Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The fundamental units that make up all living things are called cells.
When cells cluster together and perform the same function, they are called tissues.
When tissues cluster together and perform the same function, they are called organs.
Organs cluster together to form organ systems, which result in the total organism.
All cells on Earth
A) Are enclosed in a membrane that maintains internal conditions different from the
surroundings.
B) Have DNA as the genetic material.
C) Can interconvert forms of energy.
D) Can interconvert chemical materials.
Every cell has three things in common:
1. Metabolic functions (using up oxygen and sugars). The sum of all of the chemical
reactions that occur in a cell collectively are called metabolism.
2. Responds to its environment
3. Capable of maintaining homeostasis within itself and within the body.
HOMEOSTASIS is maintaining a balanced internal environment, such as temperature,
pH, glucose levels, etc.
Some of these proteins will be used to make enzymes. Enzymes are required for the
cell to undergo various reactions. Elevated body temperatures may denature
enzymes.
5. GOLGI COMPLEX
The Golgi apparatus is a complex system of membranous channels and saccules
continuous with the plasma membrane.
Function of Golgi complex:
a. Packages the proteins made by the RER and sends them where they need
to go (like a UPS center!)
6. SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (no ribosomes)
Function of SER
a. Involved in metabolism (making use of carbohydrates (sugars) and lipids (fats).
b. Stores calcium (necessary for every cell)
c. Detoxifies harmful substances (alcohol, drugs, etc)
i. NOTE: in CSI, when they suspect poisoning, they first look at the SER
in the liver.