EXP-8.

CLOSED-LOOP SPEED CONTROL

Date
Batch

Aim

Apparatus

Objective 1
To design a speed measuring system using frequency to voltage converter.

Block Diagram
DC supply

Student name

Signature

Proximity
Sensor

DC Motor

Frequency to
Voltage
Converter

o/p
voltage

Pin Diagram of LM331

LM331 Frequency to voltage converter circuit and explanation:

Description
LM331 is basically a precision voltage to frequency converter from
National Semiconductors. The IC has a hand full of applications like analog to
digital conversion, long term integration, voltage to frequency conversion,
frequency to voltage conversion. Wide dynamic range and excellent linearity
makes the IC well suitable for the applications mentioned above. Here the LM331
is wired as a frequency to voltage converter which converts the input frequency
into a proportional voltage which is extremely linear to the input frequency. The
frequency to voltage conversion is attained by differentiating the input frequency
using capacitor C3 and resistor R7 and feeding the resultant pulse train to the pin6
(threshold) of the IC. The negative going edge of the resultant pulse train at pin6
makes the built-in comparator circuit to trigger the timer circuit. At any instant,
the current flowing out of the current output pin (pin 6) will be proportional to the
input frequency and value of the timing components (R1 and C1). As a result a
voltage (Vout) proportional to the input frequency (Fin) will be available across
the load resistor R4.

Circuit Diagram

Procedurre
1. DC motor
m
is madee to run by a Variable DC supply.
2. Conneect the speedd sensor outpput to frequeency to voltaage converter.
3. Tabullate the speeed in rpm and
a output voltage
v
readdings for different speeed
condittions and ploot the curve.

Designing
g Considerrations
The LM331
L
can be
b operated from
f
between 5 to 30V DC.
D

The value of R3 depends

d
on thhe supply vooltage and thhe equation is
i
R3= (Vs 2V)/ (22mA).
The ab
bove circuit parameters are calculateed for 15V innput voltagee.
Accorrding to the equation,
e
forr Vs = 15V, R3=68K.
The output voltag
ge Vout = ((R
R4)/(R5+R6)))*R1C1*2.009V*Fin.
POT R6
R can be ussed for calibrating the circuit.

Tabulation
S.No

Speed in RPM

Voltage in volts

Objective 2
To design a closed-loop controller to maintain the desired speed of a given DC
motor.

Block diagram
Reference
voltage

DC
supply

Electronic
switch

DC Motor

Proximity
sensor

Frequency to
Voltage
Converter

Procedure
1. Connect the circuit as shown in block diagram. Set the reference voltage to the
required speed.
2. Check whether the speed of the motor maintained constant irrespective of the
supply voltage.

Observations and remarks

Conclusion