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OBJECTIVES
At the end of this session, course participants
will be able :
To state definition of voltage, current and resistance
To explain 4 electrical hazards
To explain 2 principles of electrical safety
To state at least 4 factors that should be consider in
safe use of electricity
To identify electrical safety controls
SCOPES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Definition
Electrical Installation
Electrical hazards and effects of electrical current
Principles of electrical safety
Safe use of electricity
Electrical safety controls
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Electricity
- One of the main sources of energy and
has many uses to mankind (illuminate,
heating, cooling, running machines and
equipment
TERMINOLOGIES
Electricity is a form of energy produced from the flow
of electrons. It is a general term that includes energy
related to electrical charges, whether static or
dynamic
3 factors that influence electricity are :
a. Voltage (Volt) : Motive force of electrical energy
b. Current (Ampere) : Actual flow of electricity
c. Resistance ( Ohm) : Characteristics of a circuit
(path)
where electricity is flowing and offers
resistance to the current
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
a) Circuit:i. Where electrical current flows
ii. Supplies a source of energy
iii. Equipped with conductors to enable
control of current flows
d) Circuit Breaker
i. Works to break the circuit when an
overload occurs
ii. Avoids overheating that can cause
combustion
iii. Shaped like an enclosed switch
iv. Contains an automatic switch which
retracts from the on position to off
position when there is an overload of
electricity flow in the circuit
Safety And Health Officer
Certificate Course
e) Fuse
i. A thin piece of metal that will break
(when melted) if excessive current is en
encountered and causing the circuit to
break
ii. It will terminate the electricity supply
ELECTRICAL HAZARD
a) Electrical Shock
i. Occurs due to contact with a live wire together
with a flow through a human body
ii. It affects the normal functioning of the organs
and nervous system such as causing weak
muscles and heart and respiratory system
failure
iii. Death occurs if the heartbeat becomes
abnormal and is interrupted for too long,
insufficient flow of blood to the brain
Safety And Health Officer
Certificate Course
b) Lighting
ARC EYES
i.
From UV light when looking at an electric arc or
welding flash
ii. Symptoms similar to conjunctivitis
iii. Temporary condition lasts for 3 or 4 days
iv. Does not affect contact lens
c) Fire
i.
From contact with an electric arc (ex: welding process)
ii.
Overload of the conductor (ex: burning circuit)
iii.
Discharge of static electricity
d) Electrostatic
i.
Static electricity effects produced by an electric charge
trapped within an insulator. The charge can be transferred
whether within or outside the insulated object, or it can
concentrate on the conductor that is insulated from the earth
ii.
Its characteristics : High voltage, low current
iii.
If the static electricity charge is high, it can become a hazard
to a human and a risk of creating an ignition source in
combustible surroundings
OHMs LAW
Current (I) = Voltage (V)
Resistance (R)
Ampere : Volt
Ohm
EXAMPLE:
Effects on humans
7 miliamps
20 miliamps
Breathing difficulties
70 miliamps
Risk of death
700 miliamps
3000miliamps
Heart stop
mild shock
b. Protection
Isolation Switch
Must be labeled
Placed in a location that is easy to reach
All electrical equipments must have such
insulators
Needs to be equipped with a lock
mechanism for locking when in the close
(OFF) position.
Safety And Health Officer
Certificate Course
d) Earthing
i. Earthing is required for all electrical
equipment
ii. Ensure that the earth circuit is
connected directly to earth (not through
a switch)
CONCLUSION
Serious attention must be given to electrical hazards,
seeing its vast spectrum of effects and results on
users
Two methods of prevention that have been outlined
are protection from direct contact and indirect contact
The government has also formulated several statutory
provisions related to electrical safety, towards
ensuring the safety of users
Safe use of electricity also looks at several preventive
measures that may be taken.