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CHEMISTRY FORM 4
CHAPTER 6 : ELECTROCHEMISTRY
6.1 Understanding properties of electrolytes and nonelectrolytes
6.2 Analysing electrolysis of molten compounds
6.3 Analysing the electrolysis of aqueous solutions
6.4 Evaluating electrolysis in industry
6.5 Analysing voltaic Cell
6.6 Synthesising electrochemical series
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TRY THIS 2
Complete the chart below
TRY THIS 3
Complete the chart below
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The ions that are lower in the electrochemical series will be selectively discharge
TRY THIS 4
Select the ion to be discharged from the following pairs of ions. State at which electrode it occurs and
write the half equation for the discharge of ion
a) Hydroxide ion & Chloride Ion : Equation : ______________________________ at the __________
a) Hydroxide ion & Nitrate ion
: Equation : ______________________________ at the __________
a) Hydroxide ion & Copper(II) ion : Equation : ______________________________ at the __________
a) Hydroxide ion & Pottasium Ion : Equation : ______________________________ at the __________
a) Hydroxide ion & Silver ion
: Equation : ______________________________ at the __________
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TRY THIS 5
Complete the following table for the electrolysis of 0.1 moldm-3 sodium nitrate solution using carbon
electrode.
Set up of apparatus
ANODE
CATHODE
Observation
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TRY THIS 6
Complete the following table for the electrolysis of 0.001 moldm-3 sulphuric acid using carbon electrode.
Set up of apparatus
ANODE
CATHODE
Observation
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TRY THIS 7
Complete the following table for the electrolysis of 0.1 moldm-3 copper(II) Sulphate solution using
carbon electrode.
Set up of apparatus
ANODE
CATHODE
Observation
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2.0 moldm-3
TRY THIS 10
Complete the following table for the electrolysis of 2.0 moldm-3 sodium iodide solution using carbon
electrode.
Set up of apparatus
CATHODE
Types of electrode
There are 2 types of electrode
- Inert electrode An electrode that are acts as conductor only and does not undergo any
chemical changes. Normally they are made of carbon or platinum.
- Reactive electrode An electrode that not only acts as conductor but undergoes chemical
changes. During the electrolysis, the metal anode will dissolve while the reaction at the
cathode is similar to the reaction at the carbon electrode. The consist of metal electrodes such
as copper, silver and nickel.
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TRY THIS 11
Complete the following table for the electrolysis of 1.0 moldm-3 copper(II) Sulphate solutin, using
carbon electrode and copper electrode.
Set up of apparatus
Copper electrode
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A) EXTRACTION OF METALS
BEFORE ELECTROLYSIS
AFTER ELECTROLYSIS
Ions Present
Cu2+, H+, OH- and SO42Reaction at Anode
Both SO42- and OH- gets attracted here but not discharged. Instead, the copper anode discharged
by losing electrons to form Cu2+. So, the electrode size decreases.
Cu(s) Cu2 + 2eReaction at Cathode
Cu2+ produced from anode gains electrons at cathode to become Cu atoms becoming copper.
Hence, the copper is deposited here and the electrode grows.
Cu2+ + 2e- Cu
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Overall Change
There is no change in solution contents as for every loss of Cu2+ ions at cathode is replaced by
Cu2+ ions released by dissolving anode. Only the cathode increases size by gaining copper and
anode decreases size by losing copper. We can use this method to create pure copper on
cathode by using pure copper on cathode and impure copper on anode. Impurities of anode fall
under it.
C) ELECTROPLATING OF METALS
Electroplating is coating an object with thin layer of metal by electrolysis. This makes the object
protected and more attractive
Object to be plated is made to be cathode and the plating metal is made as anode. The
electrolyte MUST contain plating metal cation.
Half equation that occur at
ANODE :______________________________ CATHODE :_______________________________
To ensure that the surface of the iron spoon is thinly and evenly plated with silver metal, a low
concentration of silver nitrate solution must be used.
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* Daniel Cell is an example of voltaic cell that used zinc and copper as electrodes and immersed
into a solution of its ions.
* The two solution are connected through a salt bridge or porous pot
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