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Contents
Acknowledgments
Preface
1

Number System and Digital Logic Review

1.1 Learning Objectives
1.2 Binary Data
1.3 Unsigned Number Conversion
1.4 Binary and Hex Arithmetic
1.5 Combinational Logic Functions
1.6 Combinational Building Blocks
1.7 Sequential Logic
1.8 Sequential Building Blocks
1.9 Encoding Character Data
Summary
Review Exercises

The Stored Program Machine

2.1 Learning Objectives
2.2 Problem Solving the Digital Way
2.3 Finite State Machine Design
2.4 A Stored Program Machine
2.5 Modern Computers
Summary
Review Problems

Introduction to the PIC18Fxx2

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

Learning Objectives
Introduction to Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
The PIC18Fxx2 Microcontroller
Data Memory Organization and Data Transfer

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3.5 Basic Arithmetic and Control Instructions

3.6 A PIC18 Assembly Language Program
3.7 The Clock and Instruction Execution
Summary
Review Problems

Unsigned 8-Bit Arithmetic, Logical, Conditional Operations

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4.1 Learning Objectives

4.2 Bitwise Logical Operations, Bit Operations
4.3 The STATUS Register
4.4 Unsigned Conditional Tests
4.5 Looping
4.6 Shifts and Rotates
Summary
Review Problems

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Extended Precision and Signed Operations

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5.1 Learning Objectives

5.2 Extended Precision Integers
5.3 Extended Precision Operations
5.4 Signed Number Representation
5.5 Twos Complement Overflow
5.6 Operations on Signed Data
5.7 Branch Instruction Encoding
Summary
Review Problems

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Subroutines and Pointers

6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7

Learning Objectives
Subroutines
The Stack and Call/Return
Implementing Subroutines in Assembly Language
Arrays and Pointers in C
Arrays and Pointers in Assembly Language
Accessing Table Data from Program Memory

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6.8 Subroutines and Stack Frames: Dynamic Allocation

Summary
Review Problems

Advanced Assembly Language: Higher Math

7.1 Learning Objectives
7.2 Multiplication
7.3 Division
7.4 Fixed-Point and Saturating Arithmetic
7.5 Floating-Point Number Representation
7.6 BCD Arithmetic
7.7 ASCII Data Conversion
Summary
Review Problems

The PIC18Fxx2: System Startup and Parallel Port IO

8.1 Learning Objectives
8.2 High-Level Languages versus Assembly Language
8.3 C Compilation for the PIC18F242
8.4 PIC18F242 Startup Schematic
8.5 ledflash.cThe First C Program for PIC18F242 Startup
8.6 Datasheet ReadingA Critical Skill
8.7 PIC18Fxx2 Reset Sources
8.8 Experimenting with RESET, SLEEP, and the Watchdog Timer
8.9 Parallel Port Operation
8.10 LED/Switch IO and State Machine Programming
8.11 Interfacing to an LCD Module
Summary
Review Problems

Asynchronous Serial IO
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4

Learning Objectives
IO Channel Basics
Synchronous Serial IO
Asynchronous Serial IO

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9.5 The PIC18Fxx2 USART

9.6 The RS232 Standard
9.7 Serial IO Examples
Summary
Review Problems

10

Interrupts and a First Look at Timers

10.1 Learning Objectives
10.2 Interrupt Basics
10.3 PIC18 Interrupt Details
10.4 Interrupt-Driven Asynchronous Serial Data Input
10.5 Using a Software FIFO with Interrupt-Driven IO
10.6 Other Interrupt Sources, Sleep Mode
10.7 State Machine Programming for Interrupt-Driven IO
10.8 The Timer Subsystem: Timer2
10.9 Switch Debouncing Using a Timer
10.10 A Rotary Encoder Interface
10.11 A Numeric Keypad Interface
10.12 On Writing and Debugging ISRs
Summary
Review Problems

11

Synchronous Serial IO
11.1 Learning Objectives
11.2 The PIC18 and Synchronous Serial IO
11.3 USART Synchronous Mode
11.4 The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
11.5 SPI Examples: A Digital Potentiometer and a Serial EEPROM
11.6 The I2C Bus
11.7 The I2C on the PIC18Fxx2
11.8 The 24LC515 Serial EEPROM
11.9 Double Buffering for Interrupt-Driven Writes
Summary
Review Problems

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Data Conversion
12.1 Learning Objectives
12.2 Data Conversion Basics
12.3 Analog-to-Digital Conversion
12.4 PIC18Fxx2 Analog-to-Digital Converter
12.5 Digital-to-Analog Conversion
12.6 Digital-to-Analog Converter Example: The MAXIM 518
Summary
Review Problems

13

Timers
13.1 Learning Objectives
13.2 The Timer0 Subsystem
13.3 The Timer1 and Timer3 Subsystems
13.4 Pulse Width Measurement Using Capture Mode
13.5 Timer1/Timer3 Compare Mode
13.6 Using Capture Mode for Infrared Decoding
13.7 Timer2 and Pulse Width Modulation
13.8 Using Capture Mode for Frequency Measurement
Summary
Review Problems

14

Capstone: Audio Sampling, Monitoring System,

and Autonomous Robot
14.1 Learning Objectives
14.2 Design of an Audio Record/Playback System
14.3 Implementation of an Audio Record/Playback System
14.4 Design of a Home Monitoring System
14.5 The DS1621 Digital Thermometer
14.6 Using the Nonvolatile Storage on the PIC18Fxx2
14.7 Implementation of a Home Monitoring System
14.8 Design and Implementation of an Autonomous Robot
Summary
Suggested Project Modifications

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Beyond the PIC18Fxx2

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15.1 Learning Objectives

15.2 External Memory Interfacing
15.3 Other PIC Family Members
15.4 Bus Arbitration in I2C
15.5 The Controller Area Network (CAN)
15.6 The Universal Serial Bus (USB)
15.7 A Brief Survey of Non-PIC Microcontrollers
15.8 Real-Time Operating Systems
Summary
Suggested Survey Topics

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Appendix A PIC18Fxx2 Architecture, Instruction Set, Register Summary

537

Appendix B Microchip MPLAB Quickstart

549

Appendix C HI-TECH PICC-18 C Compiler Demo for the PIC18F242

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Appendix D Notes on the C Language

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D.1
D.2
D.3
D.4

Formatted IO (PRINTF, SCANF, SPRINTF,

For C++ Programmers
For New Programmers
For Experienced C Programmers

SSCANF)

Appendix E Suggested Laboratory Exercises

E.1
E.2
E.3
E.4
E.5
E.6
E.7
E.8

Lab Setup
Experiment 1: A Stored Program Machine (Chapters 1, 2)
Experiment 2: PIC18xx2 Introduction (Chapter 3)
Experiment 3: Unsigned 8-Bit Operations (Chapter 4)
Experiment 4: Extended Precision and Signed Operations (Chapter 5)
Experiment 5: Pointers and Subroutines (Chapter 6)
Experiment 6: Hardware Startup (Chapter 8)
Experiment 7: LED/Switch IO and Introduction to Asynchronous
Serial IO (Chapters 8, 9)
E.9 Experiment 8: Interrupts (Chapter 10)

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E.10 Experiment 9: More Interrupts, the I2C Bus, and a Serial EEPROM
(Chapter 11)
E.11 Experiment 10: Introduction to Data Conversion (Chapter 12)
E.12 Experiment 11: Timer Introduction and Waveform Generation
(Chapters 10, 13)
E.13 Experiment 12: Time Measurement and IR Waveform Decoding
(Chapter 13)
E.14 Experiment 13: Audio Record/Playback (Chapter 14)
E.15 Hardware Debugging Checklist
E.16 Instrumentation and Prototyping Hints

Appendix F The Jolt/Colt Serial Bootloaders

F.1
F.2
F.3
F.4

Programming the Jolt/Colt Firmware

Jolt Installation
Running Jolt
Colt Bootloader Installation and Execution

Appendix G Circuits 001

G.1 Voltage, Current, Resistance
G.2 Capacitors

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Appendix H References

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Appendix I Answers to Review Problems

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I.1 Chapter 1
I.2 Chapter 2
I.3 Chapter 3
I.4 Chapter 4
I.5 Chapter 5
I.6 Chapter 6
I.7 Chapter 7
I.8 Chapter 8
I.9 Chapter 9
I.10 Chapter 10
I.11 Chapter 11
I.12 Chapter 12

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I.13 Chapter 13

Appendix J About the CD-ROM

J.1 General System Requirements

Index

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