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Butterworth Filter
Lecture by
R. Sivarajan, Assistant Professor
Adhiparasakthi Engineering College
Magnitude Response
The magnitude function of the butterworth low pass filter is
given by
---------------(1)
where, N is the order of the filter, and
c is the cut off frequency.
Magnitude Response
Magnitude Response
As shown in the figure above, the function is monotonically
decreasing, where the maximum response is unity at =0.
The ideal response is shown by dashed line.
It can be seen that the magnitude response approaches the
ideal low pass characteristics as the order N increases.
For values <c, H(j) =1, For values >c, the values
of H(j) decreases.
At =c, the curve pass through 0.707 which corresponds
to -3 dB point.
----------------------(1a)
Let us derive the transfer function of a stable filter. For this
purpose, substituting =s/j, we can write
-------------------(2)
Lecture by R. Sivarajan, AP/ECE/APEC
------------------(3)
We know that for N odd, the roots can be obtained from
equation (2).
For N = 3,
Denominator of H(s)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Lecture by R. Sivarajan, AP/ECE/APEC
--------------(7)
Lecture by R. Sivarajan, AP/ECE/APEC
Lecture by R. Sivarajan, AP/ECE/APEC
-------------------(8)
where,
and