Unit I

Part A
1.

State some features which affect popularity of web user interface. (June 2011)
Graphics revolutionized design and the user interface. Graphics assumes three dimensional look whereas
text based system assumes one dimensional look. Information can appear or disappear through floating
windows and navigation and commands can be done through menu or pull downs or screen controls
Increased computer power and the vast improvement in the display enable the users actions to be reacted
to quickly, dynamically, and meaningfully.

2.

Define Human Computer Interaction . (June 2012)

User interface design is a subset of a field of study called human-computer interaction (HCI). Humancomputer interaction is the study, planning, and design of how people and computers work together so that
a persons needs are satisfied in the most effective way.

3.

State some of the benefits of good user interface design. . (June 2012/)
Another researcher has reported that reformatting inquiry screens following good design principles reduced
decision-making time by about 40 percent, resulting in a savings of 79 person-years in the affected system.
Other benefits also accrue from good design (Karat, 1997). Training costs are lowered because training
time is reduced, support line costs are lowered because fewer assist calls are necessary, and employee
satisfaction is increased because aggravation and frustration are reduced.

4.

What is the impact of Human characteristics in UID? (June 2007/Dec 2011)

Perception, memory, visual acuity, foveal and peripheral vision, sensory storage, information processing,
learning, skill individual differences skill the user interface design.

5.

What is the need for direct manipulation? (Dec 2011)

The system is portrayed as an extension of the real world.
Objects and actions are continuously visible.
Actions are rapid and incremental with visible display of results.

6.

State the Characteristics Direct Manipulation. (Dec 2012)

a. The system is portrayed as an extension of the real world
b. Continuous visibility of objects and actions:
c. Actions are rapid and incremental with visible display of results
d. Incremental actions are easily reversible

7.

List any four Graphical system disadvantages. (Dec 2012)

a. Greater design complexity
b. Learning still necessary
c. Lack of experimentally-derived design guidelines
d. Inconsistencies in technique and terminology

8.

Define Visualization. (Dec 2011/June 2011)

Visualization is any technique for creating images, diagrams, or animations to communicate a message.
Visualization through visual imagery has been an effective way to communicate both abstract and concrete
ideas since the dawn of man.

9.

What is Extranet
An extranet is a special set of intranet Web pages that can be accessed from outside an organization or
company.
Typical examples include those for letting customers check on an orders status or letting suppliers view
requests for proposals. An extranet is a blend of the public Internet and the intranet, and its design should
reflect this.

10. Difference between direct and indirect Manipulation.

In practice, direct manipulation of all screen objects and actions may not be feasible. Indirect
manipulation substitutes words and text, such as pull-down or pop-up menus, for symbols, and substitutes
typing for pointing.
11. How can you evaluate the popularity of the web user interface? (June 2007)
We can evaluate the popularity of web usage depend on the following.
The number of Internet hosts has risen dramatically
In 1984 hosts online exceeded 1,000;
In 1987, 10,000;
In 1989, 100,000;
In 1990, 300,000;
In 1992 hosts exceeded one million.
In 1996, 10 million host
In 2009, Billion host
12. What are the advantages of having a good user interface? (Dec 2007)
Advantages of a Good User Interface
Fast learning.
Faster use and problem solving.
Easier remembering.
Provide context.
Immediate feedback.
Fewer errors.
Foster more concrete thinking.
Increased feeling of control.
13. Give the reason for popularity of a user interface? (Dec 2008)
The user interface is the part of a computer and its software the people can see, hear, touch, talk to or
otherwise understand. User interface has 2 components input and output-keyboard, mouse, trackball are
input and computer conveys the result of its computation is output. Proper user interface ill provide a mix
of well designed input and
output mechanism that satisfy the user's needs, capacities and limitations in the most effective way.
14. What is meant by GUI?
GUI is a collection of techniques and mechanism to interact with pointing device of some

kind.

15 . Mention any 2 advantages of graphical system?

Symbols recognized faster than text.
The symbols can be recognized faster and more quickly than text and that graphical attributes quickly
classifying the objects.
16. What are visually presented elements in a graphical system?
Windows
Menus.
Icons.
Screen based controls.
Mouse point and cursor.
17. Define pick and click interaction?
Pick: To identify an element for a proposed action.
Click: The signal to perform an action.

18. What is an object and its types?

Object is an entity. It can be manipulated as a single unit.
Objects can be classified into 3 types.
(l) Data object. (2) Container object. (3) Device object.
19. Define property/attribute specification and explain its sequence.
Property / attribute specification action establish or modify the attributes or properties of objects.
Property / attribute specification sequence
(l) The user selects an object (ex) several words of text.
(2) The user then selects an action to apply to that object such as the action Bold.
20. Define concurrent performance of functions.
Graphic system may do 2 or more things at one time.
Multiple programs may run simultaneously.
21 Write any 2 differences between GUI and Webpage design.
GUI design
Webpage design
Characteristics of interface such as monitor The user device may range from handheld
and modem are well designed
mechanism to high end work station.
It navigate through structured menus, lists, It navigate through links, book marks and typed
screens dialogs and wizards.
URLs.
22. Write any 2 differences between Printed page versus Web pages?
Printed page
Web pages
Layout is precise
Layout is approximation
They are presented as complete entities and They are rendered slowly depending upon
their entire contents are available for transmission speeds and page content.
reading or review immediately.
23 Mention any 2 difference between Intranet versus the Internet?
Intranet
Internet
It is used for an organization every day It is used to find information
activities.
Need for cross-platform compatibility is
Need for cross-platform
minimized
maximized

compatibility is

24. What is meant by transparency?

Permit the user to focus on the task or job without concern for the mechanics of the interface.
25. What are the similarities between GUI and web interface design?
They are interactive.
Both are used by people.
Both are software design.
Part B
1.

Compare GUI and Web interface.

Text book Page no 24-39

2.

Explain the principles of user interface design? Text book page no 40 - 51

3.

Discuss in detail about the advantages and drawbacks of Graphical User Interface. Pg no 15 23

4.

Compare
a. Internet Vs Intranet

text book pg no 30-31

b. Printed page Vs Webpage text book pg no 37-39

Unit II : HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION
Part A
1.

What are the design guidelines expected for user interface design (June 2011)
A design standard or style guide documents an agreed-upon way of doing something. It also defines
the interface standards, rules, guidelines, and conventions that must be followed in detailed design.

2.

State the Different types of users. (June 2011/June 2012)

The users of intranets, being organization employees, know a lot about the organization, its structure, its
products, its jargon, and its culture. Customers use Internet sites and others who know much less about the
organization, and often care less about it.

3.

Give any three Guide lines for designing conceptual model. (June 2012)
Reflect the users mental model not the designers: A user will have different expectations and levels of
knowledge than the designer. So, the mental models of the user and designer will be different. The user is
concerned with the task to be performed, the business objectives that must be fulfilled.
Draw physical analogies or present metaphors: Replicate what is familiar and well known. Duplicate
actions that are already well learned. A metaphor, to be effective, must be widely applicable within an
interface.
Comply with expectancies, habits, routines, and stereotypes: Use familiar associations, avoiding the new
and unfamiliar. With color, for example, accepted meanings for red, yellow, and green are already well
established. Use words and symbols in their customary ways.

4.

Give any 2 applications which utilize the human interaction speed. (Dec 2011)
Reading-The average adult, reading English prose in the United States, has a reading
speed in the order of 250 to 300 words per minute.
Listening-Words can be comfortably heard and understood at a rate of 150 to 160
words per minute.

5.

What is the need for Design standards? (Dec 2011)

Design standards must also be created (if not already available), usability goals established, and training
and documentation needs determined.
A design standard or style guide documents an agreed-upon way of doing something. In interface design it
describes the appearance and behavior of the inter-face and provides some guidance on the proper use of
system components. It also defines the interface principles, rules, guidelines, and conventions that must be
followed in detailed design.

6.

State the five Design Commandments. (Dec 2012)

Gain a complete understanding of users and their tasks: The users are the customers. Today, people expect a
level of design sophistication from all interfaces, including Web sites. The product, system or Web site must
be geared to peoples needs, not those of the developers.
Solicit early and ongoing user involvement: Involving the users in design from the beginning provides a
direct conduit to the knowledge they possess about jobs, tasks, and needs. Involvement also allows the
developer to confront a persons resistance to change, a common human trait. People dislike change for a
variety of reasons, among them fear of the unknown and lack of identification with the system.
Perform rapid prototyping and testing: Prototyping and testing the product will quickly identify problems
and allow you to develop solutions. Prototyping and testing must be continually performed during all stages
of development to uncover all potential defects. If thorough testing is not performed before product release,
the testing will occur in the users office. Encountering a series of problems early in system use will create

a negative first impression in the customers mind, and this may harden quickly, creating attitudes that may
be difficult to change. It is also much harder and more costly to fix a product after its release.
Modify and iterate the design as much as necessary: While design will proceed through a series of stages,
problems detected in one stage may force the developer to revisit a previous stage.. Establish user
performance and acceptance criteria and continue testing and modifying until all design goals are met.
Integrate the design of all the system components: The software, the documentation, the help function, and
training needs are all important elements of a graphical system or Web site and all should be developed
concurrently. Time will also exist for design trade-offs to be thought out more carefully.
7.

Write the Merits of Casecade Menus. (Dec 2012)

The advantages of cascading menus are that:
a. The top-level menus are simplified because some choices are hidden.
b. More first-letter mnemonics are available because menus possess fewer alternatives.
High-level command browsing is easier because subtopics are hidden.

8.

Define Usability(Dec 2007)

The term usability used to describe the effectiveness of human performance. The term usability is defined
as the capability to be used by humans easily and effectively, where,
easily = to a specified level of subjective assessment,
effectively = to a specified level of human performance.

9.

List down the general steps to be performed during business analysis.

Perform a business definition and requirements analysis.
Determine basic business functions.
Describe current activities through task analysis.
Develop a conceptual model of the system.
Establish design standards or style guides.
Establish system usability design goals.
Define training and documentation needs.

10. What is the impact of business function in user interface design?(Dec 2007)
Perform a business definition and requirements analysis.
Determine basic business functions.

Describe current activities through task analysis.

Develop a conceptual model of the system.

Establish design standards or style guides.

Establish system usability design goals.

Define training and documentation needs.

11. State the few application where interaction speed has an effect on the
user interface design? (June 2009)
Reading, Listening, speaking, keying and hand printing are the few applications
where interaction speed has an effect on the user interface design.
12.What are the need for requirement analysis?(June 2009)
product description is developed and refined based on input
from user or marketing.
Capturing information through direct and indirect methods.
User should be familiar with any current system.
Conceptual model of the system will be formulated.
Creation of design standards.
Establishment of usability goals.

13. What are system training tools ?(Dec 2008)

System training will be based on user needs, system conceptual design, system learning goals and system
performance goals. Training include tools such as video training manuals, online tutorials, reference manuals, quick
reference guides and online help.
14. What are the structures of menus?(Dec 2008)
The most common structures are the following.
1. Single Menus
2. Sequential Linear Menus
3. Simultaneous Menus
4. Hierarchical or Sequential Menus
5. Connected Menus
6. Event-Trapping Menus
15. What are the common pitfalls in the design process?
The common pitfalls are.
No early analysis and understanding of the user's needs and expectations
Little or no creation of design element Prototypes
No usability testing.
Poor communication between members of the development team.
16. What are the common usability problems?
l. Ambiguous menus and icons.
2. Highlighting and selection limitations.
3. Unclear Step sequence.
4. Complex linkage between and within an application.
5. Inadequate feedback and confirmation
17. Differentiate between short-term and long-term memory.
Short term
Long-term
Contains limited amount of information
Contains unlimited amount of information
Receives information from either the Receives information from short term through
senses or long term memory
learning process.
18. What is meant by visual activity?
The Capacity of the eye to resolve details is called visual activity. Visual activity is approximately halved at a
distance of 2.5 degrees from the point of eye fixation.
19. What are the direct methods in requirement analysis?
The direct methods consist of
Individual Face to Face interview.
Telephone Interview or survey.
Traditional Focus group.
Facilitated team work group.
Requirements Prototyping.
Usability Laboratory testing.
20. What are the indirect methods in requirement analysis?
The indirect methods include
Paper survey.
Electronic survey.
Electronic focus group
Marketing and sales.
Support Line.

Email Of Bulletin Board.

System Testing

22. Define mental model.

It is an internal representation of a person's current conceptualization and understand of something. Mental model
are gradually developed in order to understand, explain and do something.
23. What are the elements of screen?
Elements of a screen include control captions, data or information displayed on the screen & headings and headlines.
24. What are the qualities in visually pleasing composition?
Visually pleasing composition contain following qualities such as Balance, Symmetry, Regularity, Predictability,
Sequentially, economy, unity, proportion, simplicity and groupings.
25. Define pull down menu.
It is the first level menus used to provide access to common and frequently used application action that take on a
wide variety of different windows.

Part B
1.

Discuss in detail about the impact of human characteristics in design

text book pg no. 65 83

2.

Elaborate on the techniques used for requirements analysis.

Text book pg no. 88 96

3.

Write a short note on usability.

text book pg no. 53 60

4.

Discuss about menus

text book pg no. 250 -325

5.

Explain interface design goals.

Text book pg no. 97 -107

6.

Explain how users knowledge and experience can make a change in user interface design.
Text book Pg no 65 - 83
Unit III : WINDOWS
Part A
1.

State any four charteristics of windows. (June 2011)

A name or title, allowing it to be identified.
A size in height and width (which can vary).
A state, accessible or active, or not accessible. (Only active windows can have their
contents altered.)
Visibilitythe portion that can be seen. (A window may be partially or fully hidden
behind another window, or the information within a window may extend beyond the
windows display area.)
A location, relative to the display boundary.
Presentation, that is, its arrangement in relation to other windows. It may be tiled,
overlapping, or cascading.
Management capabilities, methods for manipulation of the window on the screen.

 Its highlight, that is, the part that is selected.

The function, task, or application to which it is dedicated.
2.

What is the need of tool bar ? (June 2012)

To provide easy and fast access to most frequently used commands or options across multiple
screens.
To invoke a sub application within an application.
To use in place of certain menu items.

3.

What is the need for device based control? (June 2009/June 2012)
Device-based controls, often called input devices, are the mechanisms through which people
communicate their desires to the system.
Direct devices are operated on the screen itself. Examples include the light pen, the
finger, and voice.
Indirect devices are operated in a location other than the screen, most often on the
desktop.

4.

Name the components of windows. (June 2009/Dec 2011)

Frame or Border
Boundary to define shape.
If sizable, contains control points for resizing.
Title Bar Text
Name of object being viewed in window.
Control point for moving window.
Title Bar Icon
Small version of icon for object being viewed.
Access point for commands that apply to the object.
Title Bar Buttons
Shortcuts to specific commands.
Windows sizing button
Menu bar
Status bar
Scroll bars
Split box
Tool bar
Command Area
Size Grip
Work Area.

5.

List is the need for Text boxes? (Dec 2011)

A Text Entry control contains text, free-form in nature that is exclusively entered or modified
using the keyboard. A Read-Only control will contain text or values being presented for reading or
display purposes only.
A text box into which information can be keyed is called an unprotected field. A text box used for
display purposes only is referred to as a protected field.

6.

What are the types of Presentation Styles? (Dec 2007/Dec 2008/Dec 2012)
There are three basic styles, commonly called tiled , overlapping , cascading.
Tiled Windows
Tiled windows derive their name from common floor or wall tile. Tiled windows appear
in one plane on the screen and expand or contract to fill up the display surface, as needed.
Most systems provide two-dimensional tiled windows, adjustable in both height and
width.
Overlapping Windows
Overlapping windows may be placed on top of one another like papers on a desk.
They possess a three-dimensional quality, appearing to lie on different planes.

Cascading Windows
7.

What are the Merits of Track ball? (June 2011/Dec 2012)

Advantages:
Direct relationship between hand and pointer movement in terms of direction and speed.
Does not obscure vision of screen.
Does not require additional desk space (if mounted on keyboard).

8.

Give the situations to use check box, radio button.

9. Give the features of operable controls.

A square or rectangular-shaped control with a label inside that indicates action to be

accomplished.
The label may consist of text, graphics, or both.
Purpose:
To start actions.
To change properties.
To display a pop-up menu.

10. What are the two types and forms of Text Boxes?
Types of text box
Two types of text boxes exist. One consists of a rectangular box into which information is typed. It
may also be referred to as an edit control.
The second is also rectangular in shape but contains text displayed purely for read-only purposes.
The former type has historically been referred to as an entry field, the latter as an inquiry or
display field.
Two forms of Text Box
Single-Line and Multiple-Line Text Boxes
11. List some examples for device based controls? (Dec 2007/2008)
Device based controls called input devices.
Example
1. Track ball.
2. Joystick.
3. Graphic tablet.
4. Light pen.
5. Touch screen.
6. Voice.
7. Mouse.
8. Keyboard

12. Define window.

A window is a area of the screen usually rectangular in shape, defined by a
border that contains a particular view of some area of the computer. It can be moved and rendered independently on
the screen.
13. What is known as split box?
A Window can split into 2 or more pieces or panes by manipulating a split box located above a vertical scroll bar or
to the left of a horizontal scroll bar.
14. What are the various types of windows?
l. Primary window: It is the one that appears on a screen when an activity or action is started.
2. Secondary window: They are supplemental windows. It may be dependent or independent of primary window.
15. What are the various window management schemes?
(l) Single document interface
(2) Multiple document interfaces
(3) Workbooks
(4) Projects
16. Differentiate between SDI & MDI.
SDI
Single document interface
A single primary windows with
asset of secondary windows
Object and window have simple one
to one relationship

MDI
Multiple document interface
Managing set of windows
To represent multiple occurrence of an
object.

17. What are the advantages of frames in web systems?

They decrease the user's need to jump back and forth between screens, thereby reducing navigation related
cognitive overhead.
They increase the user's opportunity to request, view and compare multiple sources of information.
They allow content pages to be developed independently of navigation pages.
18. What is meant by windows project?
A project is a similar to MDI,but does not visually contain child windows. The objects held within the project
window can be opened in primary windows that are peers with the project window.
19. Differentiate the usage of keyboard with mouse?
Keyboard
Mouse
Keying process becomes fast and Mouse is slower and it has tendency to
well learned
move about the desk.
It remain in the same spot. Its Its location cannot be memorized
location can be memorized.
20. What is meant by graphic tablet?
A graphic tablet is a device with horizontal surface sensitive to pressure, heat, light or the blockage of light. It may
lie on the desk or may be incorporated on a keyboard and is operated with fingers & light pen.
21. What is meant by slider?
A slider is a scale that exhibits the amount or degree of a quantity or quality. A slider incorporates the range of
possible values and includes a shaft representing the range, the values with label and visual indication of the relative
setting through the location of a sliding arm.
22. Differentiate between tooltip from balloon tips.
Tool tips
Balloon tips

It can be posted at any time only

one the last posted will be possible.
It has one or two words that
identify button action

It is used for task bar for a specified

minimum and maximum limits.
It has a small pop up window that contain
information presented in a word balloon.
Part B

1.

Describe any 5 window operations. Text book pg no 337 - 345

2.

Discuss in detail about devices used in device based-control and list the characteristics of device-based
controls.
Text book pg no. 386 - 400

3.

Discuss in detail about windows presentation style and types of windows

pg. no. 345 - 370

4.

Discuss in detail about any four presentation controls.

Text Book Pg. No. 385 402

5.

Discuss in detail about selection controls with suitable example.

Text book pg no. 450 - 470
Unit IV : MULTIMEDIA
Part A
1.

What are the different types of messages? (June 2012)

Status messages.
Informational messages.
Warning messages.
Critical messages.
Question messages.

2.

What are the characteristics of a successful Icon? Give its need (June 2012)
Icons are most often used to represent objects and actions with which users can interact with or that they
can manipulate
An icon possesses the technical qualities of syntactics, semantics, and pragmatics
Syntactics refers to an icons physical structure.
Semantics is the icons meaning.
Pragmatics is how the icons are physically produced and depicted.
Looks different from all other icons.
Is obvious what it does or represents.
Is recognizable when no larger than 16 pixels square.
Looks as good in black and white as in color.

3.

What do you mean by internationalization of user interface? (Dec 2007/Dec 2008/Dec 2011)
Internalization is the process of isolating culturally specific elements from a product.
(Ex) The german text of a program developed in germany, it is isolated from the program
itself.

4.

What are the 3 properties of color? (Dec 2008/ Dec 2011)

Color possesses 3 properties such as hue chroma or saturation and valve or intensity.
Hue is the spectral wave length composition of a color.

 Chroma or satuaration is the purity of a color in a scale from gray to the most vivid version of the color.
Valve or intensity is the relative lightness or darkness of a color in a range from black to white.
5.

What are the items associated with progress indicator? Where it is used? (June 2011)
When filling the indicator:
If horizontally arrayed, fill it from left to right.
If vertically arrayed, fill it from bottom to top.
Fill it with a color or a shade of gray.
Include descriptive text for the process, as necessary.
Place text outside of the control.

6.

What are the needs for status bar message? (June 2011)
Purpose:
To provide a representation of actual screen content based upon the parameter or parameters
selected.

7.

List and define the types of Accessibility.

Accessibility, in a general sense, means a system must be designed to be usable by an almost unlimited
range of people, essentially anyone who desires to use it.
Visual disabilities can range from slightly reduced visual acuity to total blindness.
Hearing disabilities range from an inability to detect certain sounds to total deafness.
Physical movement disabilities include difficulties in, or an inability to, perform certain physical tasks
such as moving a mouse, pressing two keyboard keys simultaneously, or accurately striking a single
keyboard key.
People with speech or language disabilities may find it difficult to read and write (as with dyslexia).
Cognitive disabilities include memory impairments and perceptual problems.
People with seizure disorders are sensitive to visual flash rates, certain rates triggering seizures.

8.

List out and define two types of errors.

Errors can be classified as slips or mistakes. A slip is automatic behavior gone awry. Slips are usually, but
not always, corrected fairly easily. Slips can be reduced through proper application of human factors in
design
A mistake results from forming a wrong model or goal and then acting on it. A mistake may not be easily
detected because the action may be proper for the perceived goalit is the goal that is wrong.

9.

How will you choose color for textual graphic screens?

For displaying data, text, and symbols on a textual graphical screen colors selected should have
adequate visibility, meaning, contrast, and harmony.
Use effective foreground/background combinations.
Use effective foreground combinations.
Choose the background color first.
Display no more than four colors at one time.
Use colors in toolbars sparingly.
Test the chosen colors.

10. List down the response time limit for web and GUI.
System responsiveness should match the speed and flow of human thought processes.
If continuity of thinking is required and information must be remembered throughout several responses,
response time should be less than one or two seconds.
If human task closures exist, high levels of concentration are not necessary, and moderate short-term
memory requirements are imposed; response times of 2 to 4 seconds are acceptable.
If major task closures exist, minimal short-term memory requirements are imposed; responses within 4
to 15 seconds are acceptable.

 When the user is free to do other things and return when convenient, response time can be greater than
15 seconds.
11.What are the different categories of users? What category of users requires
guidance and assistance? (Dec 2007)
Category of users.
1. Novice users.
2. Average users.
3. Experienced users or experts.
Novice users requires guidance and assistance
1. Instructions of prompting.
2. A help facility.
3. Contextual help.
4. Task oriented help.
5. Reference help.
6. Wizards.
7. Hints or tips.
12 What type of words used in effective communication?
Short familiar words
Standard alphabetic characters
Complete words
Positive terms
Simple action words
Consistent words
13. What type of words used in effective communication?
Short familiar words
Standard alphabetic characters
Complete words
Positive terms
Simple action words
Consistent words
14. Define message? What are the types of messages?
Messages are communication provided on the screen to the screen viewer. A message should possess the proper
tone and style and be consistent within it.
Types of message:
System message
Status message
Informational message
Warning message
Critical message
Question message
15 What is known as ear cons?
Sounds sometimes called ear cons, are useful for altering the user.

To minor and obvious mistakes

When something unexpected happens
When a long process is finished

16. Differentiate between slip and mistake?

Slip
Can be reduced through proper
application of human factors in
design.

Mistake
Can be reduced by eliminating ambiguity
from design.

17. What are the ways to prevent errors?

Errors can be reduced in a number of ways
Disable inapplicable choices.
Design screen using selection controls instead of entry controls.
Accept common misspelling whenever possible.
Before an action is performed, permit it to be reviewed.
Provide a common action mechanism.
18 What is meant by localization?
Localization is the process of infusing a specific cultural context into previously internalized product.
Ex: Translating German Screen Components and message into English for American users.
19. What is meant by Accessibility?
Accessibility means a system must be designed to be usable by an almost unlimited range of people. It can be
def1ned as providing easy access to a system for people with disabilities.
20. What are the various types of disabilities?
Disabilities can be grouped into several categories.
Visual
Hearing
Physical movement
Speech or language impairments
Cognitive disorders
Seizure disorders
21.What are the various kinds of icon?
Symbolic - An abstract image representing something.

Exemplar - An image illustrating an example or characteristic of something.

Arbitrary - An image completely arbitrary in appearance whose meaning must be learned.

Analogy - An image physically or semantically associated with something.

Resemblance An image that looks like what it means.

22. What is meant by dithering?

If pixels of different colors are placed next to each other, this tremor combines the 2 colors into a 3 rd color. This is
referred to dithering.
23. What is known as protanopia, deuteranopia and tritanopia.
Protanopia, Deuteranopia and Tritanopia are color viewing deficiencies.
Red viewing deficiency is called protanopia.
Green viewing deficiency is called deuteranopia.
Blue viewing deficiency is called tritanopia.
Part B

1. Write a details note on multimedia representation Text book pg no 600 -617

2. Discuss the role of feedback in user interface design text book pg no 540 -548
Providing the Proper Feedback

3. Elaborate the guidelines used for choosing colors for statistical graphics screens.
Text book pg no 621 - 651

4. What are the guidelines to be followed for creating text for web pages? Explain. Text book pg no 530
- 540
Web topics

5. Write an elaborate note on guidance and assistance mechanism. Text book pg no. 549 -569
6. Elaborate on the Icons their types and Characteristics. Text book pg no 590 - 605
7. List out various accessibility issues you can have and give design for them Text Book Pg no 575 - 589
Unit V : WINDOWS LAYOUT
Part A
1.

What is the purpose of usability testing? (June 2011)

Testing should begin in the earliest stages of product development and continue throughout the
development process.
It should include as many of the users tasks, and as many of the products components, as
reasonably possible.

2.

What are the needs for Prototypes? (June 2011/June 2012)

A prototype is primarily a vehicle for exploration, communication, and evaluation. Its purpose is
to obtain user input in design, and to provide feedback to designers.
A prototype is a simulation of an actual system that can be quickly created.

3.

What are the guidelines to be followed before starting the test? (June 2012)
Conformance with a requirement.
Conformance with guidelines for good design.
Identification of design problems.
Ease of system learning.
Retention of learning over time.
Speed of task completion.
Speed of need fulfillment.
Error rates.

4.

Define hypermedia. (Dec 2011/Dec 2012)

Hypermedia is a term collectively referring to elements such as images, picture, audio, diagrams,
animations, etc., that helps in linking web pages so that the user can navigate and view through the
pages. They Are not one dimensional like textual links.

5.

List some techniques utilized for information searching. (June 2007/Dec 2011)
Specific fact finding(known item search)
Extended fact finding.
Phrase search in textual documents.
Multimedia document search include photo search, map search, design search, sound search, video
search and animation search.

6.

What are the advantages of walkthrough? (Dec 2012)

Allow a clear evaluation of the task flow early in the design process.
Do not require a functioning prototype.
Low cost.
Can be used to evaluate alternate solutions.
Can be performed by developers.
More structured than a heuristic evaluation.
Useful for assessing exploratory learning.

7.

Define Visualization. (June 2007/Dec 2007/Dec 2008)

Visualization is any technique for creating images, diagrams, or animations to communicate a
message.
Visualization through visual imagery has been an effective way to communicate both abstract and
concrete ideas since the dawn of man.

8.

List out some software tools for user interface design.(Dec 2007)
User interface model with slide show presentation with powerpoint
Apple HyperCard or Asymmetric Tool Book for multimedia application
Visual programming tool prograph provide direct manipulation

9.

List the steps to be reviewed during testing process.

Testing steps to be reviewed are:
Identifying the purpose and scope of testing.
Understanding the importance of testing.
Developing a prototype.
Developing the right kind of test plan.
Designing a test to yield relevant data.
Soliciting, selecting, and scheduling users to participate.
Providing the proper test facility.
Conducting tests and collecting data.
Analyzing the data and generating design recommendations.
Modifying the prototype as necessary.
Testing the system again.
Evaluating the working system.

10. 10. What are the 4 phases of frame work to clarify user interface for textual search.
4 phases of frame work
1. Formulation.
2. Action.
3. Review of results.
4. Refinement.
11. Differentiate control and section borders.
Control Border
Incorporate a thin single
line border around the
elements of selection
control

Section Border
Incorporate a thicker single line
border around
group of related entry or the
selection control elements.

12. 12. What are the principles of good screen design?

Present the proper amount of information on each screen.
Providing an ordering that is logical, sequential and rhythmic to guide a persons eye through the display.
Keep the proportion of the window devoted to information no more than 30 to 40 percent of the windows
entire area.
Maintaining a top to bottom, left to right flow.

13. 13 What is meant by think-aloud evaluation?

The users perform specific tasks while thinking out load. The objective is to get the user to talk
continuously.
14. 14. Define focus group.
In a focus group a small group of knowledgeable users and a moderator are brought together to discuss an
interface design prototype or proposed design tasks.
15. 15 What are importances of usability testing?
It is important for many reasons including the following.
Developers and users possess different models.
It is importance to predict usability from appearance.
Design standards and guidelines are not sufficient.
Informal feedback is inadequate.
16. What are the benefits of menu trees?
They are powerful as a specification tool since they sow users, managers, implementers and other interested
parties the complete and detailed coverage of the system.
It shows high level relationships and low level details.
17. What are the ways to categorizing the web?
Primary way of categorizing the web sites is by the originators identity.
Second way of categorizing the web sites is by goals of the organization.
Third way of categorizing the web sites is by the number of pages or amount of information is accessible.
Fourth way of categorizing the web sites is by measure of success.
18. What are the various searches used in the multimedia document?
Photo search
Map search
Design or Diagram search
Sound search
Video search
Animation search
19. What are the features of user-interface building tools?
User interface independence
Rapid prototyping
Methodology and notation
20. List some software tools used for user interface design.
a) User interface model can be created with slide show presentation such as Adobe
persuasion, Microsoft-Power point.
b) Apple hyper card, Macro Mind director or A Symmetric Tool Book used for
creating multimedia applications.
c) Visual programming tool paragraph provide direct manipulation
21. What are the various types of TTT?
One dimensional linear data
Two dimensional map data
Three dimensional data
Temporal data
Multi dimensional data
Tree data
Network data

22. What are the ways to categorizing the web?

Primary way of categorizing the web sites is by the originators identity.
Second way of categorizing the web sites is by goals of the organization.
Third way of categorizing the web sites is by the number of pages or amount of information is
accessible.
Fourth way of categorizing the web sites is by measure of success.
23. What are the various types of TTT?
One dimensional linear data
Two dimensional map data
Three dimensional data
Temporal data
Multi dimensional data
Tree data
Network data
24. What is the four phase framework to clarify user interfaces for textual search?
Formulation
Action
Results
Refinement
25. Define www.
World website design is a matter of balancing the structure and relationship of menu or one pages
and individual content pages or other linked graphics and documents.
26. Mention the types of prototypes.
Hand sketches and scenarios
Interactive paper prototype
Programmed faade.
Part B

1. Write in detail about information search techniques Ref. Book Pg No 522 - 535
2. Discuss the different stages involved in usability testing and guidelines to be followed for the
same.
Text Book pg No 715 729

3. Write short note on the following:

(i)
(ii)

Hypermedia.
Ref. Book Pg No 560 - 562
Software Design tools
Text Book Pg No 580 - 589

4. What are the different kinds of usability testing?

5. Discuss the need and importance of Prototypes.
Text book pg no 702 - 715