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Alex T.

Zhao
Gregg Kerr
IB Chemistry HL
January 30, 2013
Solubility and Amphoteric properties of some metallic hydroxides
Objectives:
The first objective of this lab is to examine the solubilities of a
selection of metallic hydroxides and to identify any generalizations that
can be made
The second objective is to identify which of the metallic hydroxides
investigated are amphoteric.
Equipment:
Test tubes (several)
Test tube rack
Sodium hydroxide solution
[NaOH] 0.1 mol dm-3 (50
mL)
Sodium hydroxide solution
[NaOH] 2 mol dm-3 (30 mL)
Hydrochloric acid [HCl] 2
mol dm-3 (30 mL)
Solutions of following in
dropping bottles (0.1 mol
dm-3)
o KNO3
o AgNO3
o PB(NO3)2
o MgSO4
o FeSO4
o CuSO4
o ZnSO4
o Cr2(SO4)3
o Al2(SO4)3
o BaCl2
o CaCl2
o FeCl3
Beakers (three 100 mL)
Droppers (three)

IB Chemistry HL Lab 8

February 18, 2013

Soluti
ons to
be
tested

KNO3

AgNO3

C
a
t
i
o
n
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
K
+

Limited
NaOH
(0.1
mol L-1)

Excess HCl
(mol L-1)

A
g

brown

Milky White

Darker
brown

P
b

Milky
white

Milky White

Milkier
white

Pb(NO3
)2

IB Chemistry HL Lab 8

Excess
NaOH
(2 mol
L-1)

February 18, 2013

MgSO4

M
g

Light
white

Colorless;
clear
solution w/
oily texture
Bright
Orange

Light
white

Dark
green

Dark
Green

Blue

Ocean blue;
clear oily
texture

Darker
blue

Light
White

Colorless;
oily texture

Colorle
ss; oily
texture

Light
white

Emerald
green

Emeral
d
green

Milky
White

Clear
solution

Clear
solutio
n

Powder
White

Colorless;
oily texture

Powder
White

Light
White

Colorless;
clear oily
texture

Thicker
White

Dark
Orange

Lighter
orange;
yellow (back
to original
color)

Darker
orange
; red

FeSO4

F
e
2

CuSO4

C
u
2

ZnSO4

Z
n
2

Cr2(SO4
)3

C
r
3

Al2(SO4
)3

A
l
3

BaCl2

B
a
2

CaCl2

C
a
2

FeCl3

F
e
3

Data Collection:
Processing of results, and questions
1. From your observations in column 3 of the table can you make any
generalizations about the solubilities of metallic hydroxies related to
the periodic table?
a.Group 1 metal hydroxides are always soluble. Transitional
metals are mostly insoluble. Group 2 metal hydroxides are
mostly insoluble, except carbon.

IB Chemistry HL Lab 8

February 18, 2013

2. Classify the metallic hydroxides in this experiment into three


categoriessoluble, insoluble and amphoteric.

Soluble
Insoluble
Amphoteric
KOH
AgOH
Al(OH)2
Mg(OH)2
Pb(OH)2
Cr(OH)3
Cu(OH)2
Fe(OH)3
Zn(OH)2
Ba(OH)2
Fe(OH)2
Ca(OH)2

3. Write equations for the


a.Precipitation of any insoluble hydroxides:

AgNO3 + NaOH AgOH + NaNO3

Pb(NO3)2 + 2NaOH Pb(OH) 2 + 2NaNO3

MgSO4 + 2NaOH Mg(OH)2 + Na2(SO4)

FeSO4 + 2NaOH Fe(OH)2 + Na2(SO4)

CuSO4+ 2NaOH Cu(OH)2 + Na2(SO4)

ZnSO4+ 2NaOH Zn(OH)2 + Na2(SO4)

Cr2(SO4)3+ 2NaOH 2Cr(OH)3 + Na2(SO4)

Al2(SO4)3+ 2NaOH 2Al(OH)3 + Na2(SO4)

BaCl2+ 2NaOH Ba(OH)2+ 2NaCl

FeCl3+ 3NaOH Fe(OH)3+ 3NaCl


b. Dissolving of any precipitates in dilute HCl

2AgOH + 2HCl 2AgCl + 2H2O

Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl MgCl2 + 2H2O

Fe(OH)2 + 2HCl FeCl2 + 2H2O

Cu(OH)2 + 2HCl CuCl2 + 2H2O

Zn(OH)2 + 2HCl ZnCl2 + 2H2O

Cr(OH)3 + 3HCl CrCl3 + 3H2O

Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O

Ba(OH)2 + 2HCl BaCl2 + 2H2O

Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl FeCl3 + 3H2O


c. Dissolving of any precipitates in dilute NaOH

Pb(OH)2 + NaOH Na[Pb(OH)3]

Zn(OH)2 + NaOH Na[Zn(OH)3]

Cr(OH)3 + NaOH Na[Cr(OH)4]

Al(OH)2 + NaOH Na[Al(OH)4]

IB Chemistry HL Lab 8

February 18, 2013

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