Reproductive success and pollination system

of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.)

in Pakuwon, West Java

Endah Retno Palupi1, Ade Sukma Ahmad2 and Eni Randriani3

1Dept. Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University
2Alumni of Dept. Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University
3Indonesian Centre for Estate Crops Research and Development
 Background

1. Accessions have been explored and collected

2. Productivity is low, therefore needs to be improved
3. Mass selection increases productivity of the
improved-population (IP)
 Background

1. Productivity of IP-1: 4-5 t/ha/yr (after fourth year)

2. Productivity of IP-2: 7-8 t/ha/yr (after fourth year)
3. Productivity of IP-3: about 9-10 t/ha/yr (under
observation)
4. Long term breeding plan: introgression, i.e. cross-
pollination
 Objectives

1. To investigate the reproductive success of the

accessions
2. To study pollination system of Jatropha
Material and methods

Study site
Jatropha Seed Orchard
Pakuwon, Sukabumi, West Java

Materials
Four years old trees from four accessions i.e.
Lampung, Banten, West Java and Central Java

Research period
April - July 2007
 Material and methods

Reproductive success: the number of ovules

which develop into viable seeds (Wiens et al., 1987)

Observation on 20 trees each of the four accessions (OP):

no. pistilate (female) flower/inflorescence
no. staminate (male) flower/inflorescence
no. fruit/inflorescence
no. ovule/pistil
no. seed/mature fruit

Data analysis: completely randomized design

Male, female and hermaphroditic flowers
OVULES
Material and methods

Pollination system
1. SP-intra: self-pollinated with pollen from the same
inflorescence
2. SP-inter: self-pollinated with pollen from different
inflorescence of the same plant
3. CP-intra: cross-pollinated between plants within an
accession
4. CP-inter: cross-pollinated between accessions (acc.
South Sulawesi was used as pollen donor)
Controlled pollination
Material and methods

Observations:
fruit set from self- and cross-pollination
index of self-incompatibility
germination percentage
speed of germination

Data analysis: split-plot design

 Research Results

Reproductive characters of the four accession

Accession Inflo/tree Stam. inflo (%) Female fl./inflo

Lampung 3.75b 14.10 5.21
Banten 5.02a 21.36 5.50
W Java 2.58c 15.09 3.70
C Java 3.26bc 17.14 5.02
Note: Average of 20 trees/accession
 Research Results

Reproductive success of the four accessions

Accession Fl/Inf Ov/Fl Fr/Inf Sd/Fr Fr/Fl Sd/Ov RS
Lampung 4.93 3.01 3.80 2.36 0.77ab 0.78 0.61b
Banten 5.33 3.00 3.69 2.27 0.69b 0.76 0.53b
W Java 3.50 3.01 2.62 2.28 0.75b 0.76 0.59b
C Java 4.63 3.02 3.98 2.57 0.86a 0.85 0.73a
Note: Inf: inflorescence, Fl: flower, Ov: ovule, Fr: fruit, Sd: seed,
RS: reproductive success
Research Results

Index of self-incompatibility (ISI): ratio of fruit set

from self-pollination to cross-pollination

ISI classification (Zapata and Arroyo, 1978):

1. ISI≥1 self-compatible
2. 0.2<ISI<1 partially self-incompatible
3. ISI<0.2 mostly self-incompatible
4. ISI=0 completely self-incompatible
 Research Results

Fruit set and seed set from self- and cross-pollination

Fruit set Seed set Fruit
Pollination (%) (%) abortion (%) ISI

SP-intra 75 54 26
SP-inter 60 47 41 0.98
partially self-
CP-intra 64 45 33 incompatible
CP-inter 73 55 27
Average 68 50 32
 Research Results

Effect of accession and pollination system

on germination percentage

Accession SP-intra SP-inter CP-intra CP-inter

Lampung 96.67a 82.22abcde 81.82abcde 69.84e

Banten 90.48ab 92.31ab 90.91ab 97.44a

W Java 72.22de 73.33cde 89.58abc 77.08bcde

C Java 95.83a 88.89abcd 85.97abcde 40.48f

NORMAL AND ABNORMAL SEEDLINGS
 Research Results

Effect of accession and pollination system

on speed of germination (%/day)

Accession SP-intra SP-inter CP-intra CP-inter

Lampung 8.53ab 7.47bcd 7.42bcd 6.55cd

Banten 8.00abc 8.18ab 8.13ab 9.30a
W Java 6.60cd 6.39d 8.33ab 7.20bcd
C Java 8.34ab 7.99abc 8.24ab 3.53e
 Conclusion

1. The highest reproductive success was from West

Java of 0.73 and the lowest from Banten of
0.53.
2. Jatropha is partly self-incompatible with index of
self-incompatibility of 0.98
3. Pollen source did not affect fruit set and seed set
but seed germination and speed of germination
Acknowledgement

Indonesian Centre for Estate Crops

Research and Development
TERIMA KASIH