
T = L*(A*pi*R_1^2*X + (B*pi*R_1^2)*(exp((2*V)/(E*R_1))-1) + (C*rho*I^2)/
(pi*R_1^2*X))

-Answer
Case 1
V = 10000
R_1 = 0.4000
X = 0.1790
beta = 0.9061
I = 34000
Q = 6.4768e+07
delta = 0.1905
R_0 = 0.3624
R_2 = 0.4008
T = 1.9433e+09
Case 2
V = 50000

R_1 = 0.3000
X = 0.0636
beta = 0.9677
I = 6800
Q = 1.2954e+07
delta = 0.0381
R_0 = 0.2903
R_2 = 0.3042
T = 3.8956e+08
Case 3
V = 250000
R_1 = 0.2000
X = 0.0286
beta = 0.9856
I = 1360
Q = 2.5907e+06
delta = 0.0076
R_0 = 0.1971
R_2 = 0.2220
T = 8.1214e+07
Case 4
V = 1500000
R_1 = 0.1000
X = 0.0191
beta = 0.9904
I = 226.6667
Q = 4.3179e+05
delta = 0.0013
R_0 = 0.0990
R_2 = 0.3490
T = 5.5111e+07

Task 2.
-Matlab script
clc;
clear all;
rho = 16.8e-9;
A = 36000;
B = 400;
C = 15;
E = 12e6;
L = 300000;
P = 3.4e8;

%The resistivity of copper

%The cost per unit volume of the copper
%The cost per unit volume of the polythene insulation
%The equivalent lifetime cost of power loss in the cable
%Max. allowable electric field strength in the insulation
%The length of the transmission
%The power to be transmitted

e = ones(121,1);
i = (1:101);
V_t = 1000*10.^((i-1)/20);
V_arr = e * V_t;
f = ones(1,101);
j = transpose(1:121);
R_t = 0.01*10.^((j-1)./50);
R1_arr = R_t * f;
I_arr = P./V_arr;
R2_arr = R1_arr.* exp(V_arr./(E.*R1_arr));
V_arr = V_arr(1:4 ,
R1_arr = R1_arr(1:4
I_arr = I_arr(1:4 ,
R2_arr = R2_arr(1:4

1:4)
, 1:4)
1:4)
, 1:4)

-Answer
V_arr =
1.0e+03 *
1.0000

1.1220

1.2589

1.4125

1.0000

1.1220

1.2589

1.4125

1.0000

1.1220

1.2589

1.4125

1.0000

1.1220

1.2589

1.4125

R1_arr =
0.0100

0.0100

0.0100

0.0100

0.0105

0.0105

0.0105

0.0105

0.0110

0.0110

0.0110

0.0110

0.0115

0.0115

0.0115

0.0115

3.4000

3.0303

2.7007

2.4070

3.4000

3.0303

2.7007

2.4070

3.4000

3.0303

2.7007

2.4070

3.4000

3.0303

2.7007

2.4070

0.0101

0.0101

0.0101

0.0101

0.0106

0.0106

0.0106

0.0106

0.0110

0.0111

0.0111

I_arr =
1.0e+05 *

R2_arr =

0.0116

0.0116

0.0116

0.0111
0.0116

Task 3.
-Matlab script
clc;
clear all;
rho = 16.8e-9;
A = 36000;
B = 400;
C = 15;
E = 12e6;
L = 300000;
P = 3.4e8;

%The resistivity of copper

%The cost per unit volume of the copper
%The cost per unit volume of the polythene insulation
%The equivalent lifetime cost of power loss in the cable
%Max. allowable electric field strength in the insulation
%The length of the transmission
%The power to be transmitted

e = ones(121,1);
i = (1:101);
V_t = 1000*10.^((i-1)/20);
V_arr = e * V_t;
f = ones(1,101);
j = transpose(1:121);
R_t = 0.01*10.^((j-1)./50);
R1_arr = R_t * f;
I_arr = P./V_arr;
R2_arr = R1_arr.* exp(V_arr./(E.*R1_arr));
Xlim_arr = (P./(pi.*(R1_arr.^2).*V_arr)) .* sqrt(C*rho/A);
X_arr = min (1, Xlim_arr) ;
Beta_arr = sqrt(1-X_arr);
Xlim_arr = Xlim_arr (1:4,1:4)
X_arr = X_arr (1:4,1:4)
Beta_arr = Beta_arr (1:4,1:4)

-Answer
Xlim_arr =
1.0e+03 *
2.8634

2.5520

2.2745

2.0271

2.6114

2.3274

2.0743

1.8487

2.3817

2.1226

1.8918

1.6861

2.1721

1.9359

1.7254

1.5377

X_arr =

Beta_arr =
0

Task 4.
-Matlab script
clc;
clear all;
rho = 16.8e-9;
A = 36000;
B = 400;
C = 15;
E = 12e6;
L = 300000;
P = 3.4e8;

%The resistivity of copper

%The cost per unit volume of the copper
%The cost per unit volume of the polythene insulation
%The equivalent lifetime cost of power loss in the cable
%Max. allowable electric field strength in the insulation
%The length of the transmission
%The power to be transmitted

e = ones(121,1);
i = (1:101);
V_t = 1000*10.^((i-1)/20);
V_arr = e * V_t;
f = ones(1,101);
j = transpose(1:121);
R_t = 0.01*10.^((j-1)./50);
R1_arr = R_t * f;
I_arr = P./V_arr;
R2_arr = R1_arr.* exp(V_arr./(E.*R1_arr));

Xlim_arr = (P./(pi.*(R1_arr.^2).*V_arr)) .* sqrt(C*rho/A);

X_arr = min (1, Xlim_arr) ;

Beta_arr = sqrt(1-X_arr);
Q_arr = ((rho*L)./(pi.*R1_arr.^2.*X_arr)).*(I_arr.^2);
T_arr = L.*((A*pi*R1_arr.^2.*X_arr) + (B.*pi.*R1_arr.^2).*(exp((2.*V_arr)./
(E.*R1_arr))-1) + (C.*rho.*I_arr.^2)./(pi.*R1_arr.^2.*X_arr));
Q_arr = Q_arr (1:4,1:4)
T_arr = T_arr (1:4,1:4)

-Answer
Q_arr =
1.0e+12 *
1.8545

1.4731

1.1701

0.9295

1.6914

1.3435

1.0672

0.8477

1.5425

1.2253

0.9733

0.7731

1.4068

1.1175

0.8876

0.7051

2.7818

2.2097

1.7552

1.3942

2.5371

2.0153

1.6008

1.2715

2.3138

1.8379

1.4599

1.1597

2.1102

1.6762

1.3315

1.0576

T_arr =
1.0e+13 *

Task 5.
-Matlab script

clc;
clear all;
rho = 16.8e-9;
A = 36000;
B = 400;
C = 15;
E = 12e6;
L = 300000;
P = 3.4e8;

%The resistivity of copper

%The cost per unit volume of the copper
%The cost per unit volume of the polythene insulation
%The equivalent lifetime cost of power loss in the cable
%Max. allowable electric field strength in the insulation
%The length of the transmission
%The power to be transmitted

e = ones(121,1);
i = (1:101);
V_t = 1000*10.^((i-1)/20);
V_arr = e * V_t;
f = ones(1,101);
j = transpose(1:121);
R_t = 0.01*10.^((j-1)./50);
R1_arr = R_t * f;
I_arr = P./V_arr;
R2_arr = R1_arr.* exp(V_arr./(E.*R1_arr));
Xlim_arr = (P./(pi.*(R1_arr.^2).*V_arr)) .* sqrt(C*rho/A);
X_arr = min (1, Xlim_arr) ;
Beta_arr = sqrt(1-X_arr);
Q_arr = ((rho*L)./(pi.*R1_arr.^2.*X_arr)).*(I_arr.^2);
T_arr = L.*((A*pi*R1_arr.^2.*X_arr) + (B.*pi.*R1_arr.^2).*(exp((2.*V_arr)./
(E.*R1_arr))-1) + (C.*rho.*I_arr.^2)./(pi.*R1_arr.^2.*X_arr));
figure;
surf (log(T_arr),(V_arr),(R1_arr))
figure;
contour (log(T_arr),(V_arr),(R1_arr))
T_lowest = min (min(T_arr))
%The lowest total cost of the transmission
line
[row,column] = find(T_arr== min(min(T_arr)))
V = V_arr(49,60)
R1 = R1_arr(49,60)

-Answer

%The value of V correspond to the lowest T

%The value of R1 correspond to the lowest T

Figure 1. Surface plot

Figure 2. Contour map

T_lowest = 3.4649e+07
row = 49
column = 60
V = 8.9125e+05
R1 = 0.0912
In my opinion, twin-cable transmission (Option A) is cheaper. Although the total
cost of transmission line for Option A is double of the total cost of Option B, we have to
take into consideration that these two methods of transmission will be used for a long
term. The cost of power loss in single-cable transmission (Option B) in a long term will
be much higher than the total cost for transmission line twin-cable transmission (Option
A). Therefore, Option A is cheaper than Option B