CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

Dec 2011
1.
(a) What is BCD? Explain how decimal numbers are represented in computer
system using BCD?
(b) What is a microprocessor? What is need of microprocessor? Explain how an
instruction is executed by a microprocessor?
(c) Simplify the Boolean expression given below using K-map.
(

Also, draw the logical circuit for the simplified Boolean expression.
(d) What is control bus? Explain how it is different from address and data buses?
(e) What is control unit? Draw a general model of control unit. List various input /
output of control unit.
(f) What are different external memories? Explain seek and latency time in respect
to a hard disk.

2.
(a) What is logical shift operation? Explain difference between logical shift and
arithmetic shift with the help of an example of each.
(b) What is Direct Memory Access (DMA)? Explain the use of Data Register and
Address Register in DMA.
(c) What is instruction cycle? Explain the steps in a simple instruction cycle. Also
explain how operations are performed during a fetch cycle.

3.
(a) What is an instruction set? Explain elements 5 of an instruction set.
(b) What is master-slave flip-flop? Explain a 10 application of master-slave flip - flop
with the help of an example.

4.
(a) What is polling? Explain advantages of polling.
(b) Explain hamming error - correcting code with an example.
(c) What is adder? Draw logic diagram for a full adder.

CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

5.
(a) What is random access memory (RAM)? Explain working of RAM with the help
of its logic diagram.
(b) What is stack in 8086? Explain the segment and registers used for storing stack.
Write program (Assembly) for defining and initializing stack.
(c) What are Co-processors? Explain general structure of CPU - Coprocessor with
the help of a diagram

CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

June 2011
1.
(a) List the basic key features of a von-Neuman machine. Also draw structure of
von- Neuman machine.
(b) What is a combinational circuit? Draw a combinational circuit for Boolean
expression

(c) Explain need of multiplexer. Also explain how a

multiplexer works.
(d) What is a bus? Explain the working of a shared bus system with an example.
(e) Explain the need of error detection and correction. What is a parity bit? How a
parity bit can be used for the purpose of error detection?
(f) What is addressing? List and explain any two addressing schemes with the help
of an example of each.

2.
(a) Simplify the following Boolean expression using K-Map
(
)

Also, draw the logic circuit for the simplified Boolean expression.
(b) What is an interrupt? Explain use of interrupt in assembly programming with an
example.
(c) What is a hardwired control unit? Explain its advantages.

3.
(a) Draw a combinational circuit for 3-bit odd parity generator. Also make truth
table for it.
(b) What is random access memory (RAM)? Briefly explain working of RAM.
(c) Perform the following arithmetic operations on 8 bit numbers using 2's
complement notation. Indicate overflow/underflow, if any :
(i) 57-48
(ii) -82 + 41

4.
(a) What are four types of segments in 8086 assembly programming? Explain the use
of ASSUME directive with an example.

CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

(b) What are the four general purpose registers in 8086? Explain uses of each of
them.
(c) What is redundant array of independent disk (RAID)? Explain three basic
characteristics of RAID.

5.
(a) Write an assembly program to add two 8 bit numbers.
(b) Differentiate between synchronous and asynchronous circuits. Also explain the
need of a flip-flop in circuit design with the help of an example.
(c) Explain the following terms with the help of example/diagram/illustrations, if
needed.
(i) Assembler
(ii) Memory hierarchy.

CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

Dec 2010
1.
(a) Simplify the following Boolean function using SOP form using K - Map.

(b) What are decoders? Depict the logic diagram and truth table of a 3 x 8 decoder.
(c) What are Micro Operations? Explain the four types of micro operations in digital
computers.
(d) Explain the process of machine start up using a suitable diagram.
(e) Write a program in 8086 assembly language to copy five elements byte array to
another location in the data segment. Make suitable assumptions, if any.
(f) Define the following terms:
(i) Linker
(ii) COM programs
(iii) Interleaved memory system
(iv) Clock cycle
(v) Flag register

2.
(a) Write a program in assembly language to convert an ASCII number to its
hexadecimal equivalent.
(b) What is Master-Slave flip flop? Discuss its working and show how the race
around condition is eliminated in this flip flop.
(c) Perform the following binary arithmetic operations using 2's complement
notation.
( )
(i)
( )
( )
(ii) ( )
( )
(iii) (
)

3. Differentiate between the following:

(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

Ripple and Ring counter

Programming and Microprogramming
JK flip flop and S-R flip-flop
RAM and ROM

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CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

(v) Full Adder and Half Adder

4.
(a) What will be the result of execution of the following 8086 assembly language
instructions
AL= 01010101
BL= 10101010
(i) CMP AL, BL
(ii) ADD AL, BL AAA
(iii) ROR BL, 04
(b) What are Interrupts and why are they important? Explain the different types of
interrupts. Write the steps of an Interrupt Service Routine.
(c) What are Optical Memories? Explain their layout and block format.

5.
(a) Explain the Bus Interconnection structure. Explain the following terms w.r.t. the
bus.
(i) Dedicated or Multiplexed Buses
(ii) Daisy chaining
(iii) Polling
(b) What is Cache Memory? Explain its organisation and utility. Explain the set
associative mapping scheme of cache with the help of a suitable diagram.
(c) The various registers for 8086 microprocessor have values as

Find the physical address of the top of the stack

CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

June 2010
1.
(a) Do the following conversions.
(i) (
)
( )
(ii) (
)
( )
(iii) (
)
( )
(iv) (
)
( )
(v) (
)
( )
(vi) ( )
( )
(b) Explain the following terms w.r.t. Modular Programming in 3086 microprocessor?
(i) For and Near Procedures
(ii) Parameter Passing
(c) Simplify the following Boolean function using SOP form, using K-Map.
(
)
(
)
(d) Explain the following terms with the of an example / diagram, if needed.
(i) Zero and one address instruction scheme.
(ii) Hard wired control unit
(e) Write an 8086 assembly language program to count the number of characters in a
string stored in the Data Segment.

2.
(a) Explain the Hamming Error Correcting Code method for detecting and
Correcting single bit error in the data, with the help of an example.
(b) What is an Arithmetic Processor and why is it needed? Explain the two
mechanisms for connecting arithmetic processor to the CPU.
(c) Explain the syntax and function of the following data transfer instructions
MOVE, PUSH.

3.
(a) What are Addressing Modes? Explain any four addressing modes that are used
for programming.
(b) . Write a program in 8086 assembly language
(c) to find if a number is prime or not.
(d) What is an instruction? Explain the format of an instruction. Explain the various
categories of instructions.

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CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

4. Explain the following:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)

Programmable Logic Array

Programmer Visible Registers
Interrupts
Micro instruction formats
Is and 2s complement arithmetic

5.
(a) What are counters? Explain the two types of counters, with the help of suitable
examples.
(b) Explain the use of interrupt INT 21h in
(i) Input/Output
(ii) Exiting the program
With the help of suitable 8086 assembly programs.
(c) What is DMA? Explain its working, the possible data transfer modes and
configurations of a DMA.

CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

Dec 2009
1.
(a) Find the binary equivalent of (4BC8)16.
(b) Write an 8086 assembly language program that adds two two-digit unpacked
BCD numbers.
(c) Simplify the expression using K-Map in SOP form.
(
)

Also, draw the logic circuit for the simplified expression.
(d) Describe the process of error detection and correction. What is the use of parity
bit? Can it be used in identifying the location of error? Justify your answer.
(e) Draw and discuss the block diagram for the generation of the next address in a
micro programmed control unit.
(f) The register of processor has following values:
A L = 0011 0011
B L = 1100 1100
C L = 1111 1111
DL = 0000 0111
What will be the value of various registers after following operations are
performed:
(i) Mask AL with DL
(ii) Increment CL
(iii) Selective set BL using DL
(iv) Shift Arithmetic left DL
(v) Add AL and BL and store result in AL.

2.
(a) Construct a full-adder circuit using one or more decoders.
(b) Write three differences between following :
(i) Associative and set associative mapping in cache.
(ii) Master slave flip flop and a simple RS flip flop.
(iii) Magnetic disk and CD-ROM.
(c) Design a 4 bit synchronous counter, and explain its working.

3.
(a) An 8-bit input member 01010111 on transmission is received as 01000110. How
can the SEC code be used to rectify the error in the received data?

CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

(b) Represent the following numbers using IEEE 32-bit floating point format:
(i)
(ii)
(c) Compare and contrast unencoded and highly encoded micro-instructions.

4.
(a) Write a 8086 assembly program to change uppercase letters to lowercase and
vice- versa. Assume the sting is stored in data register.
(b) Perform the following arithmetic operations on 8-bit numbers using 2's
complement notation. Indicate overflow/underflow, if any:
(i) -48-57
(ii) -75 + 48
(iii) 76-(-38)
(iv) 96-88
(c) Can a machine have zero address instruction? Justify your answer with the help
of an example.

5.
(a) Draw the circuit for 4 bit ROM having four words and explain the design.
(b) What is independent addressing scheme of bus arbitration? How is it different to
polling? Which one of the two is more advantageous and why?
(c) Can the segments in 8086 microprocessor overlap? Justify your answer.

10

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CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

June 2009
1.
(a) Using 2's complement notation performs the following arithmetic operations
using 8-bit register.
(
)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
( )
(v)
Also write overflow/underflow if any.
(b) Write a program for evaluating A * B / C + D/E F using 2 address and 3 address
machine instructions. Make assumptions, if required.
(c) How can a stack be used for implementing 4 a subroutine call? Can this scheme
be used to pass parameter also? Justify your answer.
(d) Write program in 8086 assembly language 5. to count the number of vowels in a
given string. Assume that 20 byte long string is stored in data segment.
(e) Draw an arithmetic pipeline for floating 5 point subtraction.
(f) What is RAID? What are RAID levels? 5 Explain any two levels giving data
distribution and advantages/ disadvantages of that level.

2.
(a) What is the need of having many addressing 5 modes in a machine? Explain any
four most important addressing modes for your machine and justify your
selection.
(b) Design a combinational circuit that 5 generate an odd parity bit for four digit
number input.
(c) Give block diagram of DMA controller. How 5 does CPU initialize the DMA
transfer?

3.
(a) Write a program in 8086 assembly language to display a string stored in the data
segment on the computer monitor, only if the first character of the string is an
uppercase alphabet.
(b) Compare the various advantages and disadvantages of isolated mapped I/O
scheme and memory mapped I/O scheme.

11

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CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

(c) "Counter is a register". Justify your answer. Draw and explain the working
principles of a 4-bit asynchronous ripple counter.

4.
(a) Show that {NAND} is a functionally complete set of gates. Use it to construct the
OR, AND and NOT gates.
(b) Draw the circuit for 4-bit ROM having four words and explain the design.
(c) What is an interrupt? How is the interrupt 21 h used in 8086 microprocessor?

5. Design a floating Point Number format for the following requirements:

Base: 2
Mantissa: Normalized, should hold 4 significant decimal digits.
Exponent: Biased exponent in the range of
+25 single precision.
Make suitable assumptions, if any.

12

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CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

Dec 2008
1.
(a) Perform the following arithmetic operations using 8-bit registers. Use binary
signed l's complement

notation. Indicate overflow/underflow, if any:

(i)
(
)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(b) Simplify the following Boolean functions using Sum-of-Product form, using KMaps.
(

(
)
(c) Write a program for evaluating the following expression using zero address
instruction format
(d) What is the need of an Input-Output Processor? Suggest a method by which an
Input/output Processor can be connected to slow devices.
(e) What is an interrupt? Why do they occur? What is IVT in 8086 micro-processor?
How is it useful in Interrupt processing? Explain this with the help of an example
for 8086 micro-processor.

2.
(a) Draw the logic circuit for one stage of full adder. Draw the block diagram for
adding two four-bit numbers.
(b) The 8-bit registers, initially have the following values:

Determine the values in each register after the execution of the following
sequence of micro-operations.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

13

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CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

(c) What is the purpose of Single Error Correcting (SEC) code? What do you mean
by error correction? Explain with the help of an example.

3.
(a) What is bus arbitration? Explain the Daisy Chaining and Polling schemes with
the help of diagram for each.
(b) Describe the need of multiplexer in a system. How is it different from decoder?
Draw logic diagrams of

multiplexer and

decoder.

(c) Explain any four differences between horizontal and vertical micro-instruction
formats.

4.
(a) What is the need of many addressing modes in a machine? Give four addressing
modes that must be present in a machine. Justify your selection.
(b) How does CALL instruction improve the 8086 assembly programming? Explain
two differences between FAR and NEAR procedure calls in 8086 micro-processor
with the help of a suitable example for each case.
(c) Explain four important differences between associative mapping & set
associative mapping in cache.

5.
(a) What is RAID? What are RAID levels? Explain any two giving data distribution
and advantages/disadvantages of that level.
(b) What is a synchronous counter? How is it different from ripple counter? Where
are ripple counters used? Draw the logic diagram of 3-bit ripple counter.
(c) Write a program in 8086 assembly language to transfer an array of 10 elements
stored in memory to another location in the memory. Make suitable
assumptions, if any.

14

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CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

June 2008
1.
(a) Convert the following :
(i)

Decimal number 48.135 to binary

(ii)

Binary number 1101111.0011 to octal

(iii) Binary number 11011101.1101 to hexadecimal

(iv) Hexadecimal number ACF02 to decimal
(b) Explain the following addressing schemes with one example for each :
(i)

Immediate addressing

(ii)

Base addressing

(iii) Register indirect addressing

(iv) Stack addressing
(c) Explain the following Data transfer instructions of 8086 with the help of an
example for each:
(i)

XLAT

(ii)

POP

(iii) LDS
(iv) MOV
(d) Map the function having four variables in a Karnaugh's map and simplify:
(

2.
(a) Design and explain a 3 x 8 decoder.
(b) List and explain the purpose of programmer visible registers.

3.
(a) With the help of a block diagram, explain the Bus Interface unit and the
Execution unit of 8086 CPU.
(b) Write an assembly language program which divides a 32-bit number by a 8-bit
number.

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CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

16

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CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION

4.
(a) What is an Interrupt? Explain the step-by-step procedure to process an interrupt.
(b) Draw the block diagram and explain the functioning of Wilkes Control Unit.

5. Explain the following:

(i)

Multiplexer

(ii)

Master-Slave flip flop using J-K flip flop

(iii) Direct Memory Access

(iv) Magnetic Bubble Memory
(v)

17

Half Adder

CS-64: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ORGANISATION