CDP Kakarhati English

Urban Administration and Development Department
Government of Madhya Pradesh

CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN-KAKARHATI, PANNA
Urban Administration & Development

Department
Govt. of Madhya Pradesh
City Development Plan Kakarhati

District Panna, MP
Submitted by
Coordinated by
City Manager Association

Madhya Pradesh
SGS Infotech, Gurgaon
SGS Infotech
Gurgaon
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Executive Summary
Introduction
Urban centers have a vital role in Indias socio-economic transformation and change. Urban centers
account for 30% of the total population, notwithstanding, most cities and towns are severely stressed in
terms of infrastructure and service availability, and their growth and development is constrained by
indifferent implementation of the 74th Constitution Amendment Act (CAA), 1992. The Government of
India launched the JNNURM in 3rd December 2005. The aim of the Mission is to encourage reforms
driven, fast track, planned development of identified cities with focus on efficiency in urban
infrastructure and service delivery mechanisms, community participation, and accountability of Urban
Local Bodies (ULB) towards citizens. In continuation with JNNURM, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh launched
MPUSP for the state. Urban centers of Madhya Pradesh State face the challenge of meeting the
requirements of the growing population with limited resources. To cope up with increasing challenges
that have emerged as a result of rapid urban growth, it is imperative to illustrate a coherent vision and
strategy for implementation of projects aimed towards achieving the outlined vision.
Role of UADD in CDP Preparation
For planned urban growth and development, Urban Administration and Development Department
(UADD), GoMP has taken the initiative to prepare the City Development Plan of Kakarhati. The primary
aim of the project is to formulate strategies as well as a City Investment Plan (CIP), based on which
Kakarhati Nagar Parishad will be able to access funds under GoI schemes as well as from other sources.
To attain the said objectives, UADD has appointed SGS Infotech as a consultant.
Objective of City Development Plan
The aim of the study was to prepare City Development Plan through which a strategic framework for city
development actions in the medium term has been evolved and prepared, guided by a shared and
collective vision, and aimed at delivering sustainable economic development and poverty reduction.
Process of Preparation of CDP
The City Development Plan offers both a perspective and a vision for the future development of the city
and involves an extensive consultative process. This CDP addresses the following issues:
Where are we now?
Where do we want to go?
What do we need to address on apriority basis?
What intervention do we make in order to attain the vision?
Sectors and Core Issues

One of the key components of the City Development Plan is long term strategic Vision for development of
the city. This Vision defines the objective of the city in terms of its long-term aspirations. Supporting this
Vision is a set of development objectives. These objectives put forward specific targets that the city
wishes to achieve in a given time frame. The sectors covered in the CDP are:
Demography
Economy & Urban Development
Basic Infrastructure
Social Infrastructure
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Environment
Financial Base
Govt. Reforms
Institutional Arrangements
About The City: Kakarhati

Kakarhati town is a Nagar Parishad in Panna District. Kakarhati is located in Panna District of Madhya
Pradesh which is bounded by Panna District headquarter is in the North and Devendranagar in the NorthEast and Satna district in the east; Kakarhati is in the south-west, Gunnour and Katni is in the south. The
city is located on 240 3336 N latitude and 800 1612 E longitudes and about 25 Km away from Panna
town on Sakriya Gunour road. Earlier Kakarhati is a Gram Panchayat & now converted into Nagar
Parishad in July, 2011. The total area of the Nagar Parishad is 25.85 Sq Km.
Stakeholder Consultations
The methodology adopted for the preparation of plan was participatory in nature. A number of individual
consultations, group meetings and stake holder workshops were conducted to give the final shape to the
City Development Plan of Kakarhati.
Population Growth
Kakarhati has a total population of 8452 persons as per Census 2011. Males constitute 53% of the
population and females 47%. 19% of the population is under 6 years of age in Kakarhati. The area of the
Kakarhati is 25.85 Sq. km and the gross population density of the city works out to be 274 persons per sq.
km in 2001. The population projection for Kakarhati Nagar Parishad area up to the year 2035 has been
adopted as 17448 say as 17500 in 2035.
Economic Profile
Kakarhati is largely an agricultural based economy. The principal agricultural crops are Rice, Wheat,
Maize, Gram and Pulses, Radish, carrot, etc. are some of the vegetables grown in the region. There are no
big industries in the town at present. However there are possibilities of small scale industries for future
like oil mill, pulses mills etc. The main economic base of the town is agriculture and commerce. Kakarhati
serves as market centre for nearby small villages for supplying various daily need commodities.
Urban growth
Kakarhati town has developed along the Sakriya - Gunnor road. The town is surrounded by agriculture
fields. Town had been grown in the north and south side of the town. From historic Garhi, Kakarhati
village is grown in the North- South direction along Sakriya- Gunnor road. The overall development of
whole town is very irregular. At present new construction are in north and south direction mainly along
the Sakariya- Gunnor road as compared to the others part of the town. Growth Potential is also towards
the north and south.
Basic Infrastructure Existing Situational Analysis and Strategies
Water Supply
Ground water is the only source of water supply in Kakarhati town. A significant volume of ground water
is also extracted through a network of bore-wells and hand pumps. The quality of groundwater is fairly
good but the groundwater level is depleting rapidly. The current groundwater level is at 40-50 ft in winter
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season and 200-250 feet in the month of June and July. Presently the water supply is being provided to
the population at the rate of less than 40-50 LPCD.
Sewage
There is no underground sewerage network in the town. Sewage and storm water flows through common
open drains. The houses have their own Soak pits. Even the pour flush latrines and toilets blocks are
usually connected to septic tanks which are further connected to drain/ nallah. Out of total households
50% households of the city have latrines inside their houses on other hand 50% households have no
latrine facilities results in open defecation. The Sewage coverage and access in KNP area need to be
enhanced to 100% by year 2020. Recycle and reuse of treated water is targeted to reach 20% by year
2035.
Solid waste management
Solid waste collection and disposal in the town is the responsibility of Nagar Parishad. But there is no
form of organized solid waste management system in the town. Collection bins are present in the town.
Solid waste collection is done by the sweepers of the Nagar Parishad. At most places waste lies on the
roadside and lowlands. There are no organized places of solid waste disposal. Segregation is not practiced
in nagar Parishad area. Waste of city is disposed by the tractors and trolley away from the town.
Drainage
The water flows through the natural drains. The surface run off is mostly toward north to south & North
to South East. There are three ponds in the town namely are Badi Devi Talab in ward no 2, Banjara talab
in wars no 15 and Moorkatha Talaiya in ward no 4. There is a one big nalla fallen in the town. In addition
there are number of small nalas which have their outfall into these natural water channels. These small
water channels discharge runoff from the surrounding areas. Most of the drains are in poor condition
which requires channelization and lining.
Road & Transportation
The main access road to the town connects Kakarhati to Panna & also connected with Gunnor, Amanganj
& Devendranagar. There is no form of public transportation system within the town. There is one local
bus stop at Gunnor- Sakria road at the town. Due to the small size of the town most of the commuting in
the city by the residents is either by own vehicles or on foot. The town is connected by National Highway
75. The total road network of Kakarhati town is approximately 13 km long which are managed by
Kakarhati Nagar Parishad; (KNP)
Housing & Slums
There are 1625 households in Kakarhati Nagar Parishad (KNP) with an average household size 5.20 i.e.
comparatively lower to National, State and District level averages.
The houses in the city are categorized into Good; Livable and Dilapidated condition indicating more than
65% houses are in Kakarhati good condition. The major concentration of slums in the town in ward
numbers 6, 7, 10, 13 & 14. There are 130 household in ward no 13 & 114 households in ward no 14 & 100
household in ward no 15. Most of the slum population are residing in ward no 13. Most of the slums
have no basic civics amenities like sewerage, drainage, and water supply and sanitation facilities.
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Kakarhati has two higher Secondary schools, one for boys & one for Girls, One middle school for Girls, 5
Primary Schools and 15 Anganwadi. There is no Degree College, ITI college or Technical College in the
town.
The medical facilities are unsatisfactory in the town with one Mini Primary Health Center with one
Dresser, one ANM with 2 are on permanent and 3 are temporary basic. Kakarhati Primary health center
cater 10 to 15 patients every day. There is lack of health facilities in the town. This Primary Health Center
serves the total population of the town. Kakarhati has lacks of parks and open spaces. The inner city area
is congested and crowded with residential structures
City Environment
1.9.1 Natural Hazards
Urban areas face a number of environmental challenges. The environmental challenges faced in the
urban areas are serious and have significant impact on the health, natural resources and socio-economic
performance. Development controls in the area require earthquake resistant buildings and effective
enforcement. There is no data available for ambient air & quality of water. A study need to be conducted
and proper regulation need to be in place.
1.9.2 Water Bodies
The surface as well as ground water of the city is contaminated as has been discussed earlier. Water
resources in the city are polluted due to disposal of sewerage directly into the surface drains or surface
water bodies. Ground water contamination is essentially due to large no of septic tanks in use in the city.
Urban governance and Finance
It is important to structure and implement a programme to expose all levels of Nagar Parishad staff to
convince them of the need for change and hence need for relevant training and capacity building. The
programme should highlight challenges that the Nagar Parishad is likely to face in the near future in
terms of knowledge and skill gaps at different levels, demands of the reforms process, functional
devolution, etc.
The investment sustaining capacity of KNP is ascertained based on a financial operating plan (FOP), which
is essentially a 25-year forecast of Nagar Parishad income and expenditure, based on certain trend-based
and revenue enhancement assumptions. Similarly the investment phasing of control investment is
worked out and shown in investment phasing plan.
City Vision
Vision is the statement that reflects the long term view point of an individual or a community. The
outcome of present situation analysis along with Consultations and discussions held with various
stakeholders during the process of preparation of the city development plan are the basis for formulating
the vision for the city for 2035. The vision is stated below:
To develop Kakarhati as Religious or Holy Place with eco friendly manner along inclusive development
of food processing Industries
City SWOT Analysis
A city level SWOT analysis has been done based on an assessment of the status of various sectors of the
city. These include the following.
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Table 6: SWOT Analysis
Strengths
Weaknesses
The region/ District has good potential

of Agro-products
Kakarhati is connected to regional
important cities and district center.
The source of water is available to meet
future demand like Medhasan River.
Kakarhati has a good potential for forest
based Industries.
Kakarhati has a good potential for stone
quarrying activity & Stone Tiles making
industries.
Availability of low cost labor.
Availability of land within Kakarhati
Nagar Parishad.
Opportunities
No higher level facilities in town as no supporting

population in Kakarhati
Poor condition of drainage as every household having
a pit in front of his or her house. Waste water collect
there. After filling of that people disposed it with
buckets etc.
Piped supply is available in the city but people dont
have connection from that supply due to fewer hours
of supply & people are not willing to pay water
charges.
Depleting ground water table in city.
Encroachment along all the major nallahs, major roads
& Govt. lands.
Reduction in capacity of existing drains due to
dumping of solid waste.
Detailed layout drawings of drainage network are not
available, making future planning difficult.
No underground sewage system in the city. People go
for open defecation
Lack of awareness regarding sanitation.
Inefficient solid waste management system.
Most of the existing roads are in poor condition and
are narrow.
Informal establishment along roads reduces the
effective width of the carriageway for vehicular
movement
No parking facilities in entire city.
Lack of Pedestrian facilities
Bad conditions of health institutions.
Threats
Proximity to major cities.
Tourism can be developed in city as

town is having ruins of historical
architecture.
Scope of provision of degree colleges &

technical college.
Availability of private land for
development
of
upcoming
infrastructure.
Govt of MP release special fund for
Bundelkhand
Region
for
the
development of the concern districts.
Private investors are not willing to invest in Kakarhati.

Less Population of Kakarhati does not support higher
level facilities in town.
No availability of raw material & investment for large
scale industries.
Capital Investment
The projects derived based on the KNP estimates and aimed at ensuring optimal and efficient utilization
of existing infrastructure systems. The total estimated capital investment required for providing efficient
services to the population of KNP by the year 2035 is about Rs. 6309.26 Lakhs. The table below presents
the summary of sector-wise investment requirements.
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Table: - 1.13: Estimates of Investment in various sectors of city
S.No
Sector
1 ECONOMY, TRADE & COMMERCE
Total Investment (Rs. Lakh)

550.00
2 HOUSING & SLUMS

3 WATER SUPPLY
4 SEWERAGE
5 DRAINAGE
6 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
7 URBAN TRANSPORTATION
9 EDUCATION
10 HEALTH
11 URBAN ENVIRONMENT
12 HERITAGE & TOURISM
13 URBAN GOVERNANCE
Sub Total
Land Acquisition & other escalations @ 10%
%
9.59
397.00
6.92
600.80
282.25
10.47
4.92
350.00
6.10
176.34
3.07
2785.00
48.56
27.00
0.47
80.00
1.39
132.50
310.80
2.31
5.42
44.00
0.77
5735.69
100.00
573.57
6309.26
TOTAL
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................ 8
Executive Summary............................................................................................................................. 1
1. Project Background ................................................................................................................... 16
1.1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 16
1.2. Scope of Work ............................................................................................................................... 16
1.3. Objective of the Study .................................................................................................................. 17
1.4. Aims of the Study .......................................................................................................................... 18
1.5. Coverage of the Study Area .......................................................................................................... 18
1.6. Approach ....................................................................................................................................... 18
1.7. Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 19
2. Introduction to Kakarhati........................................................................................................... 24
2.1
Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 24
2.2
Geographic Location ..................................................................................................................... 24
2.3
Climate .......................................................................................................................................... 25
2.3.1
Rainfall .................................................................................................................................. 25
2.3.2
Temperature ......................................................................................................................... 25
2.3.3
Humidity ................................................................................................................................ 25
2.3.4
Wind Speed ........................................................................................................................... 26
2.4
Physiographic Conditions .............................................................................................................. 26
2.4.1
Topography & Drainage ........................................................................................................ 26
2.4.2
Flora and Fauna..................................................................................................................... 26
2.5
Connectivity & Linkages ................................................................................................................ 26
2.5.1
Road Connectivity ................................................................................................................. 26
2.5.1.1 Location & Regional Connectivity with Kakarhati ..................................................................... 27
2.5.2
Rail Connectivity.................................................................................................................... 28
2.5.3
Air Connectivity ..................................................................................................................... 29
3. Demographic Profile .................................................................................................................. 30
3.1
Population ................................................................................................................................. 30
3.2
Population Growth Trend ......................................................................................................... 30
3.3
Spatial Population Distribution ................................................................................................. 30
3.4
Population Projections .............................................................................................................. 31
3.5
Schedule Caste & Schedule Tribe Population ........................................................................... 32
3.6
Literacy ...................................................................................................................................... 33
3.7
Sex Ratio .................................................................................................................................... 34
4. Economic Profile ........................................................................................................................ 36
4.1 Work Force Participation Rate ............................................................................................................ 36
4.2 Dependency Ratio ............................................................................................................................... 36
4.3 Workforce Distribution ....................................................................................................................... 37
4.4 Industrial Scenario .............................................................................................................................. 37
4.5 Agriculture........................................................................................................................................... 37
4.6 Trade & Commerce ............................................................................................................................. 38
4.7 Informal Activities ............................................................................................................................... 38
5. Heritage and Tourism ................................................................................................................ 40
5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 40
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5.2 Heritage & conservation ..................................................................................................................... 40
5.3 tourism policy/ guidelines at the State Level...................................................................................... 40
5.4 Inventory Heritage Sites...................................................................................................................... 40
5.5 Identification & inventory of Tourism Potential ................................................................................. 42
5.5.1 Regional Tourism Potential .......................................................................................................... 42
5.5.2 Tourist Accommodation............................................................................................................... 44
5.6 Proposed Tourist Circuit- KAKARHATI ................................................................................................. 44
5.7 Existing Regulations/ Heritage guidelines at the ULB and State Level ............................................... 45
5.8 Issues ................................................................................................................................................... 45
6. Urban Growth Scenario ............................................................................................................. 46
6.1 Spatial Growth Trend ...................................................................................................................... 46
6.2 Future Need & Growth Direction .................................................................................................... 46
6.3 Land use Distribution ...................................................................................................................... 47
7. Urban Services........................................................................................................................... 48
7.1 Urban transport .................................................................................................................................. 48
7.1.1 Road and Transport Network....................................................................................................... 48
7.1.2 Public Transport ........................................................................................................................... 49
7.1.3 Terminals...................................................................................................................................... 49
7.2 Solid Waste Management ................................................................................................................... 51
7.2.1 Existing System............................................................................................................................. 51
7.2.2 Waste Generated per day ............................................................................................................ 51
7.2.3 Collection ..................................................................................................................................... 51
7.2.4 Storage ......................................................................................................................................... 51
7.2.5 Transportation ............................................................................................................................. 51
7.2. 6 Disposal ....................................................................................................................................... 52
7.2.7 Gaps and future requirement assessment .................................................................................. 52
7.2. 8 Proposed Solid waste Management in KNP area........................................................................ 52
7.3 Water Supply....................................................................................................................................... 53
7.3.1 Source and Availability of water .................................................................................................. 53
7.3.2 Net work Storage ......................................................................................................................... 54
7.3.3 Treatment facilities of water........................................................................................................ 54
7.3.3 Water Demand ............................................................................................................................. 54
7.3.3.1 Projected Water Requirement for Kakarhati Nagar Parishad .................................................. 54
7.3.3.2 Gap Assessment and Future requirement ................................................................................ 54
7.3.4 Depletion of ground water table ................................................................................................. 55
7.3.5 Future source of water supply ..................................................................................................... 55
7.3.6 Strategies ..................................................................................................................................... 55
7.4 Storm Water Drainage ........................................................................................................................ 56
7.4.1 Existing System............................................................................................................................. 56
7.4.2 Demand & gap ............................................................................................................................. 57
7.4.3 Strategies ..................................................................................................................................... 57
7.4.4 Strategies for KNP ........................................................................................................................ 57
7.5 Sewage System ................................................................................................................................... 58
7.5.1 Current Disposal system .............................................................................................................. 59
7.5.2 Estimation of Sewage Load .......................................................................................................... 59
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7.5.3 Future Sewage Generation in KNP area....................................................................................... 59
7.5.4 Gap and future requirement assessment .................................................................................... 59
7.5.5 Strategies ..................................................................................................................................... 60
7.6 Power Supply & Street Lighting .......................................................................................................... 61
7.6.1 Gaps and future requirement assessment .................................................................................. 62
7.6.2 SWOT Analysis.............................................................................................................................. 62
8. Social Infrastructure .................................................................................................................. 64
8.1
Educational Scenario ................................................................................................................. 64
8.2
Medical Facilities ....................................................................................................................... 64
8.3
Entertainment ........................................................................................................................... 65
8.4
Other Facilities .......................................................................................................................... 65
8.5
Demand & Gap Analysis ............................................................................................................ 65
8.6
SWOT......................................................................................................................................... 66
9. Housing ..................................................................................................................................... 68
9.1 Housing Scenario................................................................................................................................. 68
9.2 Housing Condition ............................................................................................................................... 68
9.3 Ownership Status ................................................................................................................................ 68
9.4 Present & Future Housing Demand .................................................................................................... 69
9.5 Issues & Strategies .............................................................................................................................. 70
10. Slums & urban poor ................................................................................................................... 72
10.1 Slums and BPL Population................................................................................................................. 72
10.2 Access to land and land tenure ......................................................................................................... 73
10.3 Availability of Basic Infrastructure in Slums...................................................................................... 73
10.4 Status of Social Infrastructure........................................................................................................... 73
10.5 Issues & Strategies ............................................................................................................................ 75
11. Environment and climate change ............................................................................................... 78
11.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 78
11.2 Environmental Sustainability ............................................................................................................ 78
11.3 physical attributes............................................................................................................................. 78
11.4 Climatic condition ............................................................................................................................. 79
11.5 Environmental quality assessment ................................................................................................... 81
11.6 City environment .............................................................................................................................. 81
11.7 Vulnerability assessment /Disaster Management Plan .................................................................... 82
11.8 Environmental Issues ........................................................................................................................ 82
11.9 Issues & Strategies ............................................................................................................................ 83
12. institutional frame work & finance ............................................................................................. 84
12.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 84
12.2 Institutions involved in Urban Development .................................................................................... 84
12.3 Municipal Finance ......................................................................................................................... 85
12.4 Issues & Potentials ............................................................................................................................ 87
13. Stakeholder Consultations ......................................................................................................... 88
13.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 88
13.2 City Stakeholder Profile .................................................................................................................... 88
13.3 Steering Committee .......................................................................................................................... 88
13.4 Pre Workshop Consultations & Data Collection ............................................................................... 91
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13.5 1st kckoff Workshop ...................................................................................................................... 91
13.6 2nd Workshop .................................................................................................................................... 95
13.7 3rd Workshop Proceedings ................................................................................................................ 96
14. City Vision and Sectoral Goals .................................................................................................... 98
14.1 City Vision.......................................................................................................................................... 98
14.2 Sector Goals ...................................................................................................................................... 99
15. City Investment Plan ................................................................................................................ 100
15.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 100
Goals for CIP ................................................................................................................................... 100
15.2 Summary of City Investment Kakarhati nagar parishad .............................................................. 100
15.3 Sector Wise Investment .................................................................................................................. 101
15.3.1 Water Supply............................................................................................................................ 101
15.3.2 Sewerage .................................................................................................................................. 101
15.3.3 Drainage ................................................................................................................................... 102
15.3.4 Solid Waste Management ........................................................................................................ 102
15.3.5 Urban Transportation .............................................................................................................. 102
15.3.6 Education ................................................................................................................................. 103
15.3.7 Health ....................................................................................................................................... 103
15.3.8 Housing & Slums ...................................................................................................................... 103
15.3.9 Urban Environment.................................................................................................................. 104
15.3.10 Heritage & Tourism ................................................................................................................ 104
15.3.11 Economy Trade and commerce ............................................................................................. 104
15.3.12 Urban Governance ................................................................................................................. 105
15.4 Sector Wise Phasing of Financial Investments................................................................................ 105
15.5 FINANCIAL OPERATING PLAN ......................................................................................................... 106
15.5.1 BACKGROUND-Basis of Prioritization ...................................................................................... 106
15.5.2 Investment Requirements ....................................................................................................... 106
15.5.3 Sector-wise Investment Requirements .................................................................................... 106
15.5.4 Funding Assistance ................................................................................................................... 108
15.5.5 PPP Funding: ............................................................................................................................ 109
15.5.6 International Donor ................................................................................................................. 110
15.5.7 Formation Project Management Unit and SPVs ...................................................................... 110
15.6 Financial Operating Plan of KNP ..................................................................................................... 110
14.6.1 FOP Scenarios........................................................................................................................... 111
14.6.3 Alternate Scenarios ................................................................................................................ 111
14.6.5 Analysis of Accounting, Budgeting and MIS with a View to Identify Weaknesses .................. 112
14.7 Institutional Framework ................................................................................................................. 112
14.8 Issues ............................................................................................................................................... 113
Annexure ................................................................................................................................................. 114
Annexure 1: Data Checklist.............................................................................................................. 114
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List of Tables
Table 1-1: Study Area Coverage .................................................................................................................... 18
Table 1-2: Stakeholder Consultation............................................................................................................. 21
Table 2-1: Administrative Framework .......................................................................................................... 24
Table 2-2 Distances from major towns/ Cities .............................................................................................. 27
Table 3-1 Comparative Population Analysis ................................................................................................. 30
Table 3-2: Decadal Growth rate .................................................................................................................... 30
Table 3-3: Ward wise Population of Kakarhati, 2011 ................................................................................... 31
Table 3-4: Population projection -2035 ........................................................................................................ 32
Table 3-5: Ward wise SC & ST Population..................................................................................................... 32
Table 3-6: % of SC & ST Population ............................................................................................................... 33
Table 3-7 Comparative Urban Literacy Rate ................................................................................................. 33
Table 3-8: Ward Wise Literacy Rate .............................................................................................................. 34
Table 3-9 Comparative Urban Sex Ratio ....................................................................................................... 34
Table 3-10: Ward wise Sex Ratio................................................................................................................... 35
Table 4-1 Comparative Urban Work Force Participation Rate ..................................................................... 36
Table 4-2: Comparative Non Worker Urban Population .............................................................................. 36
Table 4-3 Number of Vendors in Kakarhati .................................................................................................. 38
Table 5-1: Accommodation units in Kakarhati .............................................................................................. 44
Table 6-1: Land use Distribution ................................................................................................................... 47
Table 7-1: Types of Road in Kakarhati........................................................................................................... 48
Table 7-2: Types of Vehicles for SWM in Kakarhati ...................................................................................... 51
Table 7-3 Status of Water Supply in Kakarhati Nagar Parishad .................................................................... 53
Table 7-4: Location of Over head tank.......................................................................................................... 54
Table 7-5: Projected water Requirement-2035 ............................................................................................ 54
Table 7-6 Type and number of Latrines ........................................................................................................ 58
Table 7-7: Future Sewage generation-2035.................................................................................................. 59
Table 7-8: Types of Street Light .................................................................................................................... 61
Table 8-1: Status of Educational Institutes ................................................................................................... 64
Table 8-2 Health Facilities in Kakarhati ......................................................................................................... 64
Table 8-3: Demand & Gap analysis for Education facilities .......................................................................... 66
Table 8-4: Demand & Gap analysis for Health facilities ................................................................................ 66
Table 8-5: Demand & Gap analysis for other facilities.................................................................................. 66
Table 9-1: Future Housing Demand-2035 ..................................................................................................... 69
Table 10-1: % of BPL Population in Kakarhati ............................................................................................... 72
Table 11-1: Average Temperature of Kakarhati............................................................................................ 80
Table 12-2: Functions of Kakarhati Nagar Parishad ...................................................................................... 85
Table 11-2 Summary of Revenue and Expenditure Sources ......................................................................... 86
Table 11-3 Income Profile of Kakarhati Nagar Parishad, 2008-10 ............................................................... 86
Table 15-1 Year Wise phasing of City Investment Plan .............................................................................. 105
Table 15-2 Capital Requirement for Next 25 years..................................................................................... 107
Table 15-3: Funding Pattern of CDP by State Government and PPP .......................................................... 108
Table 15-4: Business as Usual Scenario - KNPs Income and Expenditure.................................................. 111
Table 15-5: Alternate Scenario - Reforms Implementation (Partially) without new investment ............... 112
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Table 15-6: Institutional Framework .......................................................................................................... 112
List of Figures
Figure 1-1: Strategies, Projects, CIP and FOP................................................................................................ 22
Figure 1-2 Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 23
Figure 2-1: Location of Kakarhati .................................................................................................................. 25
Figure 2-2: Topography of the Town ............................................................................................................ 26
Figure 2-3: Regional Connectivity with Kakarhati ......................................................................................... 27
Figure 2-4: Local Bus Stand & Panna-Kakarhati Road ................................................................................... 28
Figure 2-5: Gunnour _ Sakariya road ............................................................................................................ 28
Figure 2-6: Rail Connectivity with Study Area............................................................................................... 29
Figure 2-7: Air Connectivity with Kakarhati .................................................................................................. 29
Figure 3-1: Comparative analysis of Population; 2011 ................................................................................. 30
Figure 3-2: Population Projection-2035 ........................................................................................................ 32
Figure 3-3: Status of SC & ST Literacy rate .................................................................................................... 33
Figure 3-4: Comparative Urban Literacy Rate in Kakarhati .......................................................................... 33
Figure 3-5: Ward wise literacy in Kakarhati .................................................................................................. 34
Figure 3-6: Comparative Urban Sex Ration................................................................................................... 35
Figure 4-1: Workshop distribution in Kakarhati............................................................................................ 37
Figure 4-2: Vender Scenario in Kakarhati ..................................................................................................... 39
Figure 4-3: Thela, mobile shop and Weekly Market near to Bus Stand of the town.................................... 39
Figure 5-1: Regional tourists destinations around Kakarhati ...................................................................... 42
Figure 5-2: Local & regional Tourism ............................................................................................................ 43
Figure 5-3: Proposed tourism circuit-Satna .................................................................................................. 44
Figure 6-1: Map showing Urban Growth scenario ........................................................................................ 46
Figure 6-2: Land use Distribution .................................................................................................................. 47
Figure 7-1: Kakarhati-Gunnor-Sakariya Road................................................................................................ 48
Figure 7-2: Types of Road in Kakarhati ......................................................................................................... 49
Figure 7-3: Local Bus Stop & Commercial activities along the road ............................................................. 49
Figure 7-5: Unmanaged Solid waste in Kakarhati ......................................................................................... 52
Figure 7-6: Over Head Tank & other source of water in the Town............................................................... 53
Figure 7-7: Existing condition of drainage in town ....................................................................................... 56
Figure 7-8: Condition of Urinals facilities in town......................................................................................... 59
Figure 7-10: Electricity Sub Station & Street light in town ........................................................................... 61
Figure 7-11: Types of Streets lights ............................................................................................................... 62
Figure 8-1: Govt. Secondary School & Girls Middle School in town ............................................................. 64
Figure 8-2: PHC & Consultation with Staff .................................................................................................... 65
Figure 8-3: Police Station & DCCB, Kakarhati................................................................................................ 65
Figure 9-1: Present Housing condition in town ............................................................................................ 69
Figure 9-2: Condition of open drains in town ............................................................................................... 69
Figure 11-1: Physiographic Map of the Region ............................................................................................. 79
Figure 11-2: Monthly Rainfall in town .......................................................................................................... 79
Figure 11-3: Average Temperature of town ................................................................................................. 80
Figure 11-4: Condition of Existing Ponds of town......................................................................................... 81
Page 13

Figure 12-1: Organization structure .............................................................................................................. 84
Figure 11-2 Structure of Kakarhati Nagar Parishad Finances ....................................................................... 85
Figure 13-1: Consultation with Primary Stakeholders, Kakarhati ................................................................. 90
Figure 13-2: Consultation with Secondary Stakeholders of Kakarhati ......................................................... 90
Figure 13-3: Presentation By Mr. Binesh Kr. Nirman, Project Manager ,SGS Infotech & Participants ......... 92
Figure 13-4: Welcome address by Mr. Raj Kishor Pandey, & Mr. Pravesh Kr. Pal, CMO Kakarhati.............. 92
Figure 13-3: Presentation By SGS Infotech & Participants ........................................................................... 97
Figure 13-4: Welcome address by Mr. Hussan, CMO Kakarhati ................................................................... 97
List of Abbreviations
@
ATM
BPL
BRGF
BSUP
CAS
CBO
CDP
CI
CIP
CLSG
CMO
CNG
DCCB
DFID
DMP
DPC
DU
FOP
Ft
GIS
GoMP
GoI
GOs
GPS
HH
HP
ICDS
IHSDP
ITI
JNNURM
Km
KNP
KV
LIG
LPCD
LPG
LMP
M.P
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
At the rate
Automated Teller Machine
Below Poverty Line
Backward Region Grant Fund
Basic Services for Poor
Condition assessment Survey
Central Business District
City Development Plan
Cast Iron
Capital Investment Plan
City Level Steering Group
Chief Nagar Officer
Compressed Natural gas
District Co-Operative Central Bank
Department for International Development
Disaster Management Plan
District Planning Committee
Dwelling Units
Financial Operating Plan
Feet
Geographical Information System
Government of India
Government Organization
Global Positioning System
Household
Horse Power
Integrated Child Development Services
Integrated Housing and Slum Development Program
Industrial Training Institute
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
Kilometer
Kakarhati Nagar Parishad
Kilo Watt
Low Income Group
Liter per capita per day
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Liter Per minutes
Madhya Pradesh
Page 14

NP
MDR
MIG
MLD
MM
MPSEB
MPUSP
NGO
NH
NHAI
O&M
OHT
PG
PHED
PPP
PWD
RAY
RFP
RKVY
S.C
S.T
SE
SH
SMC
SPCB
SSA
STP
SWM
SWOT
ToR
UADD
UDPFI
UIDSSMT
ULB
UNEGM
UNESCO
WFPR
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
Nagar Parishad
Major District Road
Middle Income Group
Million Liters per Day
Mile Miter
Madhya Pradesh State Electricity Board
Madhya Pradesh Urban Services for Poor
Non-Governmental Organization
National Highway
National Highway Authority of India
Operation and Maintenance
Over Heard Tank
Post Graduate
Public Health & Engineering Department
Public Private Partnership
Public Works Department
Rajiv Awas Yojna
Request for Proposal
Rashtriya Krishi Vikash Yojna
Schedule Caste
Schedule Tribes
Sub Engineer
State Highway
State Monitoring Committee
State Pollution Control Board
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
Sewerage Treatment Plant
Solid Waste Management
Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat
Terms of Reference
Urban Development Plan, Formulation & Implementation
Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns
Urban Local Bodies
United Nation Expert Group meeting
: United Nations Educational Scientific & Cultural Organization
: Work Force Participation Rate
Page 15

1.
PROJECT BACKGROUND
1.1.
Introduction
Urban centers of Madhya Pradesh State face the challenge of meeting the requirements of growing
population due to limited resources. To cope up with increasing challenges that have emerged as a result
of rapid urban growth, it is imperative to illustrate a coherent vision and strategy for implementation of
projects aimed towards achieving the outlined vision. M.P Government in association with Urban Local
Bodies have initiated a number of programme & schemes to meet the growing needs of physical and
social infrastructure in urban areas. In one such initiative, the Madhya Pradesh Urban Services for the
Poor Programme (MPUSP), Urban Administration and Development Department (UADD), GoMP is
working with the Department for International Development (DFID), Govt. of U.K. to enhance capacity at
state and city levels to deliver sustainable access to effective basic urban services especially for the urban
poor. The programme is funded through a grant from the Department for International Development,
Govt. of U.K. This programme will support the overall goal of sustainable poverty reduction and economic
growth in Madhya Pradesh.
The primary aim of study was to formulate strategies as well as a City Investment Plan (CIP), based on
which KNP will be able to access funds under GoI schemes as well as from other sources.
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) is a massive city modernization scheme
launched by the Government of India (GoI) under Ministry of Urban Development. It envisages a total
investment of over $20 billion over seven years. The scheme was officially inaugurated in December 2005
and the objective of the program is to improve the quality of life and infrastructure in the cities.
JNNURM is a huge mission which relates primarily to development in the context of urban conglomerates
focusing to the Indian cities. JNNURM aims at creating economically productive, efficient, equitable and
responsive Cities by a strategy of upgrading the social and economic infrastructure in cities, provision of
Basic Services to Urban Poor (BSUP) and wide-ranging urban sector reforms to strengthen Nagar Parishad
Government of India and Government of Madhya Pradesh initiated the Urban Infrastructure
Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT) and Integrated Housing and Slum
Development Programme (IHSDP), the GoMP initiated DFID funded MPUSP, which links reform with
investment in infrastructure for the poor.
For planned urban growth and development, Urban Administration and Development Department
(UADD), GoMP has taken the initiative to prepare the City Development Plan of Kakarhati. The primary
aim of the project is to formulate strategies as well as a City Investment Plan, based on which Kakarhati
Nagar Parishad will be able to access funds under GoI schemes as well as from other sources. To attain
the said objectives, UADD has appointed SGS Infotech as consultant.
1.2.
Scope of Work
The scope of work covers the following:

Assess the demand supply gaps for identified Projects
Page 16

Provide Financial Assessment of the Urban Local Bodies As assessment of local finances (past 5
years) in terms of sources and uses of funds, base and base of levy, revision history and impacts, state
assignments and transfers base and basis of transfer and its predictability; uses of funds
outstanding liabilities (loans, power dues, pension etc.) and a review of revenue and services
management arrangements,
Suggest measures to increase the general level of service, coverage and quality of Nagar services in
both poor and non poor localities,
Improvements in staffing and management arrangements in delivery of services,
Outlining issues in revenue realizations, quality of existing assets in relation to service levels and
coverage and institutional constraints,
Developing quick indicators of performance, based on current coverage and additional population in
the short term (10 years) and units costs,
Estimating city level investment requirement for up-gradation of city wide infrastructure,
Preparing a comprehensive asset Management Plan for existing and proposed investment and use
fiscal notes and policy analysis to assist in making informed choices to achieve sector/ city goals,
Define priority assets and indicative costs of rehabilitation,
Conducting fiscal impacts analysis of investments: life cycle O&M cost, revenues from project, and
costs/ impacts on finances and of not doing the projects,
Exploring funding options for rehabilitation of facilities and
Preparing a realistic Financial Operating Plan (FOP) based on availability of resources and ability to
leverage additional resources.
1.3.
Objective of the Study
The aim of the assignment is to visualize the city in the next 25 years; the key objectives are listed below,
Define the growth directions and service up-gradations in relation to the activity mix/ growth,
Assess the demand- supply gap in services to estimate and priorities project requirements,
Define specific rehabilitation and capital improvement needs with regards to priority city
infrastructure in both slums and other areas,
Define specific rehabilitation and capital improvement needs with regards to priority city
infrastructure in both slums and other areas,
Define revenue enhancement and revenue management improvements required to sustain the
investment proposed.
Reform required in local administration and service delivery to ensure financial sustainability and
improvements in service levels,
Suggest changes required at the local level to improve Operation & Maintenance (O&M) of assets
including use of different institutional and PPP models,
Address common growth and infrastructure issues
Page 17

1.4.
Aims of the Study
As outlined in the Request for Proposal (RFP), the aim of the study is to prepare a City Development
Plan1, which will generate and provide a strategic framework for city development actions in the medium
term, guided by a shared and collective vision, and aimed at delivering sustainable economic growth and
poverty reduction.
Specific Objectives are:
1. Scaling up of existing urban development and poverty alleviation schemes within a comprehensive
and coherent strategic planning framework in order to ensure optimal benefit from available
resources for the citizens of Kakarhati.
2. The vision and strategic thrusts would be based on rigorous stakeholder consultation and
documentation process.
3. CDP will serve the requirements of the UIDSSMT and IHSDP as well as JNNURM
4. The CDP will generate specific priority actions and projects that can be the basis for mobilizing funding
from diverse sources.
1.5.
Coverage of the Study Area
The City Development Plan will be formulated for Kakarhati Nagar Parishad area which is 25.85 Sq km.
Table 1-1: Study Area Coverage
SR .NO
NAME OF TOWN
1
Kakarhati
Source: Kakarhati Nagar Parishad, 2012
1.6.
AREA (HA)
2585
AREA (SQ. KM)

25.85
NO OF WARDS
15
Approach
The approach for the assignment is:
To use participatory approach, wherein stakeholder consultations and workshops would be carried
out across a wide section of society. This would develop strategies and action plan that shall be
presented to the key stakeholder agencies through consultation workshops, further their consent and
ownership for the plan would be sought. Their comments would be incorporated to finalize the vision
document and plan.
To design the city development plan for the horizon period of 25 years.
To identify interventions to eliminate or mitigate the impacts of the critical areas of the Town.
However, focus will be pivoted to slum up-gradation, environmental sustainability, urban transport,
heritage, tourism and economy.
To up-scale the existing urban development projects.
To maximize utilization of inherent potential to develop infrastructure and economy to attract private
investment. This will be achieved through detailed sector analysis.
A City Development Plan (CDP) is both a perspective and a vision for the future development of a city. It addresses
four prime questions Where are we now? Where do we want to go? What do we need to address on a priority
basis? What interventions do we make in order to attain the vision? (JNNURM Toolkit 2)
Page 18

To develop initiatives in line with the urban development policies of the Centre and the State
Government.
To achieve the underlining principle of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act and the functions
outlined in the 12th Schedule.
To identify intervention areas to build up the financial strength of the Citys institutional
arrangement.
1.7.
Methodology
Preparation of CDP is divided into five stages. The detailed step wise methodology has been highlighted
in the following section:
Phase I: Inception Stage
The purpose of this stage was to review and analyze the current status and unique features of the city
with regard to the state of its development, systems and procedures, as equally its institutional and
financial context. This stage involved the following activities:
Activity 1: Preliminary Meeting, Data Collection and Review
Task 1: Preliminary Meeting
The assignment commenced with the preliminary meeting with the officials of KAKARHATI NAGAR
PARISHAD to understand their requirements from this assignment. Following activities were undertaken
Introductory meeting with the Chairman, Chief Nagar Officer, Heads of Departments, Nagar Parishad
(Municipal Counselors), etc.
Identification of line departments and key stakeholders for urban service delivery and development
such as Development Authority, Nagar Panchayat, local Associations, NGOs, etc.
Preliminary List of key stakeholders was prepared.
Task 2: Reconnaissance Survey and data collection
Introductory meeting with the key stakeholders and procurement of base maps were done which was
followed by reconnaissance survey and initial data collection process. Data collection was carried out
using the data checklist and Performa attached. Following activities were taken up:
Field reconnaissance was conducted to determine growth patterns of the city, characteristics of the
slums and environmentally sensitive areas etc.
Obtained base maps and available secondary data on the citys demographics, reports prepared under
past and current urban development programmes, Kakarhati Nagar Parishad annual budget reports,
other Kakarhati Nagar Parishad reports giving status of service delivery and other relevant documents
on heritage listing, data on slums and urban poor, government policy documents, etc.
Activity 2: Stakeholder consultation and Kick off Workshop
Task 3: Pre-workshop stakeholder consultation and formation of CLSG
At this stage, list of stakeholders was prepared. These groups were categorized as primary and secondary
stakeholders. Sample of stakeholders were selected for preliminary consultation. Discussions were
carried out through structured questionnaires. On the basis of the stakeholder list and preliminary
consultation, the members of City Level Steering Group (CLSG) were identified. The CLSG was finalized
after discussions with Kakarhati Nagar Parishad.
Page 19

Task 4: Kick-off workshop
SGS Infotech with Kakarhati Nagar Parishad support has organize a one day kick-off workshop dated on
20th Dec, 2011to familiarize the stakeholders with the purpose, process and expected outcomes of the
CDP and strive to generate enthusiasm, understanding and commitment to the CDP. In the workshop the
CLSG would be launched.
On the basis of pre work shop consultation and workshop discussion, key areas would be listed and focus
areas would be identified for the preparation of special papers.
Activity 3: Preliminary Situational Analysis
Task 3: Preliminary Situational Analysis
Preliminary analysis was done based on secondary data collection and stakeholder consultations. Post
data analysis and the kick-off workshop Situational analysis would be carried out. The analysis and
assessment would include:
Regional Setting, Administrative Boundary, Demography, Economy, Urban Growth, Land use change,
Bio-physical environment etc
Urban Basic Services: water supply, sanitation, Nagar solid waste, drainage, roads/urban transport,
urban environment, health and education, fire services, etc.
Institutional Arrangements of key stakeholders and their roles & responsibilities in city planning with
reference to delivery and management of urban basic services
Financial framework of key stakeholder agencies involved in service delivery and O&M.
Deliverables: Base Map, Workshop Proceedings, Inception Report, Key areas for Special Papers
Phase II: Sectoral Assessment and City Profile
Activity 4: Sectoral Assessment and City Profile
In this stage a detailed analysis will be carried out for key sectors - infrastructure, housing, environment,
economy, governance, finance etc. Besides, special focus will be given to the following five sectors:
Study of economic opportunity and potential for regional economic development, with special
reference to the poor.
Transport study with emphasis on low cost public transport and livelihoods
Heritage conservation and tourism
Environmental sustainability
Access to housing, employment and social and environmental services by the poor
To undertake the study, SGS Infotech will interact with various stakeholder groups (meetings, workshops,
focus group discussions, etc.) and review relevant publications, reports, resolutions, procedures, laws etc.
to analyse the current situation in each of the key sectors.
The findings from the sector analysis will be used to prepare the City Profile consisting of the assessment
of the existing situation in all the sectors identified, emerging issues, SWOT analysis and projections of
the present gaps and future requirements.
Deliverables: City Profile and Sector Assessment Report
Phase III: Development of city vision and sector goals and strategies
Activity 5: Benchmark study
Page 20

At this stage bench mark study will be done to list best practices for urban development. Best practice
study will be done for all the sectors i.e. infrastructure development, urban reform, environment
improvement etc. The study will help in strategy building process.
Activity 6: Pre-workshop Stakeholder Consultation
Sector assessment done in the last stage will be discussed with different stakeholders at individual level
or in groups.
Table 1-2: Stakeholder Consultation
STAKEHOLDER
Residents
Slums
Community Leaders
Government Departments
Educational Institutions
Doctors
SAMPLE SIZE/ NOS

15
4
4
All relevant departments
3
1
TECHNIQUE
Group Discussions representing each ward
Group discussions in sample pockets
Individual Consultations
Group discussions
Discussion will be initiated on strategies, priorities and major actions that may be required to move
towards the vision. Findings from the consultation process will further substantiate the Sector
assessment and analysis. The Consultants will continue to work in consultation with the local
counterparts to develop sector strategies in consonance with the city vision and sector goals.
Activity 7: Second Workshop
A city level workshop will be organised where city perspective and city priorities will be presented. The
objective of the workshop will be to form working groups to discuss the key issues identified in the
proceeding stages. The discussion will be initiated on strategies, priorities and major actions that will be
required in the next five years to move towards Vision 2035.
Activity 8: Identification and detailing of projects
On the basis of the consultants understanding of the best practices, issues identified, prospective growth
scenario and strategies suggested; projects will be identified.
Phase IV: Development of strategies and priority actions
Activity 9: Evaluation of strategies/ projects
The strategies will be evaluated from the perspective of their contribution to achieving the vision and
sector goals. Criteria will be developed for prioritizing the strategies, programs and projects in
consultation with the Steering Group.
Activity 10: Third Workshop
A city level workshop will be organised where strategies and priority actions will be presented. The
objective of the workshop will be to finalise the operational strategies for the various sectors and
presentation of implement able action plans. The participants of the session will be Chairman, Ward
counsellors, Politicians, Eminent person of the town and technical experts from different departments
and institutes.
The projects will be discussed & finalised at this workshop with Steering group & other key stakeholders.
Deliverable: The output of this phase would be an agreed plan outlining the goals, strategies, priority
actions and projects with an estimate of preliminary funding requirements of each sector.
Page 21

Phase V: Preparing a City Investment Plan (CIP), Finance operating Plan
Activity 11: Preparation of Draft CDP
Last stage of the CDP is to formulate the Capital Investment Plan (CIP) and Financial Operating Plan (FOP).
CIP would lay out the cost and revenue estimates of all the priority projects in the next five years. The
preparation of the CIP is a reiterative process requiring adjustments to individual projects as well as
changes in scheduling to make the whole package work financially. Then financial operating plan and
project cash flows will be worked out for each project on the basis of sustainable financial situation up to
2035 The Consultants will also determine types and sources of financing for priority projects from
internal resources, state and central governments, local financial institutions, donors, and through publicprivate partnerships.
Phase-IV
VISION Based Land use

Promotion
LIVABILITY
- Infrastructure & Services
- Traffic & Transportation
- Housing & Slum Improvement
STRATEGIES
COMPETITIVENESS
- City Economic Development
- Social Development
Demand Based Land use

Promotion
MANAGEABILITY
Institutional
Development
Urban
Governance
BANKABILITY
- Sustainable Nagar
Finance
Setting up Prospective Growth Scenario

PROGRAMMES & PROJECT IDENTIFICATION
Capital Investment Plan
IMPLEMENTING STRATEGIES
PROJECT CASH FLOWS
Setting up Suggestive
External Field Experts
Development Guidelines
Stake Holders
Figure 1-1: Strategies, Projects, CIP and FOP
Deliverable: Draft CDP

Activity 12: Fourth workshop on Draft CDP
The Consultants with support from Kakarhati Nagar Parishad will organize a fourth workshop involving all
the stakeholders, who have been part of the CDP preparation process. The workshop will seek an
endorsement of the City Development Plan from the stakeholder group present and agree on procedures
for performance monitoring.
Activity 13: Finalization of Draft CDP
The suggestions and comments shall be incorporated in the draft CDP following the fourth and final
workshop. The final document will be presented to the UADD for finalization. The final document shall be
submitted to the Kakarhati Nagar Parishad.
Page 22

INCEPTION STAGE
City Profile
1. Location and Linkages
2. Socio -Economic assessment
3. City Infrastructure
4. Environment
5. Urban Governance and Finance
Kick off Meeting

Data Collection
Stakeholder Profile
INCEPTION REPORT
PPHASE I
Stakeholder Consultation
Kickoff Workshop I
Special
Papers
S W O T Analysis
PHASE III
PPHASE II
SECTOR
ASSESSMENT &
CITY PROFILE
Development of
city vision and
sector goals and
strategies
Detailed Sector Analysis

1. City Economy and Social Development
2. Physical Planning and Growth Management
3. Urban Environment
4. Urban Poverty
5. Housing and Slums
6. Institutional Setup and Urban Governance
7. Nagar Finance
8. Urban Infrastructure and Services
9. Heritage and Tourism
10. Road and Transport Infrastructure
Bench Mark Study
Data Collection
Stakeholder
Consultation
Issue/Problems
/Potential
Literature Review
Stakeholder Consultation
Workshop II
Stakeholder
Consultation
Prioritization of Issues
PHASE IV
Setting of Vision, Goals and Strategies

Development of
strategies and
priority actions
Evaluation of Strategies
Stakeholder Workshop III
PHASE V
Prioritizing Strategies and Actions

Preparing a City
Investment Plan
(CIP), financing
strategy and CDP
Stakeholder
Consultation
Listing of
Projects
Capital Investment Plan (CIP)

Preliminary Financial Operating Plan
Fourth Workshop/Draft CDP
Stakeholder
Consultation
FINAL CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Figure 1-2 Methodology
Page 23

2.
INTRODUCTION TO KAKARHATI
2.1
Introduction
Kakarhati is located in Panna District of Madhya Pradesh which is bounded by Panna District headquarter
in the North, Devendranagar in the North-East, Satna district in the east; Amanganj in the south-west,
Gunnour and Katni in the south. The city is located on 240 3336 N latitude and 800 1612 E longitudes
and about 25 Km away from Panna town on Sakriya Gunour road. Earlier Kakarhati is a Gram Panchayat &
now converted into Nagar Parishad in July, 2011. The total area of the Nagar Parishad is 25.85 Sq Km.
Kakarhati is the administrative headquarters of Devendranagar Tehsil. It is mostly surrounded by
agriculture fields and rocky area. It has an average elevation of 335 meters.
Panna district is famous for its diamond mines located in a belt of about 80 kms across the town.
2.2
Geographic Location
Kakarhati is situated in Panna District at an average elevation of 335 Mts 24 0 3336 N latitude and 800
1612 E longitudes and about 25 Km away from Panna town on Gunnor Sakariya road. There are no
villages under Kakarhati Nagar Parishad. Kakarhati Nagar Parishad itself comes under Devendranagar
tehsil. (Refer Map no. 1 & 2)
Table 2-1: Administrative Framework
Sr. No
Division
District
Sagar
Chattarpur
Sub-Division
Panna
Gunour
Pawai
Sagar
Panna
Ajaygarh
Devendranagar
Raipura
Amanganj
10
Shahnagar
11
Tikamgarh
12
Damoh
No of Villages
Kakarhati
Source: - Kakarhati Nagar Parishad & Census of India, 2001, 2011
Page 24

Figure 2-1: Location of Kakarhati
2.3
Climate
Climate plays a vital role in determining the landforms and the productivity of ecosystems. Rainfall,
temperature and winds are the principal climatic factors that significantly shape the physical setup in this
area. Kakarhati has subtropical climate characterized by hot summer, wet monsoon and dry winter.
2.3.1
Rainfall
The average annual rainfall of the district is 1350 mm. The region receives maximum rainfall during
monsoon period from June to September. Only 10 % of the annual rainfall occurs during non-monsoon
period, from October to May. The average rainfall in Kakarhati is 970 mm. Over 95% of the rainfall falls
between June and September, with maximum rain generally in July-August. However, small amount of
rainfall between November to May is also very important for agriculture in the whole region.
2.3.2
Temperature
The average maximum temperature recorded during the month of May is 40-480 C, and minimum during
the month of December is 8.40 C. The average annual mean maximum and minimum temperature of
Panna district are 31.60 C and 18.20 C respectively.
2.3.3
Humidity
The relative humidity generally exceeds 85% during the monsoon season in the month of August. Relative
humidity decreases during non-monsoon season. In summer season, relative humidity is less than 36 %.
May is the driest month of the year.
Page 25

2.3.4
Wind Speed
The maximum wind velocity of 6.8 Km/hr is observed during the month of June and minimum 2.3 Km/hr
is recorded during the month of November. The average annual wind velocity of the region is 4.3 Km/hr
and the generally wind direction is from west to east.
2.4
Physiographic Conditions
2.4.1
Topography & Drainage
The soils of Kakarhati are ferruginous and clayey. The soil in this region fall into two categories: red soils
and black soils. The soil is rich in potash and it is suitable for farming; some varieties of trees can however
be grown in it. The Kakarhati lies under the semi arid geological formation. It is hence not suitable for
farming; some varieties of trees can however be grown in it. A yellowish, light-colored variety of red soil,
called parua, is sandy and has some clay content. It is suited for cultivation of wheat.
Figure 2-2: Topography of the Town
2.4.2
Flora and Fauna
The temperate climate and the equitable distribution of rain make Kakarhati an ideal for dense
vegetation cover. The hills are mainly covered with Bamboo, Teak and Tendu, which provides seasonal
income to people living in and around forests, are found in abundance in Kakarhati.
In the Damoh plateaus, one also sees trees known locally as Dhawda (Anogeissus latifolia), Tinsa (Eugenia
delbergiodes) and Bija (Pterocarpus marsupium). Another very useful tree for people living around
forests is Mahua. Bamboo is found in small patches across the region. Forests and scrub lands are
intensively used by to source firewood for consumption and sale.
2.5
Connectivity & Linkages
2.5.1
Road Connectivity
Kakarhati is located on Sakria-Gunnour road. It is at a distance of 25 Km from district headquarter Panna

and 65 Km from Satna by road and around 70 Km from Khajuraho. The regular bus services are available
from district head quarter to town and other towns.
Page 26

Figure 2-3: Regional Connectivity with Kakarhati

Source:-Google Map
2.5.1.1 Location & Regional Connectivity with Kakarhati
Table 2-2 Distances from major towns/ Cities
S. NO
1
2
4
5
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
TOWNS/ CITIES
Gunnor
Devendranagar
Nagodh
Amanganj
Panna
Khajuraho
Satna
Ajaygarh
Chattarpur
Chitrakoot
Jabalpur
Bhopal
Katni
Maihar( Via Uchera)
DISTANCE FROM KAKARHATI (KM)

15
25
35
30
25
70
65
60
95
75
242
455
145
90
Source: - Google measurement & Stakeholder Consultation, 2012

Observation during Reconnaissance Survey
There is no bus terminal in the town. Buses stop on road itself.
There are no major intersections in the whole town.
Absence of footpaths for pedestrian movement.
Most of the internal roads are unmattled.
No parking lots in the whole Nagar Parishad area.
There is no intermediate transport in the city.
Informal establishment along roads reduces effective width of carriageway for vehicular
movement in the whole city.
There are no traffic rules & regularities in the city.
Page 27

Figure 2-4: Local Bus Stand & Panna-Kakarhati Road
Sagar Division falls on the East-West corridor of NHAI, connecting Jhansi, Sagar & Nagpur. This gives the
Division a great potential for spatial and economic development.
Figure 2-5: Gunnour _ Sakariya road
2.5.2
Rail Connectivity
Kakarhati is 65 Km from Satna Railway station & Khajuraho railway station is 75 Km from Kakarhati, which
is an important railway junction of the South Eastern Central Railway. At present the railway station
handles approximately 6000 to 7000 passengers every day.
Page 28

Railway station Khajuraho
Railway station Satna
Figure 2-6: Rail Connectivity with Study Area
2.5.3
Air Connectivity
The nearest airport to Kakarhati is Khajuraho which is almost 75 Km from Kakarhati & 245 Km at Jabalpur
away from Kakarhati. It is connected through NH 75 road. Satna has its own air strip but not in use for
regular flights.
Dumna Airport, Jabalpur
Khajuraho Airport, Khajuraho
Figure 2-7: Air Connectivity with Kakarhati
Thus Kakarhati is not having its own airport or railway station. But town is accessible as these junctions
are not too far away from the town. Town is connected to other towns and settlements by roads.
Page 29

3.
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
3.1 Population
Kakarhati has a total population of 8452 persons as per Census 2011. Males constitute 53% of population
& females are 47%. 19% of the population is under 6 years of age in Kakarhati. The area of Kakarhati is
25.85 Sq. km and the gross population density of the city works out to be 327 persons per sq. km in 2011.
Table 3-1 Comparative Population Analysis
Particulars
Total Urban Population
India
Madhya Pradesh
Males
Females
377105760
195803260
181302500
20059666
10470511
25395490
65935
4472
59386
3980
Panna District
125321
Kakarhati Town
8452
Source: Census of India, 2011 & www.censusmp.gov,www.censusindia.com
Figure 3-1: Comparative analysis of Population; 2011

3.2 Population Growth Trend
The decadal population growth trend has a negative growth rate in Kakarhati Nagar Parishad.
Table 3-2: Decadal Growth rate
Year
Population
1981
4336 ( Gram Panchayat)
1991
5909
2001
7104
2011
8452 (Nagar Parishad)
Source: Census of India, 2011 & Kakarhati Nagar Parishad
% Decadal Growth
36.2%
20.2%
18.9%
The decadal population growth rate of Kakarhati Nagar Parishad area is given in Table above. The decadal
growth rate of population was 18.9% in 2001-2011.
3.3
Spatial Population Distribution
In 2011, there are 15 wards in Kakarhati town. There is considerable variation in population within wards
with population ranging from 386 to 695 as per the census 2011.
Page 30

The Ward-wise population distribution of Kakarhati Nagar Parishad shows that the maximum population
is in ward no. 1 (695) while the lowest population is in ward no.3 (386).
Table 3-3: Ward wise Population of Kakarhati, 2011
Ward No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Name of the ward
T. Population
Lakshmi Narayan
Mahatma Gandhi
Mahaveer Swami
Rajeev Gandhi
Gouree Shankar
Indira Gandhi
Subhash
Chaturbhuj
Ravidash
Jawhar
Ambedker
Jagdish Swami
Rahman
Vivekananda
Azad
Total
695
568
386
685
650
563
437
456
512
526
427
633
661
619
634
8452
Male
375
288
203
374
339
310
237
241
269
276
230
325
347
328
330
4472
Female
320
280
183
311
311
253
200
215
243
250
197
308
314
291
304
3980
No of H.H
126
89
84
118
119
110
98
88
88
100
93
132
129
113
138
1625
Source: - Census of India Nagar Parishad, 2011
Figure 3.2: Ward wise population

Source: - Nagar Parishad, 2012
Highest population is residing in ward no 1 i.e. 695 and lowest population residing in ward no 3 i.e. 386.
3.4 Population Projections
The population has been projected up to 25 years i.e. the horizon year 2035 taking into consideration the
decadal population trend as well as the average of 5 population projection methods (Average Growth
Rate Method, Compound Growth Rate Method, Arithmetic Method, Incremental Method and Geometric
Method). As per the population projection by 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030 and 2035 the projected population
of Kakarhati town would be 10052, 114949, 14197, 16860 & 17448 i.e. 17500.
Page 31

Table 3-4: Population projection -2035
Year
1981
1991
2001
2011
Projected Population
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
Population
4336 (Gram Panchayat)
5909
7104
8452
% Growth
39.2%
20.2%
18.9%
10052
11949
14197
16860
17448
Figure 3-2: Population Projection-2035
18.93%
18.87%
18.81%
15.79%
18.75%
3.5 Schedule Caste & Schedule Tribe Population

As per 2001 census, Schedule castes (SC) contributes 29% & Schedule Tribes (ST) contribute 10% of total
population of KNP with the highest population of 373 in ward no. 5 while the lowest SC population to
total population is concentrated in Ward no. 8, 9 & 10. Figure illustrates that maximum concentrations of
SC population are in ward no. 5 & maximum concentration of ST is in ward no. 13. (Refer Map 3)
Table 3-5: Ward wise SC & ST Population
Ward No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Name of the ward

Total Pop
Lakshmi Narayan
556
Mahatma Gandhi
680
Mahaveer Swami
377
Rajeev Gandhi
596
Gouree Shankar
432
Indira Gandhi
536
Subhash
405
Chaturbhuj
443
Ravidash
545
Jawhar
331
Ambedker
289
Jagdish Swami
263
Rahman
467
Vivekananda
556
Azad
628
Total
7104
Source: Census of India, 2001 & Kakarhati Nagar Parishad
SC Pop
30
232
1
263
373
200
171
0
0
0
6
142
99
183
334
2034
ST Pop
210
161
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
296
9
0
684
Page 32

Table 3-6: % of SC & ST Population
Particular
Madhya Pradesh
Total Population
60348023
Panna
Kakarhati
Source: Census of India, 2001
Total SC POP
9155177
Total ST Pop
12233474
% SC
15%
% ST
20%
171353
2034
131796
684
20%
29%
15%
10%
856558
7104
Figure 3-3: Status of SC & ST Literacy rate

3.6 Literacy
Kakarhati has an average literacy rate of 70.3%, lower than the district and state level averages. Male
literacy rate is 79.4% whereas female literacy rate is 63% which is lower than the district level & state
level. The trend of educating female is less due to this reason female literacy rate is low. To encourage
female literacy, motivation & awareness is required & separate higher level of education institute for
female is necessary at Thesil level.
Table 3-7 Comparative Urban Literacy Rate
PARTICULARS
Urban India
Madhya Pradesh
Panna District
Kakarhati Town
Source: Kakarhati Nagar Parishad, Census of India, 2011
TOTAL
85.0
84.1
80.6
70.3
MALES
89.7
90.2
87.0
79.4
FEMALES
79.9
77.2
73.5
63.1
Figure 3-4: Comparative Urban Literacy Rate in Kakarhati
Page 33

Table 3-8: Ward Wise Literacy Rate
Ward No
Name of the ward
T. Population
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Lakshmi Narayan
Mahatma Gandhi
Mahaveer Swami
Rajeev Gandhi
Gouree Shankar
Indira Gandhi
Subhash
Chaturbhuj
Ravidash
Jawhar
Ambedker
Jagdish Swami
Rahman
Vivekananda
Azad
Total
T. Literates
695
568
386
685
650
563
437
456
512
526
427
633
661
619
634
8452
320
322
273
374
332
377
289
360
345
354
348
281
288
437
310
5010
Male
190
169
163
231
231
241
169
204
205
212
196
154
183
260
184
2992
Female
130
153
110
143
101
136
120
156
140
142
152
127
105
177
226
2118
Highest literacy rate is shown is in ward no 14 i.e. Vivekananda ward where as lowest literacy rate is
shown in ward no 3 i.e. Mahavir Swami Ward.
Figure 3-5: Ward wise literacy in Kakarhati

3.7 Sex Ratio
Kakarhati overall has sex ratio of 876, lowest compared to National, State & Panna district but population
under 0-6 years of age the sex ratio is lowest than compared to National, State & district. SC & ST sex
ratio is also lowest in Kakarhati compared to National, State & district averages. (Refer Map No. 4)
Table 3-9 Comparative Urban Sex Ratio
Particulars
Urban India
Madhya Pradesh
Panna District
Kakarhati Town
Sex Ratio
900
898
901
876
Sex Ratio 0-6

906
907
932
892
Sex Ratio SC
923
907
895
895
Sex Ratio ST
944
912
943
884
Page 34

Figure 3-6: Comparative Urban Sex Ration

Table 3-10: Ward wise Sex Ratio
Ward No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Name of the ward

Lakshmi Narayan
Mahatma Gandhi
Mahaveer Swami
Rajeev Gandhi
Gouree Shankar
Indira Gandhi
Subhash
Chaturbhuj
Ravidash
Jawahar
Ambedkar
Jagdish Swami
Rahman
Vivekananda
Azad
Total
T. Population
695
568
386
685
650
563
437
456
512
526
427
633
661
619
634
8452
Male
Female
Sex Ratio
375
320
853
288
280
972
203
183
901
374
311
832
339
311
917
310
253
816
237
200
844
241
215
892
269
243
903
276
250
906
230
197
857
325
308
948
347
314
905
328
291
887
330
304
921
4472
3980
890
Issues:
Literacy rate= Lower than urban India, State & district. Main reason of low literacy rate is lack of
educational facilities in town.
Sex Ratio= Sex ratio is also lower as compare to India, State & district. Reason is gender biasness &
backwardness of people who still believe in male dominant society. But the scenario is changing
mentality of people is changing as sex ratio increase in 2011 census.
Page 35

4.
Economic Profile
Kakarhati is largely an agricultural based economy. There are no big industries in the town at present.
However there are ever possibilities of small scale industries for future. Kakarhati serves as market centre
for nearby small villages for supplying various daily need commodities. The Monday & Friday weekly
bazaar serves the people of town as well as nearby villagers for their daily need commodities. Mahua
flowers, Tendu leaves and firewood are a major source of livelihood for the people of Kakarhati. Mahua
fruit, collected in June-July, is used in production of medicines and oil, and sold to middlemen. Whole
families, including children and the aged, are engaged in collection of these products. Tendu leaves are
the most important forest produce in Kakarhati and also in region. Wages from Tendu collection are a
crucial source of supplementary income to tribal families. Collection of firewood and sale in nearby
markets is a regular source of income for families of Kakarhati.
4.1 Work Force Participation Rate

Kakarhati has the lowest WFPR of 25% compared to National and State level Averages.
Table 4-1 Comparative Urban Work Force Participation Rate
Particulars
Total Workers
Urban India
92,278,654
Madhya Pradesh
4,893,293
Panna
373605
Kakarhati
2772
Male Workers
76,175,323
3,988,452
230945
1901
Female Workers
16,103,331
904,841
142660
801
WFPR (%)
32%
31%
43%
25%
Work force distribution indicates the economic base of the city. There are a total of 2772 workers in the
city as per 2001 Census of India out of which 2224 are main workers while 548 are marginal workers.
Worker Population in Kakarhati are farmer self employed or laborers. Other activities in the town are in
the form of small shops owned by the residents. Workforce participation rate in Panna District is high i.e.
43% compared to Kakarhati Nagar Parishad because population of Panna town is engaged in Sand &
Stone mines, Diamond Mines, Sand Quarrying activities & Agricultural activities.
4.2 Dependency Ratio

Kakarhati has the higher level of dependent population as compared to National, State and district level
averages. Like most cities females constitutes higher proportion of dependent population of more than
57% of total number of Non worker population.
Table 4-2: Comparative Non Worker Urban Population
Particular
T. Population
India
Madhya Pradesh
Panna
Kakarhati
286119689
60348023
856558
7104
Total
193841035
34554504
482953
4332
Non Worker Pop

Male
74378775
15249284
219604
1885
Female
119462260
19305220
263349
2447
% of Non
worker
68%
57%
56%
60%
Page 36

4.3 Workforce Distribution

Work force distribution indicates the economic base of the city. Majority of the workers are engaged in
primary activities such agriculture, trade & commerce. There are a total of 3962 workers in the city as per
2001 Census of India out of which 2619 are main workers while 1343 are marginal workers.
Figure 4-1: Workshop distribution in Kakarhati

4.4 Industrial Scenario

There are no industries in Kakarhati town. There are some flour mills and rice mills are also being run
successfully. Cottage industries based on local available natural and agricultural produce catering the
local needs such as Jaggery (Gur), basket, rope, mat weaving, bidi making etc are also popular. There are
no small scale units in the town.
4.5 Agriculture
Agriculture forms main economic base of Kakarhati. Rice & Wheat are the main crops of Kakarhati.
Cereals are the next important crop for Kakarhati. Cauliflower, cabbage, tomato, radish, carrot etc. are
some of the vegetables grown in the region. Wheat & Rice is the main crop of the region. It accounts for
the major portion of gross area sown. Gram is the next important crop for district.
Agriculture Data, Kakarhati Block: 2011-12

Sr. No
1
2
3
4
5
Name of Particulars
Wheat
Rice
Gram
Soybean
Masoor
Production(Tons)
4439
3702
1868
900
932
Source: - Agriculture Department, Panna, 2012
Page 37

Local people want to encourage agriculture more than any other industry. They want to encourage
irrigation facilities for agriculture. As per the potential of town, town needs to encourage Mandi &
godown to encourage agriculture & trade & commerce of Kakarhati.
4.6 TRADE & COMMERCE

The rich forests of the district have opened the doors of a flourishing trade in timber. The district borders
UP on the north over a long stretch of land. There are some road routes also connecting the district with
UP. The economic base of the town is trade and commerce. Kakarhati serves as market centre for nearby
small towns and villages for supplying various commodities. There are markets, specifically for some
products of daily needs & readymade garments. The Commercial area of the town is only on GunnorSakria road at local bus stand and Bazaar line in the inner part of town. (Refer Map No. 5)
4.7 Informal Activities

Informal activities form an important part of the economic fabric of the city. It is not just a major source
of employment but also provides affordable services to the majority of the urban population. Street
venders are an integral part of Kakarhati like any other medium size town.
The activities are mostly located strategically near work centers, commercial areas, outside schools and
colleges, religious places, tourist places, hospitals and transport nodes and near housing colonies. Street
venders may be stationery by occupying space on the pavements or other public/ private areas, may be
mobile in the sense that they move from place to place carrying their wares on push carts or in cycle or
baskets on their heads.
The total number of vendors in Kakarhati is approximately 50 as per the primary survey and observation
conducted by SGS Infotech Team. The percentage of static vendors is 10% and that of mobile vendors,
who carry their items on head, bicycles and Rickshaw thelas, is 10%. Street vendors are engaged in
vegetable vending, fruits vendors, non vegetarian item, selling readymade clothes and food vendors and
many of them are self employed as cobbler, porter, Barber, etc.
Table 4-3 Number of Vendors in Kakarhati
Total Static Vendors
Total mobile Vendors
Total Vendors in Kakarhati
50
20
75 (Approximately)
Source: Kakarhati Nagar Parishad & SGS Infotech Primary survey & Stakeholder Consultation
Page 38

Figure 4-2: Vender Scenario in Kakarhati

The area under the existing trades and commercial use are not adequate for the future needs of people.
There is a dire need for proper planning of the existing commercial areas, specifically the wholesale
markets. Some of the problems and issues associated with the trade and commerce are listed below.
Informal activities are doing encroachment on roads.
No industries in whole Nagar Parishad area for up liftmen of economy & status of urban poor.
Need to provide educational status for economic growth.
Figure 4-3: Thela, mobile shop and Weekly Market near to Bus Stand of the town
They mostly located themselves strategically at bus stop, commercial areas, outside schools and near
housing colonies. Street venders are mobile in the sense that they move from place to place carrying
their wares on push carts or in cycle or baskets on their heads.
Page 39

5.
Heritage and Tourism
5.1 INTRODUCTION
There are no major tourist places in Kakarhati except Local tourist places in the form of temples in the
town which are Bihari Jee Temple, Hanuman Garhi Temple, Gauri Shankar Temple. Panna district has
some popular religious tourism destinations including Chitrakoot and Maihar. Khajuraho is known for
world famous temples. Tiger reserve forest is one of the prime tourist destinations in Panna District.
Pandav Fall is also one of the local tourist destinations in the Panna District.
Preservation of heritage areas with modern development can serve purpose of business & sustainability.
5.2 HERITAGE & CONSERVATION

The Directorate of Archaeology has the responsibility of discovering, preserving and developing the
antiquarian remains, including monuments and potential sites. Moreover, it conducts excavations of the
important sites to unravel the mystery of the past. Through exploration, it also identifies the potential
archaeological remains. It, moreover, takes up the publication works on the related subjects.
There are no identified protected sites within city which are protected by the Directorate of Archeology.
5.3 TOURISM POLICY/ GUIDELINES AT THE STATE LEVEL

The main objectives of M.P Tourism policy aims at promotion and development of tourism in MP and to
transform tourism industry as a vital part of vibrant economic activities of the state.
The key initiative of the Government includes:
Setup & institutional mechanism to promote private investment.
Setup & effective regulatory mechanism for sustainable tourism.
Provide reception assistance information amenities hygiene security & infrastructure for the tourist.
Adopt the principal of first conservation later tourism for cultural heritage.
Make eco tourism and effective tool to sensitize masses regarding environmental conversation.
Ensure active and coordinated participation of Govt voluntary organization community and other
stakeholders of tourism sector.
Tourist information centers will be equipped with modern information & technology devices.
Human resources required for growth of tourism will be developed.
5.4 INVENTORY HERITAGE SITES

Panna is located strategically between major tourist destinations. There are some popular regional
religious tourism destinations including Chitrakoot and Maihar. Panna district also have an ancient city of
Buddhist culture named 'Bharhut', whose archaeological remains are displayed in many museums in India
and abroad. Tulsi museum at Ramavan, 100 km away from the city, has many unique artistic sculptures of
ancient times found in this area. Satna is the nearest railway station for world famous temples of
Khajuraho and many foreigner tourists can be spotted here at any time of the year.
Major Tourist Circuits
On the basis of the proximity of destination & linkages between them, State Govt. identified 4 major
tourist Circuits in the State.
Page 40

Gwalior-Shivpuri-Orchha-Khajuraho
Indore-Ujjain-Maheshwar-Omkareahwar-Mandu
Jabalpur- Bhedaghat-Mandla-khana-bandhavgarh
Bhopal-Sanchi-Bhojpur-Bhimbhetka-Panchmarhi
Tourist Destination & Circuits in Madhya Pradesh
Page 41

5.5 IDENTIFICATION & INVENTORY OF TOURISM POTENTIAL

5.5.1 Regional Tourism Potential
Figure 5-1: Regional tourists destinations around Kakarhati
Tourist Destinations & Description
Madhav Garh Fort: The fort is situated near Satna city. It is one of
the ruined of the ancient which is isolated and remained
untouched. Potential for developing a major tourist spot.
2.
Shri Vishnu Dham Temple: The temple is situated within the
Category
Heritage
SN
1.
Religious
Nagar limit of Kakarhati.
3.
Gauri Shankar Temple: The Lord Shiva Temple at Kakarhati is

Religious
also a famous and old temple in the Town.
Rangmahal: - It is in the south of the Kakarhati fort. Its sculpture is

Painting is very much similar to Khajuraho.
6.
Sri Jugal Kishor Temple, Panna:Religious
Religious
4.
Page 42

5.
Chitrakoot: Chitrakoot is a town of religious, cultural, historical

and archaeological importance, situated in the Satna district in the
Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh. It is known for numerous
temples and sites mentioned in Hindu mythology. Chitrakutas
spiritual legacy stretches back to legendary ages. It was in these
deep forests that Rama, Sita and his brother Lakshmana spent
eleven and half years of their fourteen years of exile.
Maihar: Maihar has a temple by the name of Sharda Devi situated

on the top of a hill about 5 km from the center of the town. This
temple is known for its stairway of more than 1,000 steps. Millions
of devotees throng to the temple throughout the year.
Religious
Bharhut: The ancient city of Bharhut, a center of Buddhist culture,

whose archeological treasures have been gifted to the major
museums in the country and the world. The Bharhut stupa
established by the Maurya king Asoka in the 3rd century BCE, but
many works of art were apparently added during the Sunga
period.
Religious, Cultural &

Archaeological
4.
Pandav Fall: - Pandav Fall is also one of the local tourist

destinations at about 15 Km from Panna. Pandav stay here at the
time of their exile period. There are some ancient caves
overlooking a large pool of water about 100 feet high, the fall has
a beautiful picnic spot.
Category

Archaeological
Tourist Destinations & Description
Religious
SN
6.
8.
Khajuraho: Khajuraho is a small town located in the Bundelkhand

region of Madhya Pradesh and is famous for groups of Hindu and
Jain temples. These temples are a UNESCO World Heritage Site for
their beautiful and erotic rock carvings.
Khajuraho has the Vindhya range of mountains as its beautiful
backdrop. This makes Khajuraho a more fascinating destination.
Griddhraj Parvat: Griddhraj Parvat is of great religious importance

in Hindu mythology. It was mentioned in Skanda Purana as
Griddhanchal Parvat.[5] It is believed to be the birthplace of
Sampati, the brother of Griddhraj Jatayu mentioned in
Ramayana
Religious
7.

Archaeological
6.
Figure 5-2: Local & regional Tourism
Page 43

5.5.2 Tourist Accommodation
The town has a Rest house and one small hotel for stay of visitors. Thus, accommodation for upper
segment and lower segment visitors is less.
Table 5-1: Accommodation units in Kakarhati
Sl. No.
Types
Kakarhati
1
Star hotels
2
Other private hotels
3
Govt. hotels/ Rest houses
4
Private Guest house
5
Dharamshala
6
Total
Source: Kakarhati Nagar Parishad & Primary Survey, 2012
0
0
0
0
0
0
5.6 PROPOSED TOURIST CIRCUIT- KAKARHATI

Kakarhati is 70 Km form Khajuraho temples & Khajaraho airport so it can act as the major transit point.
Basic tourist infrastructure like hotels, restaurants, tourist information centre etc. can be developed here.
At regional level tourism circuit can be developed on a theme based as given below
Adventure/ nature Tourism:
Panna-Sanjay National Park- Panna

Satna-Panna National Park-Amarkantak- Panna
Cultural/ Religious Tourism:
Kakarhati-Khajuraho- Chitrakoot-Panna
Panna-Birsinghpur-Amarkantak
Figure 5-3: Proposed tourism circuit-Satna

Source: CDP, Satna
Page 44

5.7 EXISTING REGULATIONS/ HERITAGE GUIDELINES AT THE ULB AND STATE LEVEL
The Tourism Policy of Madhya Pradesh envisages creation of an environment conducive to attracting
increased private investment in the tourism sector and a more meaningful role for the Government.
Strategy for development of tourism in the State includes the following areas:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Improvement and creation of adequate basic infrastructure-land, road, water, electricity etc.
Up gradation and augmentation of accommodation, catering and recreational facilities.
Augmentation of transport facilities.
Marketing of destinations to ensure optimal use of infrastructure.
Establishing and strengthening institutions for the development of human resources.
Evolving suitable policies for increasing foreign exchange earnings.
Promotion of the arts and crafts of the State.
5.8 ISSUES
S. NO
1
ASPECTS
ISSUES
STRATEGIES AND POTENTIALS PROJECTS
Heritage & Due to lack of infrastructure facilities Inventory of heritage buildings
Tourism
major tourist avoid staying in city.
Re-development and conservation of
Poor data base on heritage buildings.
existing religious temple within the city
Proper inventory of heritage buildings is
Development of Recreational areas and
required.
existing water bodies.
There is no major tourist potential within
the city, the existing potential heritage
sites are in the form of old Temples at the
time of Chandel Dynasty.
Page 45

6.
URBAN GROWTH SCENARIO
Study area covers an area of Kakarhati Nagar Parishad for purpose of future development. The Kakarhati
Nagar Parishad has developed from Village Panchayat. The Nagar area is surrounded by forest, barren
land & agriculture fields. Kakarhati is also connected by road with Panna District headquarter & Satna.
6.1 Spatial Growth Trend
Kakarhati town has developed along the Sakariya-Gunnor road. The town is surrounded by agriculture
fields. Town had been grown in the north and south side of the town. Fringe area of the town is either
agriculture land or open spaces; however, core area of the town is identified with by the dwelling units or
residential area.
Kakarhati is known as Garahi and in the name of Kankawati Queen it became Kakarhati since 300 B.C.
From this Garahi Kakarhati village is grown in the North- South direction along Sakariya- Gunnor road.
Most of the population is migrated from neighboring villages has encroached upon various open spaces.
The overall development of whole town is very irregular and indiscreet manner. At present new
construction are in north and south direction mainly along the Sakariya- Gunnor road as compared to the
others part of the town.
Figure 6-1: Map showing Urban Growth scenario

6.2 Future Need & Growth Direction
Looking at the growth of population and their requirements, future population for urban area,
considering the growth for subsequent years has been worked out till 2035. The Projected population
would require an additional land for future growth. A future growth direction has been envisaged based
on the existing growth of Kakarhati.
The future direction of growth has been envisaged based on the existing growth pattern and the
population projection. The past trends of development show growth in North South direction due to
Page 46

presence of suitable land. The proposed extension of its area based on existing trends. The extension is
mainly along the transportation lines. Growth Potential is also towards the north and south.
6.3 Land use Distribution
Study of the land use would enable us to understand the city as envisaged in the past and the direction of
its future growth and development. This section explores the changing pattern of land use over time. A
change in land use is inevitable over time. It reflects the needs and demands of the residents of the city.
The existing land use of Kakarhati indicates only 15% of the land is developed while 10% comes under
forested, hilly areas and water bodies. 70% accounts from agricultural land while the remaining accounts
for miscellaneous use.
Table 6-1: Land use Distribution
Land use
Area
Forest
0%
Residential
15%
Agriculture
70%
Industrial
0%
Roads & Circulation
1%
Commercial
1%
Public-Semi public
2%
Barrel Land
1%
Water Bodies
1%
Miscellaneous
Source: - Kakarhati Nagar Parishad & Primary Survey, 2012
UDPFI Guideline
8% -10%
10% -12%
2%-3%
68% -8%
The Table above shows the land use distribution in Kakarhati. The distribution shows that the agriculture
area contributes to the maximum land use with approximately 70 Percent which is higher than the
percentage given in UDPFI Guidelines. This is followed by area under Residential with 15%, while land
under public and semi public use is 2%, parks and the area under commercial contributes to the lowest
land use with 1 %. About almost 1% of the land is lying vacant and Barrel land.
Comparing with UDPFI guidelines the existing land use break up depicts that there is lack of organized
commercial area, industrial facilities and transportation infrastructure indicates lack of secondary and
tertiary activities in the city. The city is unplanned and has haphazard and organic growth. Incompatible
land uses are also observed in the existing land use map, which needs to be taken care of in future. Mixed
land use is also present in the whole town.
Figure 6-2: Land use Distribution

Source:- Kakarhati Nagar Parishad & Primary Stakeholder Consultation
Page 47

7.
URBAN SERVICES
This chapter presents the existing status of services in Kakarhati Nagar Parishad. The major sectors
include Water Supply, Sewerage, Drainage, Solid Waste Management and Urban Transport.
7.1 URBAN TRANSPORT

7.1.1 Road and Transport Network
The main access road to town connects Kakarhati to Panna & also connected with Gunnor, Amanganj &
Devendranagar. There is no public transportation system as well as bus terminal in town. There is one
local bus stop at Gunnor- Sakaria road. Due to small size of town most of the commuting in city by
residents is either by own vehicles or on foot. Town is connected by National Highway 75 through
Gunnor-Sakriya road as it is not having any direct connection with State or national highway. Total road
network of Kakarhati town is approximately 13 km long which is managed by Kakarhati Nagar Parishad.
Figure 7-1: Kakarhati-Gunnor-Sakariya Road

Table 7-1: Types of Road in Kakarhati
Sr. No
Types
Length (Mt)
%Age
1.
Mettled Soailing Cemented (CC)
6500
50%
2.
Kachha
4500
35%
3.
WBM
1800
15%
4.
Total
12800 Say 12.8 Km
100%
Remark
ROW varies
between 5-20
Meters
Source:- S.E (Sub Engineer) Kakarhati Nagar Parishad
Page 48

Figure 7-2: Types of Road in Kakarhati

The condition of roads in the table shows that nearly 50% of the roads are mattled and 35% of the roads
are unmattled or Katcha in the town. The wards in core city have organic growth with narrow lanes and
almost all wards have encroachment on roads. The roads are mostly narrow and the maneuverability of
the existing roads is difficult for emergency like fire tenders, ambulance etc. (Refer Map no. 6)
7.1.2 Public Transport
Total area of city is 25.85 sq. km, which is easily commutable by foot or by private vehicle. Thus there is
no form of public transport within the town.
Figure 7-3: Local Bus Stop & Commercial activities along the road
7.1.3 Terminals
7.1.3.1 Bus Terminals

There is no bus terminal in the town. Buses and other modes of transport are stopped on road. There are
no basic infrastructures at the bus stop. Bus stand can be purposed in ward no. 13 as there is Govt. land is
available for this purpose. Privately operated transport passes through the town. There is a major
problem of stray animal which create daily problem to the commuters and bus operators.
Condition of Local Bus stand, Kakarhati
No organized bus terminal in the town.

There is no sitting arrangement for passengers.
No provision of restrooms/ waiting hall for passengers.
Page 49

There is no workshop in town.
There is no community toilet near bus stand.
7.1.3.2 Rail Connectivity

Kakarhati is 65-70 Km from Satna Railway station & Khajuraho railway station is 70 Km from Kakarhati,
which is an important railway junction of the South Eastern Central Railway. At present the railway
station handles approximately 6000-7000 passengers every day.
7.1.3.3 Air Connectivity

The nearest airport to Kakarhati is Khajuraho which is almost 70 Km from Kakarhati & 245 Km at Jabalpur
away from Kakarhati. Satna has its own air strip but not in use for regular flights.
7.1.4 Parking Facilities

There is no organized on-street or off-street parking arrangement in the city. Most of the core town areas
of the city are characterized by narrow roads. The capacity of the roads is further reduced by vehicles
parked on the roadsides of the Bus Stand or along the road.
Potential Projects & future requirements for year 2035
a.
b.
Road Network
Present Mettled Soailing Cemented (CC)= 6.5 Km
Present Road length need improvement = 6.3 Kms
New road length requirement for year 2035 (lane Km) = 15.7 as say 16 km (Per capita 0.9 Mtrs Length)
Actual road length need to provide= 15.7-6.5=9.2 Km
Terminals
Construction of New Bus terminal with Shopping Complex in the town.

c. Public Transport System
Provision of economical, environment friendly and convenient public transport system.
d. Pedestrian facilities
Provision of footpath along the main road.
Page 50

7.2 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

7.2.1 Existing System
Presently Solid Waste Management practices are highly unsatisfactory. Generally no storage of waste is
done at source. Domestic, Commercial and Institutional waste are thrown on streets, footpaths drains
and water bodies. Solid waste collection and disposal in the town is the responsibility of Nagar Parishad.
7.2.2 Waste Generated per day
The total waste generation in the town is about 2.1 tons per day (Source: - As per UDPFI Guideline 250
Gram/Person/Day*Current Population) waste is generated in tons having population between 1to5 Lac
waste generation rate is low in smaller towns as compared to the cities having population over 20 Lac.
Total waste generated in the Kakarhati town is about 2.1 tons per day.
There is no effective system for primary collation of waste in most of the town. Some part of the town is
done by the sweepers of the Nagar Parishad. Street sweeping is not carried out regularly. The tools used
for street sweeping are insufficient and out dated. At most places waste lies on the roadside and
lowlands. 5 Hect of land is allocated for Solid Waste Management in ward no-1 namely Bhatiya Mohala.
But due to encroachment Nagar Parishad is not using this place for this practice. Fencing & Trenching is
not done. Segregation at source is not practiced and collection is made from bins placed at various
locations within the town. (Refer Map no. 7)
7.2.3 Collection
There is no proper system for primary collection of waste. Dust bins are located in some of the ward from
where workers collect the waste. Average of 1 tons of wastes is collected daily. The waste collected is
mixed, where bio-wastes, and waste from Sabzi Mandi are most. Waste is collected trice a day in week.
7.2.4 Storage
The waste collected is usually stored in open. Storage facilities are inadequate. Waste is usually seen
accumulated and not cleared regularly. There are no waste storage depots. Open sides of cement
concrete bins, metal bins and structures are used for temporary storage of waste. The bins used are very
unhygienic and waste can be seen more on outside the bins than inside. Bins are not cleared every day.
7.2.5 Transportation
Loading and unloading is done manually and waste is transported through openly. However, the city is
not properly equipped with solid waste handling or transportation equipments. Most of the transport
vehicles are loaded manually & transported by Tractor & Trolley of Nagar Parishad.
Table 7-2: Types of Vehicles for SWM in Kakarhati
Sl. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Types of Vehicles
Tractor
Trolley
Dustbins
Rickshaw Thela
Hand Thela
Number
1
1
8-10
20-25
10
Source: Kakarhati Nagar Parishad
Page 51

7.2. 6 Disposal
There is no processing of waste is done in the town. Disposal is done in most unsatisfactory method.
Generally crude open dumping is adopted for disposal of waste in low lying areas of the town. Hence
there is no organized place for disposal and a random dumping is primarily attempted.
7.2.7 Gaps and future requirement assessment
Total waste generated from urban area = 2.1 Ton/day
Waste collected and disposed = 1 Ton/day
Gap = 1.1 Tone/day waste is not collected
Future Generation = 4.36 Ton/Day Say 5 Ton (assuming 250Gram/ Person/Day as per UDPFI Guide lines)
7.2. 8 Proposed Solid waste Management in KNP area
To provide separate dust Bins for segregating solid waste.

To ensure 100% door to door collection system.
To provide appropriate vehicles for transportation of solid waste.
Develop scientifically designed land fill site for proper disposal of solid waste including segregation of
waste.
Disposal of recyclable waste through public auction to earn some revenue.
Utilizing other waste for land filling operation by spreading the waste on thin layers and compacted.
Collection of waste from vegetable markets, meat and fish markets separately & used for composing.
Collection of house hold waste at source by providing suitable liter/ garbage bins at convent places.
Figure 7-4: Unmanaged Solid waste in Kakarhati
Page 52

7.3 WATER SUPPLY

7.3.1 Source and Availability of water
Ground water is the only source of water supply in Kakarhati town. A significant volume of ground water
is also extracted through a network of bore-wells and hand pumps. The quality of groundwater is fairly
good but the groundwater level is depleting rapidly. The current groundwater level is at 30-100 ft. KNP is
in charge of operations and maintenance. Presently the water supply is being provided to the population
at the rate of less than 40-50 LPCD from 7:00 AM to 9:00 AM depend upon electricity which is far less
than minimum needs. Water contains Calcium & Iron but there is no water testing report with Nagar
Parishad. Water charged at fixed rate of Rs. 30/month for residential, Rs.50/month for Commercial
connection. (Refer Map 8)
Figure 7-5: Over Head Tank & other source of water in the Town
Table 7-3 Status of Water Supply in Kakarhati Nagar Parishad
S. No
1
2
3
4
6
8
9
10
11
Particulars
No. of Working Pumping Stations
Capacity of Pumping Stations (HP)
No. of OHTs
No of Tube wells
Length of water supply pipeline (KM)
Percentage of Population served
Total water supply demand for total pop (As per norm 135 LPCD)
Total water supply
Gap in water supply
Nagar Parishad Hand Pump
Values
2
670 LPM or 15 H.P
2
8
8 Km
60%
2.7 MLD
0.3 MLD
2.4 MLD
39
Page 53

S. No
12.
14.
15.
16.
Particulars
Values
Personal hand Pumps

Community Taps
Nagar Parishad Wells
Personal wells
60
3
45
50
Source: Kakarhati Nagar Parishad, 2012
7.3.2 Net work Storage

Water is supplied by gravity flow from OHT. Pipelines diameter in distribution network varies between 80
mm To 250 mm Pipe. The distribution pipelines are very old with PVC pipes. In many areas these pipes
are in dilapidated conditions and losses through leakage are very high. Total water supply pipeline length
is about 8 Km. There are 2 Over Head Tanks (OHTs) one is at Local Bus Stand near Nagar Parishad ( ward
no. 13) with capacity of 1.25 Lakh & other is in ward no. 8 with capacity of 2.10 lakh Liter.
Table 7-4: Location of Over head tank
Sl. No.
Location of OHT
Capacity (in Lakh Liter)
Remarks
Bus Stop Road
1.25 Ward no 13
functioning
Ward 8
2.10 ward no 8
functioning
Source: Source: Kakarhati Nagar Parishad, 2012
7.3.3 Treatment facilities of water

There is no Scientific Water Treatment Plant in the town. Water is treated or purified by putting bleaching
powder within a week.
7.3.3 Water Demand
The population within the KNP is 7104 according to 2001 census and 8452 according to census, 2011. The
projected population of KNP for the year of 2035 is about 17448. According to national standard (As per
UDPFI Guideline) the water requirement is based on 135 LPCD.
7.3.3.1 Projected Water Requirement for Kakarhati Nagar Parishad
Table 7-5: Projected water Requirement-2035
Year
2011
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
Population
8452
10052
11949
14197
16860
17448
Domestic + Fire Fighting

Industrial
1.14102
1.35702
1.613115
1.916595
2.2761
2.35548
0.01141
0.01357
0.016131
0.019166
0.022761
0.023555
Total
1.15243
1.37059
1.629246
1.935761
2.298861
2.379035
Leakages
0.172865
0.205589
0.244387
0.290364
0.344829
0.356855
Total Demand
1.3
1.6
1.9
2.2
2.6
2.7
Source: - Calculated Value by SGS Infotech, 2012

7.3.3.2 Gap Assessment and Future requirement
Estimated Water demand in year 2035 = 2.7 MLD/Day
Total Existing water supply demand = 1.3 MLD/Day
Total Existing water supply =0.3 MLD/Day
Page 54

Total Existing Gap in water supply = 1 MLD/Day
7.3.4 Depletion of ground water table
As earlier stated, there are about 2 Pumping station,8 Tube wells, 99 Hand Pumps in the town and &
water is lifting to OHT (Over Head Tank) through tube wells operating. Excess extraction of ground water
in town is continuously increased to match the demand. Rate of recharge of ground water table on the
other hand is decreasing due to factors namely, (i) Urbanization, (ii) No bylaws on installation of own
Submersible or Hand pumps and private connections.
7.3.5 Future source of water supply
As discussed earlier ground water is the only source of water supply in town. But as water is depleting at
rapid rate, only the ground water cannot be the source of future water supply. Thus to meet future
requirements of water, new source of water need to be identify. For Kakarhati town Medhasan River i.e.
3-4 km away from town is identified as future source of water.
Ken River
7.3.6 Strategies
It is proposed to provide 100 % coverage of piped water supply. It is envisaged that after implementation
of ongoing project KNP water shall be supplied at the rate of 135 LPCD for whole Nagar Parishad areas.
Installation of metering System: The KNP should encourage the consumer to take meter connection. The
connection cost and tedious documentation process are acting as entry barrier, especially for the poor.
The enhancement in treatment facilities and storage facilities should also be done in phases.
Short Term Strategies for KNP
Page 55
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

100 % Nagar Parishad water supply
Construction and operation of water treatment plant
Identify the water resources for the future
Replacement or Repair of the old/defunct system
Streamlining of household Connections as well as legalized connections.
Implementation of 100 % Consumer metering system
Awareness program for optimization of water use, recycling and recharging
Tariff planning to make Water Supply as Self sustaining Project
Implementation of Water Harvesting schemes
Long Term Strategies for KNP

1. Use of Recycled water for meeting horticulture and agriculture demands
2. Detailed Operation and Maintenance Programme
3. Implementation of Flood water harvesting scheme
Strategies for Development of Nagar Parishad Area
Finalized land use plan of Planning area is required to assess the water requirement, sewage generation
and length and diameter of water supply and sewage collection lines to be laid. Similarly, drainage
pattern can also be finalized after roads and development plans are ready. However, based on current
and projected population, estimated requirement of water is presented in above paragraphs. It is worth
mentioning that additional requirements of water storage and treatment shall also arise after inclusion of
planning area and infrastructure shall be planned accordingly.
7.4 STORM WATER DRAINAGE

7.4.1 Existing System
The water flows through the natural drains. The surface run off is mostly toward north to south & North
to South East. There are three ponds in the town namely are Badi Devi Talab in ward no 2, Banjara talab
in wars no 15 and Moorkatha Talaiya in ward no 4. There is a one big nalla in the town. In addition there
are number of small nalas which have their outfall into these natural water channels. These small water
channels discharge runoff from the surrounding areas. Most of the drains are in poor condition which
requires channelization and lining. (Refer Map No.9)
Figure 7-6: Existing condition of drainage in town
Page 56

7.4.2 Demand & gap
The total drain length required is considered as 130% of the road length. The existing total road length in
KNP is approximately 13 Km and future road requirement for 2035 is 15.7 say 16 Km.
Present Drainage Network =8 km
Present Demand = 130% of road length i.e. 130% of 13 = 17 Km
Present Gap =9 km
Future Drainage Requirement 2035 =21 km (As per Guideline 130% of Road Requirement)
Actual drain length need to provide= existing drain length- future required length i.e. 8-21=13 km
7.4.3 Strategies
It is proposed to provide 100 % provision for storm water drainage in the KNP area. In order to encourage
good quality of life and hygienic conditions in the city and especially for the urban poor KNP should
ensure stopping of disposal of sewage and domestic waste into storm water drains.
7.4.4 Strategies for KNP
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Design of 100% Drainage System for city

Channelization of flow, to prevent localized flooding
De-silting of all major drains
Providing drainage system along all roads
Educating people to stop disposal of sewage and domestic waste into drains
Provision of rainwater harvesting pits for all upcoming buildings.
Detailed Operation and Maintenance Programme
Root Zone Systems

Root zone systems are in use as a secondary treatment method in wastewater treatment systems. Root
Zone Systems are artificially prepared wetlands comprising of clay or plastic lined excavation and
emergent vegetation growing on gravel/sand mixtures and is also known as constructed wetland. This
method combines mechanical filtration, chemical precipitation and biological degradation in one step for
the treatment of wastewater. The system consists of 100mm top mud layer where plants are grown,
below which 100mm sand layer is provided and below the sand layer, 300mm of gravel layer is provided
for filtration. The water percolates through the top layer, gets absorbed by the roots and gets treated as
roots absorb the pollutants present in it and again the percolated water gets filtered as it passes through
the sand gravel layer. After the gravel layer, 100mm RCC slab is provided to prevent the infiltration of the
treated water. The treated water can be used to water the green landscapes. The beds can serve flows
ranging from 1m3/day to more. The constructed wetlands require sizeable land area - 2 to 5 m2/person.
A number of factors like low operating cost, less energy requirement and ease of maintenance attribute
to making root zone system an attractive alternative for wastewater treatment management system.
Page 57

Hence, the system becomes maintenance free and can run up to 50 to 60 years without any loss of
efficiency.
Advantages of Root Zone System:
No use of machinery and associated maintenance.
Low maintenance requirement.
Low Operation and monitoring.
Low energy requirements.
Establishment at the very location where the wastewater is produced.
It provides natural habitat for birds.
It is a green zone, it does not have mosquitoes problem.
Root zone system gives a very good performance of removing 90% BOD and 63% Nitrogen.
7.5 SEWAGE SYSTEM

There is no form of sewerage network in the town. Sewage and storm water flows through common open
drains. The houses have their own Soak pits. Even the pour flush latrines and toilets blocks are usually
connected to septic tanks which are further connected to drain/ nallah. (Refer Map 10)
Table 7-6 Type and number of Latrines
Type of Latrine
Total No. of house hold having toilets
Pit latrine
500
Water closet
200
Other latrine
100
No latrine
Source: Nagar Parishad Kakarhati & Stakeholder consultation
Sanitation in the town is very poor. Out of total households 50% households of the city have latrines
inside their houses and 50% households have no latrine facilities results in open defecation. This depicts
that more than 50% of the households resort to open defecation indicating the unhygienic livelihood of
the city. This leads to health and hygiene related hazards like epidemics of chicken guinea, cholera,
diarrhea etc.
Out of total household in poverty pockets no any individual toilets were found. Open defecation has been
observed in the majority of the slums. Ward no. 1, 3, 8, 14 & 15 are not having toilet facilities.
There are some community urinal facilities in the city, but many of them are in poor condition and are
not in working condition.
Page 58

Figure 7-7: Condition of Urinals facilities in town

7.5.1 Current Disposal system
The sewage flows through open drains which ultimately flow into low lying areas & Nala of the town.
There is no form of treatment before or after disposal. Local people are commonly using septic tanks for
sewage disposal.
7.5.2 Estimation of Sewage Load
There is a requirement to provide 100% coverage of Kakarhati city by underground sewage network
which are proposed to be part of city by 2035. Taking sewage generation @ of 80% of total water supply,
the future sewage generation will be as given in table below.
7.5.3 Future Sewage Generation in KNP area
Table 7-7: Future Sewage generation-2035
Sr. No
1
2
3
4
5
6
Year
Population
2011
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
Total
demand
8452
10052
11949
14197
16860
17448
Water Sewerage 80% of Water

requirement
1.3
1.6
1.9
2.2
2.6
2.7
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.8
2.1
2.2
Source: - Calculated Value by SGS Infotech, 2012

7.5.4 Gap and future requirement assessment
Present sewerage network gap in KNP = 100% of KNP Area
Present sewerage network gap outside KNP = 100%
Gap in Treatment Capacity = 100%
Sewerage generated= 2.2 MLD
Require STP= 1, Future Treatment Capacity Required in 2035 (of STPs) = 2.2 MLD say 3 MLD
Page 59

7.5.5 Strategies
Provision of an efficient sewerage system throughout the city needs to be put in place which can be
ensured by:
Laying sewage network lines in the city

Sewage treatment needs to be carried out before disposal
Provision of adequate public toilet complexes at public places and slums to ensure hygienic condition
and environmental sanitation
Recycle & use of treated sewage- Tapping of a portion of the sewage generated to be used for
greening of the open areas through Decentralized Waste Water System
In order to identify suitable projects for an efficient sewage system for the horizon period of 25 years, the
water demand and sewage generation has been estimated based on the projected population. The
completed and proposed projects in the city have been taken into account on the basis of which the gap
has been assessed.
DEWATS
DEWATS stands for Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems. DEWATS is rather a technical
approach than merely a technology package. DEWATS applications are based on principle of lowmaintenance since most important parts of system work without technical energy inputs. DEWATS
applications provide state of-the-art-technology at affordable prices because all of materials used for
construction are locally available. DEWATS applications provide treatment for both, domestic &
industrial. DEWATS applications provide treatment for organic wastewater flows from 1-1000 m3per
days. DEWATS applications are reliable, long lasting & tolerant towards inflow fluctuation. DEWATS
applications do not need sophisticated maintenance without considering facilities for necessary chemical
pre-treatment of wastewater from industries, DEWATS applications are based on four basic technical
treatments.
Advantages of DEWATS technology:
Providing treatment for domestic and industrial wastewater.
Low primary investment costs as no imports are needed.
Efficient treatment or daily wastewater flows up to 1000m3.
Page 60

Low maintenance costs.
Modular design of all components.
Tolerant towards inflow fluctuations.
Reliable and long-lasting construction design.
Expensive and sophisticated maintenance not required.
7.6 POWER SUPPLY & STREET LIGHTING

33 KV lines pass through the town provided by the Madhya Pradesh State Electricity Board (MPSEB) in
ward no 13. The Town has 214 street lighting out of which 50% are not functioning. MPSEB has charges
Rs.5.25 per Unit for Domestic connection & Rs.6 Per unit for commercial connection.
As per stakeholder consultation there are 5 transformers in city at present. Total capacity of these
transformers is 400 volt which is not sufficient for the whole Kakarhati town.
Figure 7-8: Electricity Sub Station & Street light in town

Table 7-8: Types of Street Light
Sr. No.
1
2
3
4
5
Types of street lights

Solar lights
Tube light
CFL Bulbs
Bulbs
Mercury
Total
Number
4
35
10
90
75
214
%age
2
16
5
42
35
100%
Source: - Nagar Parishad Kakarhati, 2012
Page 61

Figure 7-9: Types of Streets lights

Source: Nagar Parishad Kakarhati
As per primary survey most of areas which are situated on periphery of the city do not have street light
facility. In most of the areas street lights are broken or not functioning. There is no provision for separate
electricity line for street lights in city.
7.6.1 Gaps and future requirement assessment
Present Number of Street Lights =214
Present Demand= There is no demand for Street Light but which street light are broken or not functioning
they should be maintained.
Future Demand= 319 Street Light (Assuming that 1 street light is required on every 30 m stretch of road)
Total road Requirement 2035:- 16 Km So 16000 Meter/30 Meter =533 Street Light
Future demand- Present no of street light=319 Street Lights need to be installed in Kakarhati
7.6.2 SWOT Analysis
Sector
Water
Supply
Drainage
Strengths
Weaknesses
Efficient ground Irregularity in electricity supply

water level.
cause insufficient pumping of
Ground
water water.
quality is also Detailed layout drawings of
good.
water supply distribution lines
are not updated, making future
planning difficult
No By laws for installation of Sub
Mirsibles pump connections in
the town.
Absence of metered connections
Lack of Awareness for judicious
use of water, recycling and
recharging to prevent water loss
Most of the drains Encroachment along all major
are Semi- Pucca.
nallahs
Reduction in capacity of existing
drains due to dumping of solid
waste and road sweepings
Most of the Kuchha drains are in
deformed shape, these need to
be reconstructed with proper
Opportunities
Threats
Good
scope
for Water thefts are
recycling of water in common in the
the city
town.
Good
water KNP unable to
harvesting potential increase
water
due to favorable taxes as people are
topography in the not even willing to
watershed
pay existing tariff.
There is a lot of
scope for fisheries
related projects
Making
Rainwater No fixed growth
harvesting
pattern of city so
mandatory in all far
hence
types of buildings
development
of
Scope
for drainage network
development of good for
future
drainage system
requirement has to
be
done
very
Page 62

Sector
Strengths
Weaknesses
Sewerage
and
sanitation
Enough
Solid
biodegradable
Waste
part in solid waste
Managem
for
Vermi
composting and
ent
WTE
Abundant
solid
waste generated
for setting up of
recycling unit.
Urban
Transport
Kakarhati
is
strategically
Connected with
NH-75
Kakarhati
is
connected with
Gunnor and other
part
of
the
district.
City has only bus
stoppage in the
town.
lining
Encroachment of drains by
temporary structures or informal
shops.
Detailed layout drawings of
drainage network are not
available,
making
future
planning difficult
No sewerage system in the
town.
Lack of awareness in the people
regarding sanitation.
Lack of community toilets.
Low waste collection efficiency.
Lack of primary collection of
domestic solid waste from
households
Lack of segregation of solid
waste
No proper disposal from the
Kanji house, meat house waste
is collected and disposed off in
the Nagar waste itself
Vehicles used for solid waste
collection & transportation are
not adequate.
Opportunities
Threats
carefully.
Encroachment on
major nallahs
Possible outlet in
ponds
and
polluting
these
water bodies
Good possibility of
introduction
small
diameter
gravity
sewer system as pilot
project.
Good potential for No Landfill site
waste recycling esp. available to KNP
plastic waste.
Good opportunity to
renew old and worn
out
vehicles,
equipments
and
machines for SWM
and funding from
other donors
Good
scope
for
training and capacity
building
Shortage of road length

Good potential for All intersections in
Encroachments on most of the introduction
of city have either
internal roads by shops and environment friendly poor geometrics or
informal activities.
cleaner fuels like encroachment
Most of the existing roads are in CNG Auto in the Present on- street
poor condition
town.
parking
practice
Roads are narrow in the inner Good potential for has
reduced
part of the town.
introduction of solar effective width of
No organized parking facilities in signals for traffic road carriageways.
entire town.
management
and
No public transport in the city.
street lighting.
No Traffic signals in the whole
town.
No signage and signalized
intersection in the town.
Page 63

8. SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
This chapter presents the existing status of Education, Medical and other Facilities in City. The major
sectors include Education, Medical/ Healthcare Facilities.
8.1 Educational Scenario
Kakarhati has higher Secondary school, one middle school for Girls, 5 Primary Schools & 15 Anganwadi.
There is no Degree College, ITI or Technical College in town. There are playgrounds in schools but building
condition and infra structure of schools is not as per standards and condition of these schools is also not
satisfactory.
Table 8-1: Status of Educational Institutes
Sl. No.
Facility
Numbers
Govt. Primary School
Govt. Middle School for Girl
Govt. Higher Secondary for Boys & girls
S.C & S.T Hostel
Anganwadi
15
Total
24
Source: Kakarhati Nagar Parishad & Primary Survey, 2012
Figure 8-1: Govt. Secondary School & Girls Middle School in town
8.2 Medical Facilities
The medical facilities are unsatisfactory in the town with one Mini Primary Health Center having one
Dresser, one ANM with 2 are on permanent and 3 are on temporary basis. Kakarhati Primary health
center cater 10 to 15 patients every day. There is lack of health facilities in the town. This Primary Health
Center is not having lab & doctor at present. Numbers of beds in health centre are also not sufficient as it
serves total population of the town as well as population of surrounding settlements.
Table 8-2 Health Facilities in Kakarhati
Sr. No.
Health Facilities
Numbers
Mini Primary Health Center (6 Beds)
Private Doctor
Total
Page 64

Figure 8-2: PHC & Consultation with Staff

8.3 Entertainment
Parks, open spaces and green belts are the lungs of the town. Kakarhati has lacks of parks and open
spaces. The inner city area is congested and crowded with residential structures. The town is extremely
deficient in recreational facilities. There is no stadium, no play ground in the city. Childrens are using
open spaces as a play ground. There is no form of entertainment in the town.
8.4 Other Facilities
The other facilities in the town include One DCCB Bank but no ATMs facility is present. There is one Police
Thana in the town. There are no hotels, lodges or Dharamshalas in the Parishad area. (Refer Map 11)
Figure 8-3: Police Station & DCCB, Kakarhati

8.5 Demand & Gap Analysis
8.5.1 Education
Based on the data provided by the Nagar Parishad additional requirement by 2035 is assessed as per
UDPFI Guidelines. Analyzing the present status the requirement for Pre-Primary/ Nursery and Primary
School is 5. There is a gap of 4 of each educational facility, which will be required by 2035.
Page 65

Table 8-3: Demand & Gap analysis for Education facilities
YEAR
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
S. No
POPULATION
1
2
3
4
5
10052
Primary School
Senior Secondary School
I.T.I
Govt. Degree College
Para Medical Institute
11949
4
-
14197
16860
6
2
-
6
2
4
1
-
17448
PRESENT
STATUS
2011
Total
Requirement
3
1
-
7
2
-
1
0
0
0
8.5.2 Health
Based on the UDPFI guidelines, the demand and gap analysis for health facility in the city is assessed.
There is a dire need of Intermediate 30 beds Hospital or maintenance and up gradation of the existing
facilities.
Table 8-4: Demand & Gap analysis for Health facilities
2035
YEAR
POPULATION
S. No
1 Mini Primary Health Center

2 Intermediate Hospital (30 Beds)
2015
2020
2025
2030
10052
11949
14197
16860
17448
PRESENT
STATUS
1
-
8.5.3 Others
Other social infrastructure in the city like police station, milk distribution facilities, fire station etc. are
analyzed based on the UDPFI guidelines. The table below depicts the demand & gap in the city.
Table 8-5: Demand & Gap analysis for other facilities
S. No
1
2
3
4
POPULATION
2015
2020
10052
Police Station
Milk Distribution
LPG Go-downs
Fire Station
2
-
2025
11949
2
-
2035
2030
14197
3
-
PRESENT STATUS
17448
16860
3
-
3
-
1
-
8.6 SWOT
Sector
Strengths
Weaknesses
Town has only higher level Absence of good management

of educational facilities.
bodies.
Lack of Degree college,
Technical
and
Medical
educational facilities in the
town
No recreational facilities in the
institutions.
Lack of infrastructure (parking
lots, playgrounds, technical
equipments, etc.)
Up gradation of Mini Bad conditions of health
Health facilities
Health Center because
institutions.
there is no other medical Poor management.
facility in the town
Low doctor and patient ratio.
Education
facilities
Opportunities
Good scope of upgrading of
Govt. higher school to Senior
Secondary level and ITI.
Availability of land in the
institution
campus
for
providing infrastructure.
Technical colleges, medical
and engineering institution
could be proposed.
Good scope for proper up

gradation
with
fairly
treatment for the existing
facilities
Page 66

Page 67

9.
Housing
9.1 HOUSING SCENARIO

Housing Stock: The average household size in Kakarhati is comparatively lower compared to National,
State and District level averages thus indicating presence of mostly nuclear families.
PARTICULARS
Urban India
Madhya Pradesh
Panna
Kakarhati Town (Census-2011)
TOTAL POPULATION
286,119,689
15,967,145
108184
8452
NO. OF HH
55,832,570
2,915,725
20047
1625
AVG. HH SIZE
5.12
5.48
5.39
5.20
9.2 HOUSING CONDITION

The Census of India indicates that the housing condition can be assessed based on the structure of the
houses in terms of material used & durability. District & city wise comparison indicate a similar scenario.
9.2.1 Housing Condition on the basis of Livability
The houses in the city are categorized into Good2; Livable3 and Dilapidated4 condition indicating more
than 65% houses are in Kakarhati good condition.
9.2.2 Housing Condition on the basis of Structure Condition
82% of the houses in Kakarhati Nagar Parishad are permanent structures while 7% are Semi-Permanent.
9.3 OWNERSHIP STATUS

The ownership status at City level is comparable to the urban households at district level. At the city level
95% of Households are staying in houses which are owned while 5% are rented accommodations.
The total number of Households is less compared to the number of census houses within Kakarhati. 65%
of the census houses are used for residential purposes while remaining are used for other purposes.
Access to Services: 70 % of the households have access to water through water pipe line while 30 % have
access to water through Hand pumps & wells.
50% of the households do not have latrines. People are communally open defecation practice.
80% of the households do not have drainage facilities while 10% have Open Drainage and the remaining
10% have closed drainage connectivity.
Those houses which do not require any repairs and in good condition may be considered as 'Good' (Census of India)
Those houses which require minor repairs may be considered as 'Livable' (Census of India)
4
Those houses which are showing signs of decay or those breaking down and require major repairs or those houses decayed or
ruined and are far from being in conditions that can be restored or repaired may be considered as 'Dilapidated' (Census of India)
3
Page 68

Figure 9-1: Present Housing condition in town
Figure 9-2: Condition of open drains in town
9.4 PRESENT & FUTURE HOUSING DEMAND

As per Census of India 2001, the housing demand has been estimated taking into account the ideal size of
a household / dwelling Unit (DU) that is 5. The average household size in all wards is mainly higher than
the ideal household size.
Table 9-1: Future Housing Demand-2035
Ward No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Name of the ward

Lakshmi Narayan
Mahatma Gandhi
Mahaveer Swami
Rajeev Gandhi
Gouree Shankar
Indira Gandhi
Subhash
Chaturbhuj
Ravidash
Jawahar
Ambedker
Jagdish Swami
Rahman
Vivekananda
Azad
Total
T. Pop
No of H.H
695
126
568
89
386
84
685
118
650
119
563
110
437
98
456
88
512
88
526
100
427
93
633
132
661
129
619
113
634
138
8452
1625
Avg H.H. Size

5.52
6.38
4.60
5.81
5.46
5.12
4.46
5.18
5.82
5.26
4.59
4.80
5.12
5.48
4.59
5.20
Gap
139
113.6
77.2
137
130
112.6
87.4
91.2
102.4
105.2
85.4
126.6
132.2
123.8
126.8
1690.4
Demand
13
25
-7
19
11
3
-11
3
14
5
-8
-5
3
11
-11
65
Source: Census of India, 2011 & SGS Infotech estimates
Page 69

Based on the above assumptions, there is a gap for housing of 1690 houses. This indicates that there is a
demand for housing. The demand gap for housing is the highest in Ward No. 2 i.e. Mahatma Gandhi.
9.4.1 Gap Assessment

Present Housing Stock
1625
Existing Housing Demand (Gap)
65
Future requirement of housing in year 2035
1865
9.5 Issues & Strategies

S. NO
ASPECTS
Housing Stock
Housing
Ownership
Status
Housing Supply
Infrastructure
Provision
ISSUES
STRATEGIES & POTENTIAL PROJECTS
Average household size higher than Construction of 1865 houses with
state and district averages i.e. 6.12
private
investment
considering
Housing Demand of more than 1865
demand
units taking into account ideal HH size
as 5(five)
5% of the households do not own a

house thus are living in rented or
other type of accommodations
10% of the households can be

targeted for sale and marketing of
properties
The demand for housing are highest

in ward no. 2
Low Cast Group housing should be

planned considering demand
Status of physical infrastructure like

water supply, sewage and drainage is
poor in the city
Provision of Infrastructure in pockets

/ areas not covered.
Page 70

Page 71

10. SLUMS & URBAN POOR

The demarcation of slums in Kakarhati is not done on the basis of dominant pockets of dilapidated
housing condition. Here the whole ward having small no. of dilapidated housing is declared as slum
wards. It is therefore necessary to clearly define slums for slum improvement plans. The operational
definition of a slum that has been recently recommended by a United Nations Expert Group Meeting
(UNEGM) held in Nairobi from 28 to 30 October 2002 is as follows:
Inadequate access to safe water
Inadequate access to sanitation and other infrastructure
Poor structural quality of housing
Overcrowding and Insecure residential status
Based on the above operational definition, two wards of Kakarhati have slums within the Nagar Parishad
limits. In the state of Madhya Pradesh slums across the state are slowly but steadily changing for the
better.
10.1 SLUMS AND BPL POPULATION

The housing in the slums are in the form of temporary structures which are small patches of mud huts
with roofs made from straw or scrap tin sheets from Oil and Biscuit cans and boxes. The major
concentration of slums in the town in ward numbers 6, 7, 10, 13 & 14 (:- Census of India, 2011 & Nagar
Parishad-2012). These slums are recognized by Nagar Parishad. There are 130 household in ward no 13,
114 households in ward no 14 & 100 household in ward no 15. Most of the slum population are residing
in ward no 13. 9.53% or say 10% of the total population belongs to BPL population beside that 70% of the
slum population is Secluded Caste category. The slums have developed in low, poorly drained, scrub
lands.
Poor do not have access to safe drinking water and sanitation. In Kakarhati the slum population has
access to pit latrines and open defecation practice which are unhygienic and a breeding ground for
several diseases. The solid waste generated by the families is disposed off in open areas, which pollutes
land and water. (Refer Map 12)Following is the data of Population in slum of Kakarhati.
Table 10-1: % of BPL Population in Kakarhati
Ward No
6
7
10
11
13
14
Name of the ward

Indira Gandhi
Subhash
Jawhar
Ambedker
Rahman
Vivekananda
Total
Pop
B.P.L Population
563
437
526
427
661
619
2806
85
62
44
18
57
43
309
Source: Nagar Parishad, 2012
Page 72

10.2 ACCESS TO LAND AND LAND TENURE

The slums in Kakarhati are on government or private land. The government from time to time is taking
initiative in the slum households to provide legal ownership.
10.3 Availability of Basic Infrastructure in Slums

10.3.1 Road & Street Lighting
The internal roads of the slums are of PCC and most of them are kacha. The width of these roads is
average 3 m ranges from 1 m to 4 m. Most of the roads in slums required urgent repair. The level of the
road is higher than the plinth level of the house. In rainy season water in road drain in to the house and
create a situation of flood.
Electricity charges are Rs. 4.5 per Unit. There is high fluctuation in the electric supply and mostly (i.e. avg.
of 10 To 12 hrs.) remains low voltage. There is no provision of street lights in the internal roads of the
slum. Most of the street light is not working properly.
10.3.2 Water Supply
Water is a major issue in the slums. The main sources of water in the slum are hand pumps and wells.
There is no regular interval of supply of water, however sometimes there is no supply for 5 To 10 days.
Families in slums have their own hand pump to avoid this irregularity.
10.3.3 Sanitation in Slums
Sanitation is a very important aspect of slum development. It directly impacts the cleanliness, health and
hygiene of the individuals. Population in these pockets does not have private toilets. There is no
community toilets is present in these pockets. Open defecation has been observed in the majority of the
slums.
10.3.4 Sewerage System in Slums
Sewerage System is absent in slums. All the sewage from the households is disposed directly into the
open drains.
10.3.5 Solid Waste Management in Slums
Most of the households dump their wastes in the open. There is no provision of waste collection was
observed at the time of survey. Waste collected from their doorstep is still not in practiced. Dust bins are
located far away from the slum pockets.
10.4 STATUS OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Access to Social infrastructure is an important factor for human development especially in Slum areas.
This section highlights the availability of educational and medical facilities within the slum pockets.
10.4.1 Educational Facilities
There are few Private Primary Schools in the slums which are not sufficient for the education of their
children. These schools are not having even basic requirement of drinking water and sanitation facility
for students.
Page 73

10.4.2 Health Care Facilities
As per the primary survey conducted very less percentage of the slum pockets have access to Health care
facilities within the distance of 500 Meters-1kms. There is only one Mini Primary Health Center in
Kakarhati which serve the total population of town and nearby villages of the town.
10.4.3 Social security schemes and beneficiaries
There are numerous schemes and programmes in the State of MP which are specifically for promotion
and development of the urban poor which is the final beneficiary. The most recent schemes which are
on-going programmes are:
Rajiv Awas Yojna (RAY): The MP government has sought strong support from the Centre to promote
a slum-free society in the state under the Rajiv Awas Yojna (RAY) announced in the Union budget in 2009.
Integrated Child Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)
ICDS seeks to provide supplementary nutrition, health care and pre-school education to children below
the age of six. The programme also covers adolescent girls, pregnant women and nursing mothers. ICDS
services are provided through centers known as Anganwadi. Under this scheme settlements that have at
least 40 children under the age of six and no Anganwadi, Anganwadi should be set up within three
months of rural communities and slum dwellers making such a demand.
Mid-day Meal Scheme
The Mid-day Meal scheme is the result of a November, 2001 order of the Supreme Court in the Right to
Food case, directing state governments to provide cooked mid-day meals in all government and
government-assisted primary schools. The meals should provide to each child and every day of school for
a minimum of 200 days in a year.
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
SSA aims to provide useful and relevant elementary education for all children in the 6-14 years agegroup, bridging social, regional and gender gaps, and with the participation of communities in
management of schools. SSA also supports pre-school learning in ICDS and other centers. SSA provides
funds for making the schooling system useful and absorbing; it also supplements resources for building
elementary education infrastructure.
Backward Region Grant Fund (BRGF)
BRGF, set up in 2006 under the Union ministry of Panchayat Raj, provides a good opportunity to identify
challenges and opportunities in backward districts and make realistic plans with involvement of people
and elected representatives up to the district level.
State governments have to first set up district planning committees (DPCs); funds are transferred to the
district directly from the Union Ministry of Panchayat Raj, on the basis of district development plans
drawn by Panchayat and DPCs, and approved by state governments.
Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium Towns (UIDSSMT)
UIDSSMT partially helps small and medium towns get over chronic resource problems. UIDSST provides
funds for water supply, sewage and solid waste management schemes; re-development of old congested
areas and construction of roads and parking spaces. The central government provides 80% of the funds
for projects appraised by a state-level implementing agency. Some measures have to be taken to get
Page 74

funds; these include increasing revenue from property tax and levy of user charges. With such reforms
there is also good scope for private-public partnerships.
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna (RKVY)
RKVY, launched in 2007, provides 'additional central assistance' to Central government and state schemes
related to agriculture. Among the projects funded by RKVY is region-specific agriculture research and
preparation of district agriculture plans, taking into account local needs and conditions.
Summary of Findings
Lack of basic services in the slum area.
No toilets facilities in the slums. Open deification is in practices in the slum area.
Lack of education & health facilities.
Most of the population is using hand pumps in the slum area.
Most of the people are engaged in primary activities basically wood picking, agriculture laborer.
Infrastructure facilities like water supply, storm water drainage, solid waste management etc
requires up gradation.
Social Infrastructure facilities are poor in the town There is only one Community healthcare
Centre which is serving the whole town.
10.5 ISSUES & STRATEGIES

ASPECTS
ISSUES
STRATEGIES & POTENTIALS
Slum dwellers are using hand pump & well

Water Supply
for drinking water.
& Losses
Wastage of water due to improper water
connections taps and joints.
Power line connections hang haphazardly
Power
&
and dangerously
Electrical
People are using illegal electricity
Issues
connection
Drainage
Waste
Management
Sewage
Problems
Settlement
No connection to main drainage trunk

lines thus mixing of sewage and runoff
which has no out fall
No form of cleaning thus creating
environmental and health related issues
within the slums
Garbage is dumped on the side of streets
and open drains and not cleared
Garbage problem further breeds health
and environmental problems - a breeding
ground for mosquitoes, flies etc.
Sewage system does not exist in the city.
Immediately construction of sewage lines
are required
Open defecation is prevalent in some of
the slums
Clear Demarcation of slum boundaries are
missing
Humans and Animals live side by side thus
Provision of authorized water supply to housing

units in the slums
Check on water losses and theft
Provision of authorized power supply to all housing
units
Metering of Power supply
Up-gradation/ rewiring of existing supply lines
Provision of drainage connections
Regular cleaning of drains
Provisions of bins and storage units at regular

intervals for waste collection
Regular collection and disposal of waste to avoid
health hazards
Provision of sewage and their connections
Construction of Pay & Use type toilets at all major
public places
Clear demarcation of slum boundaries

Provision of management of animal waste in the
slums
Page 75

ASPECTS
ISSUES
STRATEGIES & POTENTIALS
cause major environmental and health

problems
Problem of Animal and Human waste in
open drains
Lack of clarity of boundary of slums / Emulating good practices in slums, spreading and
Institutional &
poverty pockets
regularizing them across the city
Governance
Payment for Electricity supply
Payment for other Services provided by KNP
Organizing Slum Communities that have the
authority to resolve local problems
Establish modes of official communications
between the communities and KNP as and when
required
Page 76

Page 77

11. ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE CHANGE

11.1 INTRODUCTION
Urban areas face a number of environmental challenges. Although the scale and intensities of the
problem varies sector wise. The impact on quality of human life is significant. The environmental
challenges faced in the urban areas are serious and have significant impact on the health, natural
resources and socio-economic performance.
This chapter takes a closer look at the environmental status of various components of the environment to
identify the activities and causes for its deterioration and has made an attempt for preparing a basis for
preparation of environmentally sustainable City Development Plan 2035 for Kakarhati town on the basis
of baseline information gathered with regard to environment quality, resources and services.
11.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Sustainable Development as defined by Brundt land Commission emphasis the synergy between economic
development, social equity and environment.
Urban environment is an important component for the sustainable development of a city. This chapter
attempts to assess the existing status of the urban environment of Kakarhati.
Broadly following parameters shall be considered to address the dimension of environmental
sustainability of the CDP.
Environmental quality and resources of city

Land use
Socio-economic characteristics of city
In order to create a sustainable and organized pattern of development of a city, environmental analysis is
done to assess status of environmental quality and resources. This includes an analysis of relevant
environmental parameters viz. climatic condition, physiographic condition, vegetation, air quality, water
quality, water bodies, disaster preparedness & management, waste management etc. Details of waste
generation have been already elaborated in previous chapter. To assess vulnerability and preparedness
to disasters a brief assessment of aspects of Disaster Management Plan has also been elaborated.
The assessment of status of environmental quality and resources shall be major guiding factor and basis
for formulation of projects and programmes of City development Plan 2035.
11.3 PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES

11.3.1 Physiography and Topography
The soils of Kakarhati are ferruginous and clayey. The soil in this region fall into two categories: red soils
and black soils. Red soil, locally called pathari, are found over granites, from which it is derived, and is
seen in shades of brown, yellow or grey, depending on the iron content. The soil is rich in potash, but has
poor phosphate and nitrogen constituents. It is hence not suitable for farming; some varieties of trees
Page 78

can however be grown in it. A yellowish, light-colored variety of red soil, called parua, is sandy and has
some clay content. It is well aerated and easily accepts water and is suited for cultivation of wheat.
Figure 11-1: Physiographic Map of the Region
11.4 CLIMATIC CONDITION

Climate plays a vital role in determining the landforms and the productivity of ecosystems. Rainfall,
temperature and winds are the principal climatic factors that significantly shape the physical setup in this
area. Kakarhati has subtropical climate characterized by hot summer, wet monsoon and dry winter.
11.4.1 Rainfall
The average annual rainfall of the district is 1235 mm. The region receives maximum rainfall during
south-west monsoon period from June to September. About 89.3 % of annual rainfall is received during
monsoon season. Only 10.7 % of the annual rainfall occurs during non-monsoon period, from October to
May. The average rainfall in Kakarhati is 950 mm. showers with lighting and hail are witnessed. Over 95%
of the rainfall falls between June and September, with maximum rain generally in July-August. However,
the small amount of rainfall between November to May is also very important for agriculture in the
whole region. Kakarhati got moderate annual rainfall, ranging from around 750 mm in the north-west, to
1250 mm in the south-east.
Rainfall during the month of July
Figure 11-2: Monthly Rainfall in town
Page 79

11.4.2 Temperature
The average maximum temperature recorded during the month of May is 40-470 C, and minimum during
the month of December is 8.40 C. The average annual mean maximum and minimum temperature of
Panna district are 31.60 C and 18.20 C respectively.
Table 11-1: Average Temperature of Kakarhati
Sr No.
Average Max Temp (OC)

26.67
30.97
31.17
40.52
45.7
42.9
39.98
32.3
32.14
33.94
30.62
25.95
Month
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Average Min Temp (OC)

4.25
11.58
12.86
18.66
21.46
22.42
18.18
19.06
20.45
19.14
15.54
12.36
Figure 11-3: Average Temperature of town

Source:- District Statistical Department, 2008
11.4.3 Humidity
The relative humidity generally exceeds 85% during the monsoon season in the month of August. Relative
humidity decreases during non-monsoon season. In summer season, relative humidity is less than 36 %.
May is the driest month of the year.
11.4.4 Wind Speed
The maximum wind velocity of 6.8 Km/hr is observed during the month of June and minimum 2.3 Km/hr
is recorded during the month of November. The average annual wind velocity of the region is 4.3 Km/hr
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11.5 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT

11.5.1 Ground water Quality
The city has a water table just 30 -100 ft below ground level and landscape is green throughout the year.
Water pollution includes both surface water pollution and ground water pollution. There is no data
availability regarding surface water quality status and pH value variations in the existing water bodies.
The analysis is based on field observation and primary survey. The surface quality status of the town
shows that the continuous addition of household waste sewage into the pond water may cause reduction
in dissolved oxygen levels below detected limits. The ponds are open source used for washing clothes,
cleaning vehicles and for taking bath. The ponds are is also a source of drinking water for animals.
Figure 11-4: Condition of Existing Ponds of town

11.5.2 Noise Level
An automobile in urban area has proved to be a major cause of noise pollution. The movements of heavy
trucks, buses, trains, three wheeler tempos motorcycles, scooters, mopeds, jeeps falls under the list
whose cumulative sound outcome is called noise pollution. There is no such type of noise pollution in
Kakarhati Town because there are no industries and heavy volume of traffic in the town. Though the
pollution levels are not alarming at present, it may reach threshold level. Pollution control measures need
to be formulated and enforced.
11.6 CITY ENVIRONMENT

11.6.1 City green spaces (gardens and recreation)
Kakarhati Town lacks in large green areas in the form of parks and open spaces. There are no parks and
recreational field in Kakarhati town.
11.6.2 Environmentally Sensitive Zone
The Kakarhati town natural features and unique ecosystems are valuable scenic and recreational
resources, and can contribute environmental services.
The protection and conservation of ponds are the assets of the citys setting are important which will
further enhance the quality of life of the residents and the visitors alike. In order to achieve this goal
mapping the environmental sensitive zone is prerequisite to protect and preserve green spaces, ponds
and sensitive areas and to create a culture of sustainability.
To accomplish this goal, the following objectives have been identified:
Page 81

to protect open spaces, environmentally sensitive areas and access to natural amenities;
to manage development in such a way as to avoid negative impacts on the natural features &
environmentally significant areas which ensure ecosystem resilience;
To protect, conserve, restore and enhance natural areas in the form of Ponds and Temples.
11.7 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT /DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

Disaster is an unexpected event due to sudden failure of the system, external threats, internal
disturbances, earthquakes, fire and accidents. An efficient communication system is absolutely essential
for the success of any disaster management plan. Preventive action would be worked out in consultation
with local authorities involving police, fire and hospital department.
There is one potential disaster the city might face which includes Fire especially in the congested areas
and in the time of Harvesting i.e. May to July. The dynamics of change in urban settlements due to large
scale population has led to the evolution of mixed land use. There are chances of epidemic due to lack of
sewage and solid waste disposal system for the city particularly in slums. These increase losses during
disasters. The situation is the same in Kakarhati.
Thus a disaster mitigation plan should be prepared for the city.
A Disaster Management Plan should incorporate the following factors
Incorporating disaster mitigation measures within the infrastructure planning process

Infrastructure services should be improved and enhanced to meet the requirements of the
existing and future population
Specialised infrastructure should be developed to cater to the city in times of emergencies
Awareness Programmes should be conducted at city and community level
11.8 ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

The impacts on urban environment are perceived at various levels starting from household level,
community level, city level and if unchecked can multiply to issues at regional or national level. This
section highlights the environmental issues that need to be addressed to improve the environmental
health of Kakarhati.
11.8.1 Air pollution

Air pollution in the city is localized and limited to roads and the core city. While pollution in core city and
along arterial roads is due to increased traffic, pollution is also a result of burning of wood and charcoal in
low-income houses and slum areas. There is no such type of air pollution in Kakarhati Town because
there are no industries and heavy volume of traffic in the town. Though the pollution levels are not
alarming at present, it may reach threshold level.
11.8.2 Land Pollution

The main cause of land pollution in Kakarhati is improper solid waste management system. Indiscriminate
dumping of garbage and the absence of a sanitary landfill site are among the reasons for increasing
leachate contamination and land pollution.
The large no of septic tanks most of which are unlined or do not have soak pits are also one of the main
reasons of land pollution in the city. Consultations and field visits have revealed that large no of septic
Page 82

tanks are emptied into the open drains or that septic tanks do not have impermeable lining. Wastewater
is also disposed of directly into open drains from where it percolates into the ground and pollutes land.
There is a need of extensive awareness generation activities in this regard. Currently there are 5 To 10
community Urinal which is not functional due to lack of cleanliness and shortage of water. The
households not having access to either private or community toilets eesort to open defecation near the
settlements. Wastewater is also disposed of directly into open drains from where it percolates into the
ground and pollutes land.
11.8.3 Water Pollution

The surface as well as ground water of the city is contaminated as has been discussed earlier. Water
resources in the city are polluted due to disposal of sewerage directly into the surface drains or surface
water bodies. Ground water contamination is essentially due to large no of septic tanks in use in the city.
11.8.4 Fire Hazards

While it is difficult to predict and prevent natural hazards, manmade hazards can be avoided or mitigated
through preventive actions. Kakarhati vulnerability to fire hazard is likely to increase with increasing
population density and as the urban fabric becomes denser, chances of fire incidences would also
increase at the time of harvesting or in the month of May To July.
11.8.5 Water logging

Water logging and improper drainage has been identified as one of the urban environmental issues
during stakeholder consultations. Chocking of roadside drains due to garbage disposal, inadequate design
etc are the causes of improper drainage in the city.
11.9 ISSUES & STRATEGIES

ASPECTS
ISSUES
STRATEGIES AND POTENTIALS PROJECTS
Lack of green cover & open spaces in Demarcation and Development of Recreational areas
Green Cover &
terms of Park & Playground.
Plantation programmes to increase green cover
Open Spaces
There are no notified recreational areas
within the city.
in term of Play ground.
Good potential for development of more parks &
green open spaces
Water
The water bodies are highly polluted
Good potential for water recharge
Bodies
Encroachment also seen as one of the Rejuvenation & management of Ponds and small water
main problems
bodies of the city.
Highly congested areas vulnerable to Installation of specialized infrastructure for disaster
Disaster
disasters like fire etc.
preparedness
Preparedness
Training & Capacity building of Police, Local body
and Mitigation
personnel in disaster preparedness
There is a requirement for purchasing more fire
brigade vehicles
There is shortage of manpower for fire man
Water logging and flooding in the slum Rehabilitation /repair of drainage systems to be
Drainage
areas.
undertaken
Sand gets deposit in drains during rain. Drainage improvement works in city
Indiscriminate dumping of garbage
Upgrade SWM infrastructure and facilities
Solid
Waste
Land Pollution by leach ate & Spread of Sanitary landfill site for the city
Management
vector diseases
Public awareness and education
(SWM)
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12. INSTITUTIONAL FRAME WORK & FINANCE

12.1 INTRODUCTION
The city of Kakarhati is managed and governed by a number of institutions. This chapter lists the various
agencies involved in urban governance. A preliminary assessment of the functions of Kakarhati Nagar
Parishad as well as the reforms adopted till date to strengthen the governance mechanism has been
analyzed. The first section outlines the institutional arrangement of the city. The second section assessed
the financial strength.
Functioning of Kakarhati Nagar Parishad is governed by The Madhya Pradesh Municipalities Act, 1961.
Kakarhati Nagar Parishad performs obligatory & discretionary functions, as incorporated in said Acts.
12.2 INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT

Organizational Structure
The governance structure of KNP is divided into two wings viz., administrative wing and elected wing.
Kakarhati has Chairman-in-Parishad System. Chairman in Parishad comprises 15 elected members from
15 wards. Chairman is Chairperson of the Parishad. Also, there are functional committees on various
subjects, namely executive committee, finance committee, health committee, license committee, house
tax committee, electric and public lighting committee
The Nagar Parishad is an institution of self government which is a body corporate by the name of the
Nagar Parishad with perpetual succession having a Board of Parishad elected from each ward and exofficio members of the House of People and Members of the State Legislative Assembly registered as
electors within the Nagar Parishad area.
The Chairman elected by the majority of Parishad is the executive head of the Urban Local Body and
presides over the meetings of the Nagar Parishad Board and is responsible for governance of the body.
The Chief Municipal Officer appointed by the State Government is a whole time principal executive
officer of the Parishad for administrative control of the ULB. Other officers are also appointed to
discharge specific functions.
Figure 12-1: Organization structure
Page 84

Functions
The Kakarhati Nagar Parishad has been empowered by the provision of State Urban Local Bodies act to
perform certain obligatory and discretionary functions.
Table 12-1: Functions of Kakarhati Nagar Parishad
Sr. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Functions
Provision of water supply
Provision of drainage and sewerage
Construction and maintenance of roads
Street lights
Establishing Nagar markets
Provision of fire services
Public vaccination
Provision of schools and hostels
Establishment of technical training centre
Planning social and economic development
Slum improvement and up gradation
Urban poverty alleviation
Burials and burial grounds, cremation ground and electric crematoria
Regulation of slaughter houses
Remarks
Obligatory
Obligatory
Obligatory
Obligatory
Obligatory
Obligatory
Obligatory
Obligatory
Discretionary
Obligatory
Obligatory
Obligatory
Discretionary
Discretionary
12.3 Municipal Finance

Kakarhati Nagar Parishad has been assigned a range of functions related to the provision of public
services. They strive to meet the costs of constructing and maintaining these services and facilities. The
revenue receipts comprise of own sources (taxes and non-taxes) of the Parishad as well as grants. Capital
receipts comprise revenues earned from sale of land, general grants from state and central governments
and various loans. Revenues are raised to cover capital investments and recurrent revenue expenditures.
The raised revenues must be utilized to attain needs of public as well as to enhance the development of
city as a whole. Expenditure comprises infrastructure works, slum up gradation, salaries, wages,
establishment, operations & maintenance, interest, debt servicing, loan repayments & refunds.
Figure 12-2 Structure of Kakarhati Nagar Parishad Finances
Page 85

Revenues are raised to cover capital investments and recurrent revenue expenditures. The raised
revenues must be utilized to attain the needs of the public as well as enhance the development of the
city as a whole. The expenditure comprises infrastructure works, slum up gradation, salaries, wages,
establishment, operations & maintenance, interest, debt servicing, loan repayments and refunds. The
table below summarizes the revenue and expenditure sources:
Table 12-2 Summary of Revenue and Expenditure Sources
REVENUE
INCOME from Govt. Grant
Moolbhoot Suvidha
12th Finance Commission
Stamp Duty
Waterworks Maintenance
Road repair
Scarcity
Slum Development
Income from Govt. Grant for Development & welfare scheme
Sarve Shiksha Abhiyan
M.P.U.S.P.
U.I.D.S.S.M.T.
I.H.S.D.P.
Income from Tax Revenue
Octroi Compensation
Property Tax
Water Tax
Passenger Tax Compensation
Advertisement Tax
Drain Tax
Sewage Tax
Income from Non Tax Revenue
Fees from Hawkers Temporary Shop
Compounding
Rent from Municipal Building/ Market Shop etc.
Tower Permission Fees
Building Permission Fees
Encroachment Fees
EXPENDITURE
Capital Expenditure
Matching Share for Project
Mayor Nidhi & Parshad Nidhi
Drilling Tube well and Laying New Pipelines
Construction of New Road
Construction of New Building
Municipal Vehicle
Beautification of City
Revenue Expenditure
Salary and Pension
Electricity
Loan Repayment
Tube wells and Waterworks Maintenance
Road and Building Maintenance
Scarcity (Water Transportation)
Advertisement Expenditure
Nala & other drainage system Maintenance
Sports Activities
Others
Revenue expenditure comprising of salaries and wages, establishment, operation and maintenance and
interest payments, has a major share in the total Kakarhati Nagar Parishad expenditure.
The details of actual income and capital income of the Kakarhati Nagar Parishad are as follows:
Table 12-3 Income Profile of Kakarhati Nagar Parishad, 2008-10
Year
Revenue
Income
Capital
Income
Total
Income
Revenue
Expenditure
Capital
Expenditure
Total
Expenditure
Surplus/
Deficit
2008-09
15973350
7246900
23220250
24484860
5352903
29837763
-8511510
2009-10
16473715
4075000
20548715
7971800
1466000
9437800
8501915
2010-11
30131714
3927000
34058714
13611052
22282960
35894012 16520662
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12.4 ISSUES & POTENTIALS

ASPECTS
Functions
Revenue
Sources
ISSUES
Kakarhati Nagar Parishad is the core
organization
governing
planning
&
management of city. There are other
departments that facilitates service delivery
mechanism such as PHED, PWD, Police etc.
Thus presence of multiple departments has
created the issue of multiplicity.
Overlapping of functions of various
departments
Government grants are the major revenue
sources for Kakarhati Nagar Parishad.
However, the local body are unable to utilize
these sources to their optimum level
STRATEGY & POTENTIAL

Encourage Coordination and Cooperation among
various departments within the city
Encourage e-governance - Development of
database to hasten decision making and speed up
projects
Increase transparency by visibility of micro and
macro level data, functions and decision in all
departments
Billing of services can provide revenue sources
Regular Payment of Property Tax
Payment for Water supply- Metering option for
various uses
Payment for Electricity supply
Payment for Garbage Disposal
Payment for other Services provided by
Kakarhati Nagar Parishad
Revenues for the Kakarhati Nagar Parishad can be
further utilized for O & M to enhance services.
Regulation of activities by enforcing byelaws can
add to revenue
Initiatives & More focus is required to enhance

Regulate the activities by enforcing byelaws like
Reforms
The revenue source and
Slaughter houses/ meat market bylaws
Capacity of the human resource to sustain Marriage Hall/ Garden Byelaws
the ongoing programmes
Maintenance, improvement, construction and
cleaning of existing drain
Latrines and Washing places
Maintenance and improvement of public street
Camping on public ground
Management of municipal market
Private Market
Removal or Improvement of insanitary building
For hoardings and signage in the city
Non
The NGOs are not that active in the urban Greater involvement of NGOs in development
Government
development sector in Kakarhati.
activities
Organization
Organizing Slum Communities that have the
s
authority to resolve local problems
Environment and conservation
Establish modes of official communications
between communities & Kakarhati Nagar
Parishad as and when required
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13. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS

13.1 INTRODUCTION
This section communicates the progress in the preparation of the Kakarhati City Development Plan and
the work done till date.
The SGS InfoTech team had started the assignment with the preliminary reconnaissance survey and data
collection. The stakeholder consultations and data collection is still in process.
13.2 CITY STAKEHOLDER PROFILE

Various stakeholder groups were identified during the Reconnaissance Survey. Two core groups of
stakeholders were identified:
1. Primary Stakeholders, beneficiaries of a development intervention or those directly affected (positively
or negatively) by it. They include local population, poor and marginalized groups who have traditionally
been excluded from participating in development efforts such as slum dwellers, and organizations such
as NGOs, traders organizations, hoteliers and other associations.
2. Secondary Stakeholders, those who influence a development intervention or are indirectly affected by
it. They include and project staff, implementing agencies, local Govt., civil society organizations, private
sector firms and other development agencies.
13.3 STEERING COMMITTEE

Based on stakeholder, City Level Steering Group has been formulated. In this group residents are
represented by elected representatives, different government agencies. This committee is chaired by
Honble Chairman.
The City level Steering Group is under process. The CLSG is chaired by the Chairman, Nagar Parishad in
which majority of the steering group members participated.
The key officials present included the following
1. Smt. Maya Bai Dhayat (Chairman, Nagar Parishad)
2. Mr. Raj Kishor Pandey (Dept. Chairman, Nagar Parishad)
3. Mr. R.D. Shukla, Naib Thesildar
4. Mr. Pravesh Kr. Pal (CMO- Kakarhati)
5. Mr. Lokender Singh, S.E (Sub Engineer)
6. Mr. R.K. Sharma, Asst Revenue Inspector
7. Mr. Amit Chobey, Accountants, Kakarhati
SGS InfoTech Team Members Included
1. Mr. Satish Saini (Team Leader
2. Mr. Binesh Kr. Nirman (Sr Urban Planner, Project Manager)
3. Ms. Alka ,Urban Planner
4. Mr. Rajesh Badola, Sr. GIS Expert
5. Mr. Deepak Uprati, GIS Expert
6. Mr. Rajib Lochan Mahani, GIS Expert
Page 88

Smt. Maya Bai Dhayat, Chairman & Mr. Raj Kishor Pandey, Dept. Chairman, Nagar Parishad enquired with
SGS InfoTech about the approach and methodology of the preparation of the CDP. He requested that the
suggestions/opinions of the members of the ULBs should be taken into consideration while preparing the
CDP from the initial stage itself.
Mr. Satish Saini, Team Leader, Mr. Binesh Kr. Nirman, Project Manager, & Ms Alka, Urban Planner of SGS
Infotech conveyed that the preliminary reconnaissance survey has conducted for Kakarhati. Mr. Binesh
Kr. Nirman, Project Manager, assured Chairman & CMO that the consultants have already considered
keeping in mind the suggestions and opinions of the ULB members from the beginning and shall continue
on a regular basis for the whole assignment.
The Chairman highlighted and suggested various points to be considered while preparing the CDP
Removal of encroachment as well as highlight corrective measures along with advantages &
disadvantages
Developments of Stadium, Technical College and OHT should be proposed in the CDP.
Consultations with Mr. Panna Lal Soni, Ward Counselor & Other Nagar Staff
Consultations with Mr. Lokender Singh, Sub Engineer & CMO, Kakarhati
Page 89

Consultations with CMO & Dept Chairman, Kakarhati

Figure 13-1: Consultation with Primary Stakeholders, Kakarhati
Figure 13-2: Consultation with Secondary Stakeholders of Kakarhati
Page 90

13.4 PRE WORKSHOP CONSULTATIONS & DATA COLLECTION

Preliminary reconnaissance survey was conducted as well data collection was initiated in the town.
Stakeholder consultations were also conducted in the town.
Meetings were conducted with the following key officials in Kakarhati
1. Mr. Raj Kishor Pandey (Dept. Chairman, Nagar Parishad)
2. Mr. Pravesh Kr. Pal (CMO- Kakarhati)
3. Mr. Lokender Singh, S.E (Sub Engineer)
4. Mr. R.K.Sharma, Asst Revenue Inspector
5. Mr. Amit Chobey, Accountants, Kakarhati
Data collected include the following:
1. Kakarhati Base & Ward Map
2. Last five year Budget document.
3. Augmentation water supply scheme
4. Other relevant secondary data
13.5
1ST KCKOFF WORKSHOP
The 1st Kick off Workshop in Kakarhati was held on 20th December, 2011 with presence of CMO &
Chairman of Kakarhati Nagar Parishad.
Page 91

1st Kick off Workshop dated on 20st December, 2011
Figure 13-3: Presentation By Mr. Binesh Kr. Nirman, Project Manager ,SGS Infotech & Participants
Figure 13-4: Welcome address by Mr. Raj Kishor Pandey, & Mr. Pravesh Kr. Pal, CMO Kakarhati
1st Kickoff Workshop Participants with Ward Counselor & other Citizens of the town
Page 92

Mrs. Khatoon Bai, Ward Counselor
Mr. Manik Lal Pandey, Principal
Mr. R.D. Vishwakarma, Retired Sub Engineer
Mr. Garzan Singh, Ward Counselor
Post Workshop Discussion with Chairman & Post Workshop Discussion with Dept. Chairman
other ladies Ward Counselor
& Mr. CMO
First kickoff Workshop Proceedings

Proceedings of the Meeting in Kakarhati CDP 1st Workshop, held on 20, Dec 2011
The meeting started with Mr. Binesh Kumar Nirman, Project Manager (Urban Planner) of SGS Infotech
Welcoming the Chairman Smt. Manab Doha at,& Dept Chairman Mr. S.P. Pandey, Mr. R.D.Shukla
Thesildar, Chief Nagar Officer Mr. Parvesh Kr. Pal, Mr.Manik Lal Pandey, Principal Higher Secondary
Page 93

School, Kakarhati, Parishad ward Members, official of the Nagar, other Senior citizens of the city. Mr.
Binesh Kumar Nirman went on to briefly explain the Salient Features of the CDP, the process followed
while preparing a CDP, the Workshops, Stakeholder Consultations and their importance, the different
stages of the CDP.
He then concluded by asking the Stakeholders to devote time in enhancing the CDP by providing their
inputs, suggestions and ideas on projects that they would like to see happen in the next 25 years. Mr.
Binesh made a detailed PPT Presentation on all the components of a CDP.
The Presentation was followed by Discussion and Suggestion from the Participants as follows:
The Chief Municipal Officer Mr. Parvesh Kr. Pal thanked SGS Infotech and M.P. Govt. for selecting
Kakarhati.
Conservation & beautification of Ponds & Temples.
Up gradation of water pipe lines in the whole town.
Construction of bus terminal in town. The local bus stop is not in a proper way it should be in a
planned manner.
Up gradation or widening of road is must in the Parishad area.
Construction of new OHT.
Similarly the roads and the nalas are not properly planned.
Education facilities.
Mr. S.P Pandey Dept Chairman then informed that:

Up gradation of Primary Health center (PHC) & construction of at least 50 Beds General Hospital
needs to be addressed.
Encroachments are also a big problem needs to be addressed at the earliest.
Lack of toilets and consequently open defecation has become a public nuisance and needs to be
addressed on a priority basis as well.
He specified that a Bypass or a Ring Road would be of great help in solving much of the future
Transport problems in Kakarhati.
The drainage and the Nalas in the city are in an absolutely pathetic state he felt, and need
immediate attention on a priority basis.
Construction of new OHT for solving the water supply problems in the Nagar area.
Depleting drinking water resources he thinks is another serious problem that Kakarhati will have
to face, and the problems needs to be addressed on a war footing.
Mr. Manik Lal Pandey urged that the problem faced by the town lacking basic services, such as:
Sanitation, drainage
Health facilities
Play ground or Stadium in the town.
Construction of welcome gate at the entry of the town.
He pointed out how the construction of roads is done periodically putting layer over layers.
Drinking water problem needs to be addressed on a priority basis.
Roads and the nalas are not properly planned.
Education facilities should be improved up to senior secondary.
Opening of at least on nationalized bank with ATM facility.
Construction of cold storage at the priority basics in the town.
Page 94

Mr. R.D.Vishwakarma, Retired Sub Engineer then informed that:
Construction of community hall in the town at a priority basis.

Construction of Kangi House in the town.
Construction of grain market in the town.
Opening of at least on nationalized bank with ATM facility.
He also felt that there was a lot of encroachment on public land should be removed and
alternatives be provided on an urgent basis.
Mr. Binesh Kumar Nirman, Project Manager of SGS Infotech then thanked the participants for their
proactive and meaningful participation and helping SGS Infotech.
13.6 2ND WORKSHOP

The 2nd CDP Workshop in Kakarhati was held on 30th March, 2012 with presence of Dept Chairman, CMO
& Mr. R.D Shukla Tehsildar of Nagar Parishad Kakarhati.
Workshop Discussion with Dept. Chairman, Mr. R.D.Shukla Thesildar and CMO
2nd Workshop Proceedings
Proceedings of the Meeting in Kakarhati CDP 2nd Workshop, held on 30th March, 2012
The meeting started with Mr. Binesh Kumar Nirman, Project Manager (Urban Planner) of SGS Infotech
Welcoming the Chairman Dept Chairman Mr. S.P. Pandey, Mr. R.D.Shukla Thesildar, Chief Municipal
Officer Mr. Parvesh Kr. Pal, Mr. Sharma Revenue Officer and other official of the Nagar Parishad. Mr.
Binesh Kumar Nirman went on to briefly explain the Salient Features of the CDP and data analysis, the
Page 95

process followed while preparing a CDP, the Workshops, Stakeholder Consultations and their importance,
the different stages of the CDP.
Mr. R.D.Shukla Thesildar then informed that:
Construction of community hall in the town at a priority basis.
Drinking water problem needs to be addressed on a priority basis.
Up gradation of education facilities in the town.
The CMO Mr. Parvesh Kr. Pal thanked SGS Infotech and M.P. Govt for selecting Kakarhati.
Construction of new bus terminal in the town.
Up gradation or widening of road is must in the Parishad area.
Construction of new OHT.
Mr. S.P Pandey Dept Chairman then informed that:

Construction of new OHT for solving the water supply problems in the Nagar area.
The Problem of Urban Poor is a major problem which is also a great concern as there are no basic
services such as lack of roads, no toilets and no insufficient water in the slum area.
Mr. Binesh Kumar Nirman, Project Manager of SGS Infotech then thanked the participants for their
proactive and meaningful participation and helping SGS Infotech.
13.7 3RD Workshop Proceedings

Proceedings of the Meeting in Kakarhati CDP 3rd Workshop, held on 19th Oct, 2012
The meeting started with Ms. Alka Kaundal, Urban Planner of SGS Infotech Welcoming the Chairman Mrs. Mayabai, Deputy Chairman- Mr. Raj Kishore Pandey, Chief Municipal Officer - Mehmood Hussan,
Mr. Parvesh Kr. Pal, Mr. Manoj Kumar Chaturvedi and other official of the Nagar Parishad. Ms. Alka
Kaundal went on to briefly explain the Salient Features of the CDP and data analysis, Project identification
& description of City Investment Plan & Financial Operating Plan & there funding process to Nagar
Parishad.
Mr. Raj Kishore Pandey Deputy Chairman:
In CIP emphasize should be on agricultural projects.
Development of irrigation facilities for agriculture.
Electricity problem should be cover in CDP
The Chief Municipal Officer Mr. Hussan:
Construction of Godown etc for encouraging agriculture.
Emphasize on dams for irrigation.
Mr. Noor Mohammand:
Dam construction should be part of CIP.

Construction of Ghat should also be the part of CIP.
Page 96

Up gradation of Anaj Mandi.
Several roads are mentioned by him to be improved & construct.
Ms. Alka Kaundal, Urban Planner of SGS Infotech then thanked the participants for their proactive and
meaningful participation and helping SGS Infotech.
3rd Workshop dated on 19th October, 2012
Figure 13-5: Presentation By SGS Infotech & Participants
Figure 13-6: Welcome address by Mr. Hussan, CMO Kakarhati
3rd Workshop Participants with Ward Counselor & other Citizens of the town
Page 97

14. CITY VISION AND SECTORAL GOALS

14.1 CITY VISION
Two Workshops have been conducted as well as individual consultations with various stakeholders during
the process of formulation of city vision and sectoral goals. A city comprises of an uncountable number of
stakeholders living in or out of the town. It is a very tedious and time taking task to have a city level vision
statement over which each and every stakeholder agrees. After a long discussion a city vision for the
development of the city Kakarhati was formulated.
The vision is stated below:
To develop Kakarhati with eco friendly manner with inclusive & sustainable development of
physical & social infrastructure
This vision provides us an inspiration to think in some innovative way to achieve it. It is important here to
note that the traditional approaches and ideologies have also to be given importance while thinking of
new strategies to be incorporated. The quality of life should always be improved by applying the
strategies to achieve the city level vision. While discussing during the 1St workshop to till, it was noted
that generally people cannot think beyond the ward level aspects. The government employees, eminent
person of the town and other stakeholders were easily giving inputs in the process. The poor were
concerned about the access to basic services and employment. At the same time traders were focusing
on generation of spaces for better commercial activities. The aspect of tourism and environmental
sustainability was raised by almost all the stakeholders. It was agreed that the above stated vision will be
able to achieve all the expectations of the stakeholders present in the workshop.
Several other visions that reflect the interests and dreams of stakeholders are:
An environmentally sustainable green city
A self-sustainable city
A food processing Units.
Page 98

14.2 SECTOR GOALS

After finalizing the city vision it is necessary to set the sector specific goals to achieve the vision. A
technical assessment of each sector was presented before the stakeholders and then a scenario was
offered regarding the existing situation. The entire stakeholder is interested to develop Kakarhati as a
food processing units. The suggestions were totally based on the analysis done for each sector and it was
completely assured that the goals proposed by the stakeholders should not get influenced by some
specific person or a group of influential people. The sector wise goals thus finalized are tabulated below:
S.N.
SECTOR
GOAL
Water Supply
To provide wholesome water to all and reduced water losses
Sewerage System
To ensure access to sewerage system for all using all kinds of

environment friendly waste disposal and treatment systems
Drainage
To achieve city level comprehensive and sustainable drainage system by

regarding the existing natural drainage
Solid
Waste To achieve and promote environmentally sustainable waste management
Management
practice
Urban
Transportation
Urban Environment Development of parks and open spaces at ward levels

& Entertainment
Education
To promote quality educational facilities in the city with special focus to

the marginalized section of the society
Health
To provide quality health facilities with special focus towards Community

Health Center and General Hospital facilities
Housing & Slums
To provide shelter for all with basic services & infrastructure facilities
10
Power supply
To ensure access to power to all and strengthen power supply system in

city
11
Urban Governance
To promote participatory, efficient, equitable, accountable and

transparent urban governance system for the city
To achieve comfortable, sustainable, equitable and efficient transport

system in city and also promote CNG
Page 99

15. CITY INVESTMENT PLAN

15.1 INTRODUCTION
The City Investment Plan is an important element and is significant in terms of the citys management
process and sustainability with regard to the delivery of basic services. The estimation of funds required is
done based on schedule of rates, Department of Urban Administration & Development Govt of Madhya
Pradesh which is enforce from 10th May, 2012.
The need for updating is on account of:
Reassessment of city growth and infrastructure needs ( to be carried out once in five years)
Detailed feasibility/ engineering studies carried out of new projects.
Rescheduling of investments on ongoing projects due to cost and/ or time overruns.
Reassigning priorities within the constraints of available financial resources
Goals for CIP
Provision of capital facilities that sustains city populace.

Preservation of the physical integrity capital assets.
Capital facilities to be considered community assets.
Project Identification and City Investment
15.2 SUMMARY OF CITY INVESTMENT KAKARHATI NAGAR PARISHAD

After the assessment of investment to be done for each sector, estimation of phase wise investment
required in each sector is done. Phasing is done for twenty five years & funds required are distributed in
three phases. The first phase will be initial five years which start from 2013 to 2017. Second phase will be
from 2017-2025. Third phase spans from 2025-2035. Part B of this chapter describes financial operating
plan for execution of planned projects.
The projects identification has been done based on the strategies listed out under each of the sector. The
projects derived based on the Nagar Parishad estimates and aimed at ensuring optimal and efficient
utilization of existing infrastructure systems. The total estimated capital investment required for
providing efficient services to the population of KNP by the year 2035 is about Rs.6309.26 Lakh. The table
below presents the summary of sector-wise investment requirements.
S.No
Sector
1 ECONOMY, TRADE & COMMERCE

2 HOUSING & SLUMS
Total Investment (Rs. Lakh)

550.00
397.00
3 WATER SUPPLY
4 SEWERAGE
5 DRAINAGE
6 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
7 URBAN TRANSPORTATION
9 EDUCATION
10 HEALTH
%
9.59
6.92
600.80
282.25
10.47
4.92
350.00
176.34
6.10
3.07
2785.00
27.00
48.56
0.47
80.00
1.39
Page 100

11 URBAN ENVIRONMENT
13 URBAN GOVERNANCE
Sub Total
132.50
2.31
310.80
5.42
44.00
5735.69
0.77
100.00
573.57
Land Acquisition & other escalations @ 10%
6309.26
TOTAL
The Urban Transportation sectors account for largest share of investment. Almost 51.23% of investment
is directed towards this sector for improving the transportation of city. Around 10.12 % of investment has
to be devoted to Economy, Trade & Commerce. While almost 7.30% is attributed to Drainage & Housing
& slums. The percentage share of each sector is presented in following diagram below.
15.3 SECTOR WISE INVESTMENT

The projects identified for city of Kakarhati & its sector wise investment is given in following sections:
15.3.1 Water Supply
There is a gap of around 3 MLD (@ 135 LPCD for target year 2035) of supply in KNP. The total investment
required for this sector will be around 600.8 Lakh.
III WATER SUPPLY
1
2
4
Quantity
Construction of water treatment plant

Construction of Tube Wells
Construction of OHTs
6 Distribution pipeline (CI)
7 Provision of consumer meter on all connections
8 Water Conservation awareness programme
SUB TOTAL WATER SUPPLY
Unit
Unit Rate (
Rs. Lakh)
Cost (in
Rs. Lakh)
3
3
1
MLD
No.
80
10
240
30
1 MLD
10
650
HH
0.03
10
261.3
19.5
40
Lump sum
600.8
15.3.2 Sewerage
Total sewage generation by target year is estimated to be around 2.2 MLD. Total investment required for
this sector will be around 282.25 Lakh. Details of investment required for this sector are as below:
Page 101

IV SEWERAGE
Quantity
Construction of sewerage treatment plant of 2.2

MLD capacity
2 Laying down sewerage network
3 Construction of new public toilets (for male &
female) near market and other public places
4 Awareness generation programmes regarding
sanitation
SUB TOTAL SEWERAGE
Unit
Unit Rate (
Rs. Lakh)
Cost (in
Rs. Lakh)
2.2
MLD
75
165.0
92.5
5
Lump
sum
No.
5.0
20.0
282.25
15.3.3 Drainage
The total investment required to improve the condition of drainage in the city is Rs.350 lakh.
V DRAINAGE
Quantity
1 Up gradation of existing drainage facility

De-siltation of drains
Construction of pucca drain over existing kucha
drain & covering of all drains
Construction of new drains
SUB TOTAL DRAINAGE
3
5
Unit
Unit Rate (
Rs. Lakh)
Cost (in Rs.

Lakh)
5
15
15
km
km
13
km
20
75
260
350.0
15.3.4 Solid Waste Management

The total investment required to improve condition of SWM system in the city is around Rs. 176.3 lakh.
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
1
2
Quantity
Construction of vermicompost plant at landfill site

Purchase of Equipments to upgrade SWM system
Containerized Handcarts
Containerized Tricycles
Community bins
Silt Removal machine
Containers for domestic hazardous waste
JCB Machine
Tractors & Trally
Septic Tank Cleaning Machine
3 Establishment of Door-to-Door collection system
4 Awareness generation programmes
SUB TOTAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Unit
Unit Rate
( Rs. Lakh)
Lump sum
70
5
40
5
3
1
2
1
*
Lump sum
No.
No.
No.
No.
No.
0.03
0.17
0.35
10.00
0.29
No.
No.
22.50
16.00
Cost (Rs.
Lakh)
25
12.50
2.10
0.85
14.00
50.00
0.87
45.00
16.00
0.02
10
176.3
15.3.5 Urban Transportation

For achieving the efficient transport system, long term and short term projects are proposed. Short-term
projects include road improvement, Junction improvement and long-term projects include Shifting or
extension of bus stand. There is a requirement of a total of Rs. 2785 lakh in this sector.
Page 102

VII URBAN TRANSPORTATION
Quantity
1 Construction of Bus Stand

2 Development of Parking spaces
3 Road Improvement & Widening
4 Construction of new roads (5 km)
5 Improvement & beautification of major intersections
SUB TOTAL URBAN TRANSPORT
Unit
6.3
10
Lump sum
km
km
Unit Rate
( Rs. Lakh)
Cost (Rs.
Lakh)
75
30
630
2000
50
100
200
2785
15.3.6 Education
The projects under education sector are identified completely based on UDPFI guidelines. There is a
requirement of a total of Rs. 27 lakh in this sector.
Quantity
IX EDUCATION
1 Construction of Primary Schools
2 Construction of Senior Secondary Schools
SUB TOTAL EDUCATION
Unit
4
2
Unit Rate (Rs.

Lakh)
Cost (Rs.
Lakh)
7
20
No.
7
20
27
15.3.7 Health
The projects under health sector are also identified completely based on UDPFI guidelines. There is a
requirement of a total of Rs. 80 lakh in this sector.
X HEALTH
1 Up gradation & Development of Primary Health Center (PHC)
SUB TOTAL HEALTH
Cost in Rs (Lakh)
80
80
15.3.8 Housing & Slums

Kakarhati needs redevelopment of slums as to be in-situ or off-situ projects. There is a requirement of a
total of Rs.397 lakh in this sector.
II
HOUSING & SLUMS
1 Redevelopment (In-situ / Off-situ) of existing slums

Construction of roads in slums (with road side drains)
Provision of community taps in slums
Street lighting in left out areas of slums
Construction of community toilets (@ 1 seat per 35
person)
2 Construction of 160 EWS housing units
SUB TOTAL HOUSING & SLUMS
Quantity
500
5
10
5
160
Unit
m
no.
no.
No.
HH
Unit Rate
(Rs. Lakh)
0.035
2.5
3.5
1
2
Cost (Rs.
Lakh)
17.5
12.5
35
12
320
397
Page 103

15.3.9 Urban Environment
The projects under this sector are recommended to improve the environmental sustainability of the area.
Conservation of water bodies, Development of parks & awareness programme for rain water harvesting
are major components under this sector. There is a requirement of a total of Rs.44 lakh in this sector.
Quantity
XV URBAN GOVERNANCE
1 Establishment of e-governance (E-Samadhan & Tele
Samadhan) system
2 Establishment of double accounting and single
window system
3 Capacity building of Municipal officials
SUB TOTAL URBAN GOVERNANCE
Unit
Unit Rate
(Rs. Lakh)
Cost (Rs.
Lakh)
Lump sum
15
Lump sum
22
7
Lump sum
44
15.3.10 Heritage & Tourism

As discussed in the chapter of heritage and tourism, we know that the city does not have any great
potential in tourism sector. There is a requirement of a total of Rs.310.8 lakh in this sector.
Quantity
XIII HERITAGE & TOURISM
1 Up gradation / beautification of tourist spots (parking,
shed, cafeteria, drinking water facility, toilet (male &
female) and wash room, etc.)
Boards on all the sites to be read as non-spitting area,
waste to be dropped in provided bins only, no entry
zone (wherever applicable), etc.
Development of Light & sound show system
Stage & sitting area for cultural programmes
Theatre
Eating joints (wooden huts) 5
Gardens & walk ways
2 Provision of quality accommodation for tourists
Mobile toilet facility specially in Mela time
Construction of a Dharmshala for poor tourists
SUB TOTAL HERITAGE & TOURISM
Unit
Unit Rate
(Rs. Lakh)
Cost (Rs.
Lakh)
200
Lump sum
Lump sum
Lump sum
Lump sum
Lump sum
50
100
25
100
5
Lump sum
Lump sum
0.8
30
310.8
15.3.11 Economy Trade and commerce

Economic development plays crucial role in increasing standard of living of citizens. A total investment of
Rs. 550.0 lakh is proposed in this sector. The planned investment is proposed to cover development of a
commercial complex & shopping area, Agro based industries and training programme in the town.
Quantity Unit
I
ECONOMY, TRADE & COMMERCE
Unit Rate
(Rs. Lakh)
Cost (Rs.
Lakh)
Page 104

1 Development of small scale Agro based industries like:
Soya Oil manufacturing plant, Dal Processing & Packing
Plant, Floor manufacturing & packing plant, Bamboo &
Jute Products, Hand craft, Food products, Production
of Namkeen manufacturing plant, Pan Masala, Saree
fall making, Rakhi making & Candle making.
20
Acre
2 Awareness & Training Programme
3 Development of a Commercial complex/ shopping area
800
sqm
SUB TOTAL ECONOMY, TRADE & COMMERCE
23
460
10
0.1
80
550.0
15.3.12 Urban Governance

To enhance accountability and transparency in the working style of ULB, following projects have been
recommended. To improve the efficiency among the Nagar Parishad staff, capacity building programmes
and training are mandatory.
Quantity
XV URBAN GOVERNANCE
1 Establishment of e-governance (E-Samadhan & Tele
Samadhan) system
2 Establishment of double accounting and single
window system
3 Capacity building of Municipal officials
SUB TOTAL URBAN GOVERNANCE
Unit
Unit Rate
(Rs. Lakh)
Cost (Rs.
Lakh)
Lump sum
15
Lump sum
22
7
Lump sum
44
15.4 SECTOR WISE PHASING OF FINANCIAL INVESTMENTS

The prioritization and phasing of projects/investments is done based on the results of third city level CDP
workshop organized by consultant. Technical feasibility for the duration of all the projects is also taken
into consideration. The investment plan for each project is discussed sector wise. The year wise phasing
for all the sectors will be as per the table given below:
Table 15-1 Year Wise phasing of City Investment Plan
S
N
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
11
Sector
Economy, Trade &
Commerce
Housing & Slums
Water Supply
Sewerage
Drainage
Solid Waste
Transportation
Education
Health
Environment
Total
Investme
nt (Lakh)
550.00
397.00
600.80
282.25
350.00
176.34
2785.00
27.00
80.00
132.50
201620
Phase
II
202125
PhaseIII
202630
Phase
-IV
203135
110.00
148.88
14.83
74.94
195.00
2.00
936.50
13.50
80.00
29.50
232.00
0.00
14.83
5.00
0.00
2.00
804.50
8.50
0.00
2.00
140.00
0.00
12.45
4.75
0.00
2.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.00
6.00
0.00
10.50
4.00
0.00
2.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.50
Phase I
Ist Yr
(13-14)
IInd Yr
(14-15)
21.00
99.25
330.15
68.75
90.00
148.59
270.50
0.00
0.00
41.00
41.00
148.88
218.05
124.81
65.00
19.75
773.50
5.00
0.00
54.50
%
9.59
6.92
10.4
4.92
6.10
3.07
48.5
0.47
1.39
2.31
Page 105

12 Heritage & Tourism
310.80
0.08
79.08 172.16
39.16
13 Urban Governance
44.00
3.25
11.00
21.60
8.15
Sub Total
5735.69 1072.5 1540.57 1798.9 1116.1
Land Acquisition &
other escalations @
10%
573.57 107.26
154.06 179.89 111.61
TOTAL
6309.26 1179.8 1694.62 1978.7 1227.7
20.16
0.00
181.36
0.16
0.00
26.16
18.14
199.50
2.62
28.78
5.42
0.77
100
15.5 Financial Operating Plan

15.5.1 Background-Basis of Prioritization
The Financial Operating Plan (FOP) is essentially a multi-year forecast of finances of the urban local body
for a term of 5 to 20 years (plan period). It needs mention that identified investment is phased from
2012-13 to 2034-35. Also as requirement of TOR an investment plan is prepared for first five year i.e.
from 2012-13 to 2017-18 and the FOP has also been generated for the same plan period. These five
yearly FOPs are prepared considering only the core functions of ULB. A salient feature of the FOP is that
all outstanding dues including debt and non-debt liabilities have been taken into account and the
repayment has been scheduled accordingly.
The FOP is basically generated to assess the investment sustaining capacity of the ULB adopting a project
funding structure comprising, funds from the State Government under various government schemes and
direct funding through budgetary allocation; ULB and Private Sector. The major criterion for ascertaining
the investment sustaining capacity of KNP is that, it should have year-to-year positive Opening Balance
during the plan period.
The approach adopted by consultants is an integrated one, which is inter-twined together in terms of
financial, institutional and legal reforms into one combined synergistic strategy with components both at
the state level as well as the municipal level.
15.5.2 Investment Requirements
With a continuous increase in population of Kakarhati city over a period of time, demand for
infrastructure has grown several-folds. As noted in the previous chapters, the population of Kakarhati has
grown near about two times in 2035. Naturally, the demand for the infrastructure has also grown two
times. By 2035, the population is expected to reach a level of 17500.
If we continue with present growth rate, we would find that after few years, existing infrastructure in
terms of solid waste management, drainage, sewerage, drinking water, parking, public conveniences etc.
would fall short way beyond requirement.
After democratic decentralization of urban local governments through the Madhya Pradesh
Municipalities Act, 1961, the range of functions and responsibilities of urban bodies have broadened
which require additional funds and staff.
15.5.3 Sector-wise Investment Requirements
It is proposed that KNP shall primarily concentrate on essential urban services such as water supply,
sewerage, drainage and solid waste disposal and so on. Whereas provision of services like education,
health care, electricity etc. is responsibility of State and will be dealt by state government with effective
Page 106

participation of private sector. The cost of providing these services is substantial which is beyond capacity
of Parishad. KNP will concentrate only on providing core municipal services. The summary of sector-wise
investment requirements are as in Table below:
Table 15-2 Capital Requirement for Next 25 years
S
N
Sector
Total
Investment
(Rs. Lakh)
Phase II
Phase-III
Phase-IV
2021-25
2026-30
2031-35
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
11
12
13
Economy, Trade & Commerce

550.00
172.00
232.00
140.00
6.00 9.59
Housing & Slums
397.00
397.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 6.92
Water Supply
600.80
563.03
14.83
12.45
10.50 10.4
Sewerage
282.25
268.50
5.00
4.75
4.00 4.92
Drainage
350.00
350.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 6.10
176.34
170.34
2.00
2.00
2.00 3.07
Transportation
2785.00
1980.5
804.50
0.00
0.00 48.5
Education
27.00
18.50
8.50
0.00
0.00 0.47
Health
80.00
80.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 1.39
Urban Environment
132.50
125.00
2.00
2.00
3.50 2.31
Heritage & Tourism
310.80
251.32
39.16
20.16
0.16 5.42
Governance
44.00
35.85
8.15
0.00
0.00 0.77
Sub Total
5735.69
4412.0
1116.1
181.3
26.16 100.
Land Acquisition & other
escalations @ 10%
573.57
441.20
111.61
18.14
2.62
TOTAL
6309.26 4853.24
1227.7
199.5
28.78
Source: SGS Analysis & Calculation
The City investment plans have brought out a detailed examination of various elements involved in the
plan and highlight the options for implementing the programmes under various plan periods. Therefore
to work out a viable capital improvement programme, it is suggested to select the short-term and long
term programme identified from various elements involved in the City Investment plan.
The above investment priorities are need to be evaluated based on the financial status of the ULB
through Financial Operating Plan for Identifying their resource generation capacity to sustain for
undertaking capital works.
The shares of different sectors of the total investment in phase Ist is as shown in table below:
S
N
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
9
10
11
Sector
ECONOMY, TRADE & COMMERCE
HOUSING & SLUMS
WATER SUPPLY
SEWERAGE
DRAINAGE
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
URBAN TRANSPORTATION
EDUCATION
HEALTH
URBAN ENVIRONMENT
Total
Investment
(Rs. Lakh)
550.00
397.00
600.80
282.25
350.00
176.34
2785.00
27.00
80.00
132.50
Phase I
I st Yr. (1314)
21.00
99.25
330.15
68.75
90.00
148.59
270.50
0.00
0.00
41.00
II nd Yr. (1415)
41.00
148.88
218.05
124.81
65.00
19.75
773.50
5.00
0.00
54.50
2016-20
110.00
148.88
14.83
74.94
195.00
2.00
936.50
13.50
80.00
29.50
Page 107

310.80
0.08
13 URBAN GOVERNANCE
44.00
3.25
Sub Total
5735.69
1072.57
Land Acquisition & other
escalations @ 10%
573.57
107.26
TOTAL
6309.26
1179.83
79.08
11.00
1540.57
172.16
21.60
1798.90
154.06
1694.62
179.89
1978.79
15.5.4 Funding Assistance

Since KNP is not covered by any central govt. scheme (like JNNURM & UIDSSMT), therefore, investment
plan cannot be prepared in line of these scheme. The quantum of investment is quite substantial largely
because there has been significant backlog in investment over the years. Currently the ULB can only
access infrastructure fund from central and state government as earmarked in the 13th Finance
Commission (Central Government) and 4th State Finance Commission (State Government). But the
availability of funds under these schemes will be grossly insufficient 5 considering the huge amount
required for implementation of CDP.
Funding Structure through State Government and PPP
Since the funding of CDP of Kakarhati cannot be covered under any of the major central government
scheme, therefore the onus lies with state government to fund the CDP implementation process. A
possible funding model is outlined in the ensuing paragraphs. However, the state government may not be
in a position to fund due to the paucity of fund. Further, the state government, through various
innovative funding mechanisms can fund the CDP investment. Below table shows that project related to
solid waste management, street lighting, other social infrastructure can be done through PPP and rest all
projects will be done through direct state funding, by initially injecting funds for backlog investment in
phases. The projects, which cannot be taken by PPP completely, the government has to do the viability
gap funding.
Table 15-3: Funding Pattern of CDP by State Government and PPP
Projects
PPP
Environment
Traffic & Transportation
PPP
Tourism
Storm Water Drainage
PPP
Sewer System
PPP
Water Supply
Housing for Urban Poor
5
PPP
Source of Funding
Additional Assistance for PPP
Through (IL & FS -PMDO)
Government
PMDO
State Government
State Government
PMDO
State Government
State Government
PMDO
State Government
PMDO
State Government
PMDO
State Government
PMDO
Central Govt.(through RAY)
th
13 Finance Commission- 676.39 crore (under general basic grant) for year 2012-15 has been allocated and it will increase by
adding the performance grant of 462.02 crore.to 1138.41 crore After adding the performance grants KNP may get
approximately 1 crore (2012-13 to 2014-15) under this scheme
rd
State Finance Commission- 30 per person has been allocated under 3 SFC along with octroi compensation for all ULBs of
Madhya Pradesh.
Page 108

Source of Funding
Projects
PPP
PPP
Street Lighting
PPP
Additional Assistance for PPP

Government
Through (IL & FS -PMDO)
PMDO
State Government
PMDO
Urban Planning & Growth

Urban Governance and
Institutional Setup
State Government
State Government
State Government
15.5.5 PPP Funding:

Experience the world over has shown that private sector participation (PSP) results in cost savings and
improvement in efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery mainly due to financial and managerial
autonomy and accountability in private sector operations. Besides, it brings in new investment and better
technologies. Therefore, PPP model must be explored on various projects wherever possible.
The private agencies may be contacted for the projects of solid waste management, other social
infrastructure and street lighting for PPP. For PPP projects Pooled Municipal Debt Obligation (PMDO)
Facility of IL & FS group may be contacted. A brief about PMDO is given below:
PMDO
IL & FS has created an asset management company by the name of IL & FS Urban Infrastructure
Managers Limited (IUIML) to avail the PMDO Facility. Under PMDO the project finance requirements in
the urban sector will be funded from the corpus of Rs. 27.50 billion. It will provide long tenure financing
up to a period of 13 years. Contributions to this facility have come from leading banks and financial
institutions in the country.
Eligible Borrower:
Urban Local bodies, Special Purpose Vehicles and BOT Operator, who are implementing urban
infrastructure projects, are eligible to access this.
Advantage of PMDO
Service of professional asset manager with urban experience

Assistance to borrower for viability and bankability of projects
Structuring the PMDO assistance to suite the project needs
Common loan documentation
Project specific security creation
Disbursement under one roof
Post disbursement follow up
Activities
Project Identification
Assisting the borrower in structuring projects and internal rating
Placing of the projects for sanction
Issue of disbursement memo and follow up
Loan asset management
Page 109

15.5.6 International Donor
The ULBs cannot access fund directly from international donors like DFID, USAID, CIDA, GTZ etc. due to
the procedural difficulties. But the state government with the help of central government may arrange
fund for ULB for the CDP implementation.
15.5.7 Formation Project Management Unit and SPVs
The state government must form a PMU and SPVs for the implementation of CDP. These are required for
PPP projects and Non-PPP projects. PMUs and SPVs should consist of a professional team of technical,
financial, business development, administrative & institutional specialists so that all projects can be
implemented on a time.
15.6 Financial Operating Plan of KNP

The finance data for the financial year 2006-07 to 2010-11 of KNP have been used as the base to prepare
the FOP. As mentioned earlier, the municipality maintains its account on a cash basis accounting system.
The main items of income and expenditure have been classified into two accounts for assessing the
financial position of the council namely revenue account and capital account. The same has been adopted
for the FOP and further revenue account receipts and expenditure were projected under following broad
categories.
Income
Revenue Receipt
Own Sources- Revenue
Own Sources- Taxes
Own Sources- Non Taxes
New Taxes
Assigned Revenues
Revenue Grants
Include salary
Matching grants
Other revenue grants
Other Income (Miscellaneous)
Capital Receipts
Expenditure
Revenue Expenditure
Total Establishment Expenditure

O & M Expenditure
Programme Expenditure
Administration Expenditure
Finance & Interest Expenditure
Misc. Expenditure
Page 110

14.6.1 FOP Scenarios
In Business As Usual, the finances of KNP are forecasted in do nothing, wherein the revenue and
expenditure account of municipality is forecasted based on existing trend (proposed growth rate of both
income and expenditure is considered same as growth rate of past five years). Since the FOP model is
developed to ascertain the high priority investment sustaining capacity, the base case scenario is
developed assuming that there will be no new capital transaction and this will indicate the KNPs capacity
to generate surplus to service capital expenditure. The following Error! Reference source not found.table
presents the projected income and expenditure of KNP for Phase I on business as usual scenario.
Table 15-4: Business as Usual Scenario - KNPs Income and Expenditure
Year
Revenue
Income
Capital
Income
Total
Income
Revenue
Expenditure
Capital
Expenditure
Total
Expenditure
Surplus/
Deficit
2008-09
15973350
7246900
23220250
24484860
5352903
29837763
-8511510
2009-10
16473715
4075000
20548715
7971800
1466000
9437800
8501915
2010-11
30131714
3927000
34058714
13611052
22282960
8.4
-2.05
8.95
9.79
2013-14
32662778
3846497
36509274
14829241
24464462
39293703 17833537
2014-15
35406451
3767643
39174095
16156458
26859533
43015991 19249993
2015-16
38380593
3690407
42071000
17602461
29489081
47091542 20778132
2016-17
41604563
3614753
45219316
19177882
32376062
51553943 22426682
2017-18
45099346
3540651
48639997
20894302
35545678
56439980 24205044
2018-19
48887691
3468068
52355759
22764342
39025600
61789942 26123350
2019-20
52994258
3396972
56391230
24801751
42846206
67647957 28192507
CAGR
(in %)
35894012 16520662
As shown in table, if the income and expenditure of KNP are projected on the CAGR of past five FYs, then
it will have surplus of 281 lakh. Therefore an alternative scenarios based on practical proposed growth
rates have been proposed below.
14.6.3 Alternate Scenarios
After analyzing the above scenario it is felt that KNP can not only enhance its income but also bridge this
gap by:
Private sector participation in implementation of proposed projects;

Prioritizing and phasing of investment
Implementing property tax reforms to increase revenue;
Increasing user charges for water and other urban services
Imposing new taxes
Therefore, consultant proposes alternate scenarios with conservative approach for projecting future
expenditure and liberal approach for projecting future income.
Alternate Scenario - Reforms Implementation (Partially) without new investment
The assumptions for forecasting municipal income and expenditure for the alternate scenario-1 adopted
are primarily based on past trends (5-year compound annual growth rate CAGR and municipal tax
Page 111

collected) taking into consideration implementation of 3-4 Reforms based on partial reform
implementation Tax Collection.
The alternate scenario is based on the following assumptions.
Income by 10%growth per annum

Expenditure by 8% growth per annum
Table 15-5: Alternate Scenario - Reforms Implementation (Partially) without new investment
Year
Revenue Income
Revenue Expenditure
Total Expenditure
Surplus/Deficit
2008-09
15973350
24484860
29837763
-8511510
2009-10
16473715
7971800
9437800
8501915
2010-11
30131714
13611052
35894012
16520662
8.4
8.95
2013-14
32662778
14829241
39293703
17833537
2014-15
35406451
16156458
43015991
19249993
2015-16
38380593
17602461
47091542
20778132
2016-17
41604563
19177882
51553943
22426682
2017-18
45099346
20894302
56439980
24205044
2018-19
48887691
22764342
61789942
26123350
2019-20
52994258
24801751
67647957
28192507
CAGR (in %)
14.6.5 Analysis of Accounting, Budgeting and MIS with a View to Identify Weaknesses
The present system of accounting is quite rudimentary and does not provide for any significant
transparency. As the KNPs staff will been trained in using double entry system, it is expected that soon it
may launch computerized accounting system based on double entry accounting, yet it is difficult to
anticipate its immediate results since the system would require restructuring of the finance and accounts
department and also institutional strengthening of the existing manpower.
14.7 Institutional Framework

The following table presents the institutions involved in implementing the identified projects.
Table 15-6: Institutional Framework
S. No.
Sectors
Implementing Agency
Economic Growth of the City
KNP/Pvt. Agency
Environment, Tourism & Heritage conservation
KNP/Pvt. Agency
3
4
Traffic and Transportation

Electricity
KNP/PWD/Pvt. Agency
Electricity Department
5
6
Other Social Infrastructure and Facilities

Street Light
KNP/Pvt. Agency
KNP/ Pvt. Agency
Urban Governance and Institutional Setup
Housing/Basic Services for Urban Poor
KNP
Housing
PHED/PWD
9
10
Education
Health
Education Department
Health Department
11
Fire Services
KNP
Board/KNP/Pvt.
Agency/
Page 112

14.8 Issues
Poor collection efficiency, need to be improved to 85% in three years.
Would require strengthening and capacity building especially in revenue department
Negligible revenue surplus 2-3% to support proposed investment plan.
The Kakarhati ULB does not have adequate resources to match the contribution required for
Central Govt. or State Govt. sponsored Schemes.
Page 113

ANNEXURE
Annexure 1: Data Checklist
S. NO
A
1
2
SECTORS AND DATA REQUIRED

Physical Planning And Growth Management
Development of the Nagar Parishad Area
Land use pattern (proposed, actual land use and reasons for
change)
Provision for revising land use according to needs
Latest Ward map of Nagar Parishad with population
5
6
7
8
9
B
1.
2.
3.
4.
Commercial
Establishments Wholesale markets, Retail, Truck
terminals
Location
Trends of growth - Location wise/ Area wise.
Residential
Group Housing, Plotted, Multistoried etc.
Location
Trends of growthLocation wise/Area wise
Industrial
Industries - Small scale, Large scale, Cottage.
Industries, warehouses
Location
Trends of growth Location wise/ Area wise
Open spaces
Playgrounds, Green belts etc.
Location
Trends of growth Location wise/ Area wise
Public/semipublic
Amusement parks, commercial complexes, Clubs.
Location
Trends of growth Location wise/Area wise.
Planning standards being followed
Land values within city and in surrounding areas
Land Records (Book Value)
Variation in Property Prices
Issues related to land use
Issues related to real estate/ its effect on land use pattern
Ongoing and proposed Land Management schemes and
Policies
Urban Environment
Frequency of tests at monitoring stations
Air Pollution
Ambient Air Quality tests (SO2, NOX, SPM, RSPM, HC,
CO, Lead Contents) at Junctions
Type of Fuel and Consumption
No. of Vehicles registered
Water pollution tests
BOD
COD
DO
Coliform
Noise pollution
Industrial Area
AGENCY
ADMIN. LEVEL
Nagar Parishad
Nagar Parishad
City, Region
City, Region
Nagar Parishad
City, Region
Nagar Parishad
City, Region
Nagar Parishad
Nagar Parishad
City, Region
City, Region
Nagar Parishad
Nagar Parishad
Nagar Parishad
City, Region
City, Region
City, Region
Pollution Control
Board
City
Pollution Control
Board
Pollution Control
Board
Pollution Control
City
City
City
Page 114

S. NO
5.
6.
7.

Residential
Commercial
Sensitive Areas
Solid waste tests
Leaching
Eutrophication
Mode of Transportation
Refuse disposal from cities (biodegradable, non
biodegradable, bio medical wastes)
Quality
Quantity
Location of disposal points
Polluting industries
Volume of solid waste effluents and waste water
8.
Identification of land fill and disposal sites and disposal

methods
Environmental Guidelines, Norms and Acts
10
11
12
Area under Forests

Area under Reserved forests
Area under Unreserved forests
Area under vested forest
Area under Other vegetation and ground cover
Area under wildlife sanctuaries
Norms Acts and regulations for environmental protection
Relief and Topography
13
Slope and Gradient
14
Land Utilization Pattern
15
16
17
18
1
Average annual Rainfall (Yearly Variation)

Average annual Temperature (Yearly Variation)
Relative Humidity
Wind Direction
Urban Poverty
BPL Criteria of the State Government
Income Based BPL population
No of BPL households
Non-Income Based Poverty

Women headed households.
Unemployment rate.
Slum population.
Review of
Employment generation programs
Program for provision of Infrastructure/ shelter in the
Nagar or Parishad
AGENCY
ADMIN. LEVEL
Board
Pollution Control
Board
Pollution Control
Board
Pollution Control
Board
Pollution Control
Board
City
City
City
City
Pollution Control
Board
Department of Forest
City
Department of Forest
Department of
Geology
Department of
Geology
Department of
Geology
Meteorological Dept
Meteorological Dept
Meteorological Dept
Meteorological Dept
City
City
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
City
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
City
City
City
City
City
City
City
City
City
City
City
Housing Including Slums
Page 115

S. NO
i
1

Households and Dwelling Units
Total Census Household Units
Total residential units Occupied by Residents
Residential units in Good, Livable, Dilapidated condition
Ownership Status of the Dwelling Units (Owned, Rented,

Others)
Break up of Dwelling Units as per number of habitable room
Dwelling Units as per number of habitable rooms &

ownership
Condition of Structure (Pucca, Semi Pucca, Kucha)
Material used for Wall
Material used for Floor
10
Material used for Roof
11
Access to Water Supply to Households

Type of Source Households Using.
No. of Households Covered by Type of Sources
12
Access to Sanitation to Households

Households with latrines
No. of Households Covered by Type of Latrines
13
Access to Drainage to Households

Open Drains
Closed Drains
No Drains
Sewerage
Housing projects
Ongoing, committed and proposed projects
Location of projects
Project finance (Govt./ private)
14
AGENCY
ADMIN. LEVEL
Census of India,
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
Census of India
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
Census of India
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
Census of India,
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
Census of India,
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
Census of India,
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
Census of India,
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
Census of India,
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
Census of India,
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
Census of India,
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
Census of India,
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
Census of India,
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
Census of India,
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
City
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
City
City
City
City
City
City
City
City
City
City
City
City
City
Page 116

S. NO

Public private partnership
Housing policies of government
Current
Proposed
Application of regulations, standards and acts
Urban Land Ceiling Act
Rent Control Act
Development control Regulations
Finance for housing
Donor agencies
Schemes and investment by various international,
government, NGOs, private agencies
Different policies and investment for category wise - HIG,
MIG, LIG by various agencies
Utilization of funds invested
Slum Scenario
Definition of slum
Status of slum (authorized/ unauthorized)
Types of slums
Total no. of slums
Area under slums
Location of slums
Ownership of land under slums
Slum Population
Poverty Headcount
No. of households in slums
Population in unauthorized Housing
Physical Infrastructure availability in slums
Water supply
Average daily piped supply
Slum population per constructed stand post
Distance of stand posts from the household as well
as two stand post
Cost of water
Sanitary facilities
Slum population per constructed public
convenience
Roads
No. of Electricity connections
Existing Solid waste disposal system
Programmes & Policies
Slum development programs and policies
Poverty eradication programs
Awareness campaigns
Land development controls
Ongoing and Slum resettlement and rehabilitation
projects
Targeted subsidies for poor households
NGOs, CBOs or private institutions working in the area if
any
Heritage & Conservation
Inventory of Heritage Areas
AGENCY
ADMIN. LEVEL
15
16
17
ii
1
E
1
Walled City
Architectural and Design Principles
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
City
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
City
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
City
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
City
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
City
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
City
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
City
City
City
Page 117

S. NO
3

Policy and Legal Framework
Agencies Involved in Conservation
Conservation Efforts
Department of Tourism
Urban Infrastructure Development Projects
F
1
2
Nagar Finance
Taxation Power
Annual Budget for last 5 years
G
1
2
Institutional Framework and Urban Governance

Institutional Arrangement Region
Constitutional Framework
Functions and Powers
Institutional Issues
Nagar Parishad
Constitutional Framework
Functions
Human Resource Management
Issues
Housing Board (HB)
Constitutional Framework and Organizational Structure
Functions
Issues
Public Health Engineering Department
Constitutional Framework and Organizational Structure
Jurisdiction and coverage
10
11
H
1
i
Public Works Department

Constitutional Framework and Functions
Department of Tourism
Private sector intervention
Issue
Institutions Involved in Management of City Environment
State Pollution Control Board (SPCB)
Forest Department
Issues
Industrial Development Department
Urban Infrastructure and Services
Physical Infrastructure
Water Supply
AGENCY
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
Nagar Parishad/
Statistical
Department
/Department of
Tourism
ADMIN. LEVEL
City
City
City
Nagar Parishad
Nagar Parishad
City
Nagar Parishad
Nagar Parishad
City, District
City, District
Nagar Parishad
City, District
Housing Board (HB)
City, District
Public Health
Engineering
Department
City, District
Public Works
Department
City, District
Department of
Tourism
City, District
Nagar Parishad
City, District
State Pollution
Control Board (SPCB)
City, District
Forest Department
City, District
Industrial
Development
Department
City, District
Page 118

S. NO
1

Surface Water
Sources and Catchments area(Maps)
Total surface water
Flow and Mean Monthly Discharge
Quality of water
Changing surface water levels
(Map showing all types of surface water)
Natural Drainage Pattern
Ground water
Groundwater table
Groundwater potential
Net annual Availability
Quality of groundwater
Total Annual Ground Water Recharge
Sites reserved for Ground water recharge.(Map)
Population Served by
The Nagar /Parishad , water supply system with areas ( or
Wards) covered
AGENCY
Nagar Parishad/ PWD
ADMIN. LEVEL
City, District
Nagar Parishad/ PWD
City, District
Nagar Parishad/ PWD
City
Production in water supply system from all sources
Nagar Parishad/ PWD
City
Per Capita Supply
Nagar Parishad/ PWD
City
Unaccounted For Water (UFW)
Nagar Parishad/ PWD
City
Source of Water Supply

Surface Source
Present Storage Level
Capacity of Sources
Storage Quantity
Ground Water Source
Location of the Water Storage Sources
No of Intake pumps and Capacity of Each
Treatment
No of Treatment Plants
Production from each source (MLD)
Location of Treatment Plants
Type of Treatment Methods
Capacity Clear Water Reservoirs (CWRs)
Distribution
No. of Overhead Service Reservoirs(OHSRs)
Location of OHSR
Capacity of each OHSR
Area under Supply Zones
Length of Distribution Network
No. of Connections
Residential
Industrial
Commercial
Others
Type of Water Supply Connections
Duration of Water Supply in each Zones
Demand and supply of water in MLD
Nagar Parishad/ PWD
City
Nagar Parishad/ PWD

Nagar Parishad/ PWD
City
City
Nagar Parishad/ PWD
City
Nagar Parishad/ PWD

Nagar Parishad/ PWD
City
City
Nagar Parishad/ PWD

Nagar Parishad/ PWD
Nagar Parishad/ PWD
Nagar Parishad/ PWD
City
City
City
City
Nagar Parishad/
City
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Slum population and area connected for water supply

Demand with respect to residential, industrial and
Page 119

S. NO
18
19
Average hours of water supply, per capita consumption,

shortage
Ongoing and proposed projects.
20
Tariff from water user annually.
21
Revenue generated by water
22
Cost for
Laying unit length of water pipe line
Providing connection to a household Maintenance cost
Cost for treatment facilities.

Private sector inputs & Ongoing Projects with details
23
ii
1
Type of facility - No. of households connected and population

covered
UGD sewage disposal network details
7
8
Nagar Parishad/
PWD
City
Nagar Parishad/
PWD
City
Nagar Parishad/
PWD
Nagar Parishad/
PWD
Nagar Parishad/
PWD
City
Nagar Parishad/
PWD
City
Nagar Parishad/ PWD
City
Nagar Parishad/
PWD
City
Census Of India ,
Nagar Parishad/
PWD
Nagar Parishad/
Sanitation
Department
City
Nagar Parishad/
PWD/ Sanitation
Department
Nagar Parishad/
PWD/ Sanitation
Department
Nagar Parishad/
PWD
Nagar Parishad/
PWD
City
City
City
Area Covered
Length
Population Covered
Treatment Facility
Discharge into river
Classification of modes of sanitary waste disposal
Public Toilets
ADMIN. LEVEL
Sewerage And Sanitation
AGENCY
PWD
commercial
No. of Public Toilets

Locations
Population dependant on them
Maintenance Responsibility
Charge
Sanitation in schools and education facilities
Ongoing projects, proposed projects
Investment by Nagar /Parishad for last 2 Five Year Plans

Cost
City
City
City
City
iii
Total operating cost per year

Total revenue generated
Total staff for sewerage facilities
Maintenance cost per unit length
Cost of establishment of unit length of underground
sewerage
Construction cost in public toilet
Drainage
Page 120

S. NO
1
2
3
4
5

Existing Drainage network
No. of Households connected with each type of drains
Lined and unlined drainage
Areas prone to water logging
Problems in dry weather and monsoon
Proposed and ongoing projects
iv
1

Sanitation Practices
House-to-house waste collection
Street Sweeping and collection of
sweeping wastes
De-silting of storm water drains
De-silting of sewer lines
De-silting of service lanes
Secondary waste collection
Transportation of wastes
Disposal of wastes
Name Zones covered
Service charge for the non-compliance of SWHR rules and
indiscriminate waste
Residential sources
Shopkeepers
Restaurant Owners
Hotel Owners
Industrial Units
Sweet Shops, Fast food centers, ice cream centers, juice
centers
Urine in public places
Disposing cow dung at public places
Shop equipment construction materials like bricks,
cement, iron rods, stones etc.
Spillage of waste on Parishad roads
Commercial hoardings, posters etc if pasted on building
gates, walls etc.
Household sewer on public roads
Street cutting with a prior information
Households sewer on common drains
Spillage of oil, grease and other earthen materials on
streets etc.
Meat shop wastes i.e. bones, animal parts etc.
Nuisance created by domestic animals on public roads
Marriage reception areas
Meat and fish preparation on open roads and if wastes
are disposed on roads.
Waste from hair cutting saloons
Commercial shops on encroached government land
Solid Waste Management Zones
Functions of Public Health, Public works and Mechanical
(garage) sections
SWM Team in the public health section
3
4
5
AGENCY
Nagar Parishad/
PWD
ADMIN. LEVEL
City
Nagar Parishad/
PWD
Nagar Parishad/
PWD
Nagar Parishad/
PWD
City
Nagar Parishad/
PWD
City
Nagar Parishad/
PWD
City
Nagar Parishad
City
Nagar Parishad
City
Nagar Parishad
Nagar Parishad
City
City
Nagar Parishad
City
City
City
Page 121

S. NO
6
v
1
vi

Solid wastes generation
Type of waste generation
Residential areas
Commercial areas
Hotels
Markets and slaughter houses
Street Sweeping
Biomedical Wastes
Industrial Wastes
Construction and demolition Wastes
Solid Waste Collection
No of Bins in Each Zone
Storage Capacity of the Bin
Solid Waste Transportation
Type of Vehicles
Loader
Dumper Placers
Tippers
Tractors
JCBs
Cess pool empties
Clinical waste carrier van
Tricycle
Wheelbarrows
Dumper Pulsar
No of Vehicles
Year of Purchase
Waste Carrying Capacity
Make of the Vehicle
No of Trips per Vehicle
Disposal System
Area Disposal Site
Type of Disposal Treatment
Location of the Site
Capacity of Disposal Site
Electricity
Housing & Slums
No of Electricity Connections
Consumption in a year
Industry Trade and Commerce
No of industries having power connection
Total power consumption in a year
Charges per unit.
Infrastructure
Source/ Grid
No. of Sub-station, its Location and Capacity
Demand & Supply for Residential, Commercial, and
Industrial.
Transmission and other losses due to theft
Ongoing and proposed projects
Costing
For laying new lines unit length
For maintenance
Investment by Govt./Private
Revenue generated
Fire Services
AGENCY
ADMIN. LEVEL
Nagar Parishad
City
Nagar Parishad
City
Nagar Parishad
City
Nagar Parishad
City
Nagar Parishad
City
Nagar Parishad
City
Nagar Parishad
City
Page 122

S. NO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
vii
1
2
i
1
ii
1
I
1
2
3

No. of Fire Tenders
Capacity of Fire Tenders
Coverage of Fire Services
No. of Fire Incidents reported in the City
No. of Fire Incidents attended by Fire Department
Tools available with Fire Department
Availability of Source of Water Supply for Fire Tenders
Total Staff Implied in Fire Department
Organizational Structure of the Fire Department
Street Lightening
Street lighting status
Total area covered
Type of Poles
No. of Poles
Type of Light Used with number
Distance between the pole maintained
Total electricity bill for street lightening in a year
Total maintenance cost for street lighting in a year
Education
Govt./private education facilities
Total Number of Education Institutions
Type of Educational Institutions
Location of educational institutions
Number of teachers
Number of students and location
No of Rooms
Availability of Drinking water facility
Availability of sanitation facility
Availability of playing ground
Availability of transportation facility
Health
Govt./Private Health Facilities
Total Number of Health Institutions
Type of Health Institutions
Location of Health institutions
Number of Doctors
Number of Nurses
Number of Beds
Facilities available in each Health Institution
Traffic and Transportation
Distance from Major Cities
Regional Linkages
Traffic volume on different road network, Passenger volume,
Goods volume
AGENCY
Fire Department
Fire Department
Fire Department
Fire Department
Fire Department
Fire Department
Fire Department
Fire Department
Fire Department
ADMIN. LEVEL
City
City
City
City
City
City
City
City
City
Nagar Parishad
City
Department of
Education
City
Health Department
City
Nagar Parishad
Nagar Parishad
Nagar Parishad
City
City
City
Roads and Inter Sections

Road Inventory of the major Corridors and Traffic
Characteristics
Length of road by Jurisdiction (Arterial, sub arterial,
collector, approach)
Length of roads by Surface Classification (Metaled/
Unmetaled)
Surface condition of different roads
Type of City level road network
ROW of different roads, Road map
Nagar Parishad
City
Page 123

S. NO
J
1
2
3

No. of Intersection points and their location
Signalized Inter sections
Rotary Intersection
Classification of junctions (cross, T section, circular etc.)
Traffic condition at intersections
No. and location of traffic signals and flyovers.
Parking
Location of on Street Parking
Inventory of Peak Parking Accumulation
Area of Parking
Location of Parking Facility
Capacity of Parking Facility
Inventory of Identified Multi level Off-street Parking
Facilities
Area of Parking
Location of Parking Facility
Capacity of Parking Facility
Public Transportation
Public private operators, their fleets (intra-city, intercity)
Bus Terminals, bus stops
Number of bus route
Routes taken by them (map)
No. of buses on different routes
Avg. no of passengers.
Tourism
Average Monthly arrival of tourist (tourist volume)
Domestic and Foreign
Average annual tourist arrivals for neighboring cities.
Domestic and Foreign
Origin of Tourists
International
Inter-state
Inter-city
Nature/Type of Tourist spots
8
9
10
Number of Rooms and Classification

Number of Beds
Number of Guest Houses
ADMIN. LEVEL
Nagar Parishad
City
Department of Public
Transportation,
Nagar Parishad
City
Department of
Tourism
Department of
Tourism
Department of
Tourism
City
Department of
Tourism
City
Nagar
Parishad,
Department
of
Tourism
City
City
City
Scenic
Heritage
Shopping
Leisure
Number of Hotels
AGENCY
Number of Rooms and Classification

Number of Beds
Investment on infrastructure Government/Non-government

agencies
Tourist Circuits ( various Packages ) - interstate/ intercity
Direct Employment generated
Project, programmes & policies -
Nagar
Parishad,
Department
of
Tourism
Department of
Tourism
City
Department of
Tourism
Department of
Tourism
Department of
Tourism
District
City
City
City
Page 124

S. NO

National Tourist Policies, state tourism
Regulations
Ongoing projects, programmes
Proposed projects, programmes
Maps
Tourist spots, Tourist circuits
Industrial Infrastructure
Number of Large and Medium Industries
Machine Tools and Parts
Agro, Food and Allied Products
Electronics and Related Products
Electrical and Allied Products
Textiles
Cement and Cement Products
Chemical, Gases, Lubricants and
Plastics
Metal and Allied Products
Automobile and Parts
Ceramics and Glassware
Drugs and Pharmaceuticals
Minerals, Stones, Lime and Lime
Number of Units in the above categorization
Total Employment in Industries in Each Category of Industry
Number of Industrial Areas
Location of Industrial Areas
Status of Industrial area

No. of Plots
Allotment of Plots
Area Covered by Each Industrial area
Processing Area
Development Status
Investment in Industrial Area
11
K
1
AGENCY
ADMIN. LEVEL
policies,
Department of
Tourism
City
District Industrial
Center,
City Investment Plan,
City
District Industrial
Center
City Investment Plan
District Industrial
Center
District Industrial
Center
District Industrial
Center
District Industrial
Center
City
City
City
City
City
Page 125

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Urban Administration and Development Department

Government of Madhya Pradesh

Urban Administration & Development

City Development Plan Kakarhati

City Manager Association

SGS Infotech, Gurgaon

Urban Administration and Development Department

Where are we now?

Where do we want to go?

What do we need to address on apriority basis?

What intervention do we make in order to attain the vision?

Sectors and Core Issues

SGS Infotech, Gurgaon

Urban Administration and Development Department

About The City: Kakarhati

SGS Infotech, Gurgaon

Urban Administration and Development Department

SGS Infotech, Gurgaon

Urban Administration and Development Department

SGS Infotech, Gurgaon

Urban Administration and Development Department

The region/ District has good potential

No higher level facilities in town as no supporting

Proximity to major cities.

Tourism can be developed in city as

Scope of provision of degree colleges &

Private investors are not willing to invest in Kakarhati.

SGS Infotech, Gurgaon

Urban Administration and Development Department

1 ECONOMY, TRADE & COMMERCE

Total Investment (Rs. Lakh)

2 HOUSING & SLUMS

SGS Infotech, Gurgaon

Urban Administration and Development Department

SGS Infotech, Gurgaon

Urban Administration and Development Department

SGS Infotech, Gurgaon

Urban Administration and Development Department

SGS Infotech, Gurgaon

Urban Administration and Development Department

SGS Infotech, Gurgaon

Urban Administration and Development Department

SGS Infotech, Gurgaon

Urban Administration and Development Department

SGS Infotech, Gurgaon

Urban Administration and Development Department

SGS Infotech, Gurgaon

Urban Administration and Development Department

SGS Infotech, Gurgaon

Urban Administration and Development Department

The scope of work covers the following:

SGS Infotech, Gurgaon

Urban Administration and Development Department

Objective of the Study

Address common growth and infrastructure issues

SGS Infotech, Gurgaon

Urban Administration and Development Department

Aims of the Study

Coverage of the Study Area

AREA (SQ. KM)

The approach for the assignment is:

SGS Infotech, Gurgaon

Urban Administration and Development Department

SGS Infotech, Gurgaon