CLASS TREMATODA FLUKES"

SUBCLASS: Digenea (Digentic Flikes)

CLASSIFICATION:
1. Accdg. To habitat
a. LIVER FLUKES:
-Fasciola hepatica
-Clonorchis sinensis
-Opisthorchis felineus
-Dicrocoelium dendritiicum
b. INESTINAL FLUKES:
-Fasciolopsis buski
-Echinostoma ilocanum
-Heterophys heteophyes
Heterohpyi
-Metagonimus yokogawai
c. LUNG FLUKE:
-Paragonimus westermani
d. BLOOD FLUKES:
-Schistosoma japonicum
-Schistosoma mansoni
-Schistosoma hamatobium
2. Accdg. To Reproductive System (RS)
A. MONOECIOUS
-no separate sexes
-both male and female RS are
contained in the same body
i.
LIVER FLUKES
ii.
INTESTINAL FLUKES
iii.
LUNG FLUKES
B. DIOECIOUS
-have separate sexes
-male and female RS are contained in
different bodies
i.
BLOOD FLUKES
MONOECIOUS FLUKES
Gen. Char.:
1. Flattened dorsoventrally
2. Body w/ holes/pores
3. Leaf-shaped on ovoid & unsegmented
4. Heteroxenous
5. Acoelomate
EXTERNAL PARTS:
1. ORAL SUCKERS
-anterior end
-for attachment
-surrounds oral end or mouth area
-acetabulum
2. VENTRAL SUCKERS
-acetabulum for attachment
3. GENITAL SUCKER/GONOTYLE:
commonly among heterophyids

*Heterophyes- separate fr. Ventral

sucker
*Metagonimus- fused w/ ventral
suckers
4. GENITAL PORE
-pint of meeting of the male and
female RS
5. TEGUMENT: acellular; actively motile
May have:
a. Spikes or
b. Tubercles or
c. Ridges
INTERNAL PARTS:
1. EXCRETORY SYSTEM
2. NERVOUS SYSTEM
3. VASCULAR SYSTEM
4. ALIMENTARY SYSTEM
-characzed by anterior end
(mouth/oral cavity)
surrounded by oral suckers
-pharynx
--esophagus
-intestines: bifurcated into 2 (ceca)
: does not open externally
-NO ANUS
-incomplete digestive system
-inverted Y shape
5. RERODUCTIVE SYSTEM
-both male and female RS contained in
1 body
A. FEMALE RS
MORPHOLOGY: of ovary
-round/ subglbose
-lobat/lobed
-branched/dendritic
B. MALE RS
MORPHOLOGY: testes (2)
-oval
-lobed/obate
-branched/dendritic
ARRANGEMENT of Testes:
a. In tandem

:
..

b. Side by side
c. Oblique (diagonal)
***Generally, testes are posterior to
the ovary except in Dicrocoelium
wherein the testes are located
anteriorly and the vary is located
posteriorly relative to testes.
VITELLARIA: yolk gland; located
lateral margins
a. Branched/dendritic

b. Follicular (in Heterophyids)

c. Granular/aggregates
STAGES in the LIFE CYCLE:
1. EGGS
a. Operculated, immature
-F. hepatica
-F. buski
-E. ilocanum
-P. Westermani
b. Operculated, mature
-C. sinensis
-O. felineus
-H. heterohyes
-D. dendriticum
-M. yokogawai
2. LARVAL STAGES
a. Miraciduim
b. Sporocysyt
-another larval stage
-irregular shape; ooidal; saclike
-brood chamber for the envt of
another larva
-has several germ cells to develop
multiple rediae
-Mother sporocyst/ 1st generation
-Daughter sporocyst/2nd generation
c. Redia

d. Cercaria
-elliptical body w/ tail containing
internal organs similar w/ the adult
TYPES of CERCARIA
I.
LOPHOCERCUS
1. SIMPLE TAILED
a. Fasciola
b. Fasciolopsis
c. Echinostoma
d. Dicrocoelium
2. KEELED-TAIL
a. Clonorchis
b. Opishorchis
c. Heterophyes
II.
MICROCERCUS
-has nob like tail with hooks
a. Paragonimus
e. Metacercaria
-encysted in the tissue of host
3. ADULTS
Heteroxenous
1. Definitive host (variety of animals
including man)
2. Intermediate host
1st IH
2nd IH