CI/SfB I

I (90.4) I s I

Cement

Fly Ash - BSEN 450

- 1 Class N Category

100%

OHS61759

FM96927

non-primary materials

EMS96928

EN 450 N is a Quality Assured processed Fly Ash (also known as Pulverised Fuel Ash, or abbreviated to PFA).

Fly Ash is supplied to the ready-mixed concrete and concrete product markets as a cement replacement.

Using Fly Ash as a cement replacement

reduces the overall CO2 footprint of the
concrete. When PFA is used in concrete
environmental savings can equate
to 20% reduction in overall CO2 emissions
for 30% Fly Ash content (based on mixes
designed with equal 28 day strengths).
Improved surface finish of the
completed structure. Fly Ash contributes
to producing a more cohesive concrete
which has a reduced rate of bleeding
making it easier to compact and giving
the concrete better pumping properties.
Reduces permeability, which reduces
shrinkage, creep and gives greater
resistance to chloride ingress and
sulphate attack. Pozzolans such as
PFA react with lime (alkali calcium
hydroxide produced by cement hydrating)
to form stable calcium silicates and
calcium aluminate hydrates. These fill the
voids in the concrete and remove some
of the lime which reduces the permeability
of the concrete.

Improves long term strength,

performance and durability. The Fly Ash
reaction with lime also improves the
strength, durability, chloride and sulfate
resistance of the concrete.
Using Fly Ash reduces the temperature
rise in thick sections - with the addition of
less cement in a concrete mix the heat
that is produced through hydration is
greatly reduced.
Minimises risk of Alkali Silica reaction
Alkali Silica reaction is significantly reduced,
if not completely eliminated, with the use of
more than 25% of PFA. This is due to the
fact that PFA readily reacts with sodium
and potassium alkalis within the concrete.
Admixtures can be used to extend the
properties of Fly Ash in concrete, mortars
and grouts.

Basic oxide composition

Component

Average %
by weight

SiO2

45 to 51

AI2O3

27 to 32

Fe2O3

7 to 11

CaO

1 to 5

MgO

1 to 4

K2O

1 to 5

Na2O

0.8 to 1.7

TiO2

0.8 to 1.1

SO3*

0.3 to 1.3

Cl

0.05 to 0.15

* Water soluble. The figures for SiO2 do not refer to

free silica but to silicon present as silicates of
varying compositions.

Applications
Aggregate Industries Fly Ash can be combined
with Type CEM I cement to produce material
conforming to BSEN 197-1.

By-product from coal fired power generation.

Fly Ash - BSEN 450

- 1 Class N Category

Specification

Production of Fly Ash at UK power stations

BSEN450 -1 CLASS N CATEGORY B LOI

FLY ASH is classed as a TYPE II ADDITION,
defined in BSEN 206-1 CONCRETE as a
finely divided inorganic pozzolanic or latent
hydraulic material used in cements in order
to improve certain properties or to achieve
special properties.

When pulverised coal is burnt the Fly Ash

has to be removed from the flue gases before
they are released into the atmosphere. The Fly
Ash is therefore precipitated from the gas, first,
by mechanical separation and then by a series
of two or three electrostatic precipitators which
progressively remove fine particles, so the
last stage of precipitation collects the finest
material of all.

Complies with the requirements of BSEN

450 - 1 FLY ASH FOR CONCRETE,
DEFINITIONS, REQUIREMENTS AND
QUALITY CONTROL.
Can be combined with CEM 1 Cement to
BSEN 197-1 Type CEM I at the concrete
mixer or the cement factory to produce
CEM 1 Fly Ash cements conforming to
BSEN 197-1:2000.
Aggregate Industries Fly Ash is permitted
to be used in concrete according to
BS8500:2006 COMPLIMENTARY BRITISH
STANDARD TO BSEN206-1.Fly Ash can
also be used to produce a wide range of
cementitious products and is suitable as a
filler or additive in concrete products.
Life
Life is our range of sustainable products and
services. For more information please visit
www.aggregate.com/life

As a base raw material Fly Ash is variable

for several reasons, including the sources
of the coal, the efficiency of its pulverisation,
and above all the furnace in which the
pulverised coal is burnt and then the
method of precipitating the ash from the
combustion gases.
In principle the furnace acts as a particle
separator. About 20% of the ash particles
either form together or combine into a form
of clinker, which falls to the bottom of the
furnace and is known as furnace bottom
ash. The remaining 80% is known as Fly
Ash and it is this material that is normally
considered as an artificial pozzolan.
Pozzolans
Pozzolans are either naturally or artificially
produced materials that, when mixed in
finely divided form in concrete, chemically
react at normal temperatures with the
Calcium Hydroxide (LIME) that it is produced
during the hydration of the CEM 1 Cement.

All concretes made with CEM 1 Cement

alone produce an excess of lime which
weakens the concrete because it is porous
and chemically vulnerable to acids, carbon
dioxide and soluble sulphates. If a material
such as a pozzolan that combines with and
fixates the lime, is added under controlled
conditions, the result is a stabilized hydrate
that is not only stronger but also less
permeable to chemical attack.
Manufacturing standard
All Aggregate Industries products are supplied
in accordance with BS ISO 9001:2008, BS
ISO 14001:2004 & BS OHSAS 18001:2007.
Logistics
Aggregate Industries supplies PFA to its
national customer base in pressurised
road tankers.
COSHH data
COSHH data on Aggregate Industries
products is available on request.
Technical support
For technical support please call our
Technical Services on: 01469 585806.
Reports of tests providing data on
chemistry and fineness are available.

Unit 2 & 3 Yarborough Court,

Front Street, Ulceby. Nr Grimsby,
North Lincolnshire DN39 6RZ
Tel: +44 (0) 1469 585806
Fax: +44 (0) 1469 588912

Aggregate Industries UK Limited. July 2013

The information contained within this publication was accurate at time of

production. However, Aggregate Industries reserves the right to introduce
modifications or changes to detail at any time without notice. No charge is
levied for this publication or advice therein, and accordingly the company,
its employees and authorised agents can accept no liability whatsoever,
either indirectly or directly arising from the use of its products in connection
with any information or advice contained in this guide.