Any other functional systems

Theory of functional systems - is a model that describes the structure of conduct, which was
established by Russian and Soviet biologist and physiologist Pyotr Anokhin. Functional systems
were put forward by Anokhin as an alternative to the predominant concept of reflexes. Contrary to
reflexes, the endpoints of functional systems are not actions themselves but adaptive results of
these actions. In contrast to reflexes, which are based on linear spread of information from receptors
to executive organs through the central nervous system, functional systems are self-organizing nonlinear systems composed of synchronized distributed elements. [1]
"The principle of functional systems" - association of private mechanisms of the body in
a holistic system of adaptive behavioral act, the establishment of "integrative unity".
There are two types of functional systems:

System of the first type provide homeostasis due to internal (existing) resources of the body,
inside its boundaries (e.g. blood pressure).

System of a second type supports homeostasis due to a change of behavior, interaction with
the outside world and are the basis of different types of behavior.

Stages of the Behavioral act

Any excitement in the central nervous system there is in interaction with other excitations:
the brain analyzes these excitations. Synthesis determines the following factors:

Motivation

Pad afferentation (excitation caused by conditioned and unconditioned stimuli)

Situational afferentation (arousal from familiar surroundings, causing a reflex, and

dynamic stereotypes)

Memory (of species and individual)

Decision-making

The formation of action result acceptor (creating the ideal image and its retention
goals, presumably, at the physiological level is circulating in the ring interneuron excitation)

Efferent synthesis (or the stage of the program, integration of somatic and autonomic
excitations in a single behavioral act. The action is formed, but is not manifested externally)

Action (program execution behavior)

Evaluation result of the action

At this stage, comparison of the actual running of the ideal image created during the
formation of acceptor result of the action (the reverse occurs afferentation) based on a
comparison of the action, or adjusted, or terminated.

Meeting the needs (authorizing termination of stage)

Choice of targets and methods of achieving them are the key factors that regulate behavior.
According to Anokhin, in the structure of the behavioral act afferent feedback compared with the
acceptor of the result gives a positive or negative situational emotions affect the correction or
termination of action (another type of emotion, leading emotions, are associated with satisfaction or
dissatisfaction needs in general, with the formation of the target). In addition, the behavior affect the
memories of positive and negative emotions.
In general, behavioral act is characterized by meaningful and active role of the subject.