Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PHYSICS
Exemplar Problems
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Class XI
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FOREWORD
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NCERT would welcome suggestions from students, teachers and parents which
would help us to further improve the quality of material in subsequent editions.
YASH PAL
Chairperson
National Steering Committee
National Council of Educational
Research and Training
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New Delhi
21 May 2008
(iv)
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PREFACE
The Department of Education in Science and Mathematics (DESM), National
Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), initiated the development
of Exemplar Problems in science and mathematics for secondary and higher
secondary stages after completing the preparation of textbooks based on National
Curriculum Framework 2005.
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The main objective of the book on Exemplar Problems in Physics is to provide the
teachers and students a large number of quality problems with varying cognitive levels
to facilitate teaching-learning of concepts in physics that are presented through the
textbook for Class XI. It is envisaged that the problems included in this volume would
help the teachers to design tasks to assess effectiveness of their teaching and to know
about the achievement of their students besides facilitating preparation of balanced
question papers for unit and terminal tests. The feedback based on the analysis of
students responses may help the teachers in further improving the quality of classroom
instructions. In addition, the problems given in this book are also expected to help the
teachers to perceive the basic characteristics of good quality questions and motivate
them to frame similar questions on their own. Students can benefit themselves by
attempting the exercises given in the book for self assessment and also in mastering the
basic techniques of problem solving. Some of the questions given in the book are expected
to challenge the understanding of the concepts of physics of the students and their
ability to apply them in novel situations.
The problems included in this book were prepared through a series of workshops
organised by the DESM for their development and refinement involving practicing
teachers, subject experts from universities and institutes of higher learning, and the
members of the physics group of the DESM whose names appear separately. We gratefully
acknowledge their efforts and thank them for their valuable contribution in our
endeavour to provide good quality instructional material for the school system.
no
We look forward to feedback from students, teachers and parents for further
improvement of the contents of this book.
HUKUM SINGH
Professor and Head
DESM, NCERT
New Delhi
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D EVELOPMENT TEAM
MEMBER
A.W. Joshi, Professor (Retired), Department of Physics, University of Pune, Pune.
Atul Mody, Lecturer(SG), Department of Physics, VES College of Arts,Science &
Commerce, Chembur, Mumbai.
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Ravi Bhattacharjee, Reader in Physics, SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi.
R.S.Dass, Vice-Principal (Retired), Balwant Ray Mehta Sr.Sec. School, Lajpat Nagar,
New Delhi.
R.Joshi, Lecturer (SG) in Physics, Department of Education in Science & Mathematics,
NCERT, New Delhi.
S.Rai Choudhury, Raja Ramanna Fellow, Centre for Theoretical Physics, Jamia Millia
Islamia,New Delhi.
S.D.Joglekar, Professor, Department of Physics, I.I.T., Kanpur.
MEMBER COORDINATOR
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A CKNOWLEDGEMENT
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD
PREFACE
iii
V
C H A P T E R TWO
UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS
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C H A P T E R ONE
INTRODUCTION
C H A P T E R THREE
MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
13
C H A P T E R FOUR
MOTION IN A PLANE
19
C H A P T E R FIVE
LAWS OF MOTION
29
C H A P T E R SIX
WORK, ENERGY AND POWER
38
C H A P T E R SEVEN
S YSTEM OF PARTICLES
50
AND
ROTATIONAL MOTION
C H A P T E R EIGHT
GRAVITATION
57
OF
SOLIDS
65
C H A P T E R TEN
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
OF
F LUIDS
72
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C H A P T E R NINE
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
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C H A P T E R ELEVEN
THERMAL PROPERTIES
OF
MATTER
77
83
C H A P T E R THIRTEEN
KINETIC THEORY
90
C H A P T E R FOURTEEN
OSCILLATIONS
97
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C H A P T E R TWELVE
THERMODYNAMICS
105
ANSWERS
113
181
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C H A P T E R FIFTEEN
WAVES
(x)
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Chapter One
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INTRODUCTION
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Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
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It further advocates the inclusion of Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)a type of question that has great untapped potential. It also notes the
limitation of testing through MCQs only. While MCQ can more deeply
probe the level of conceptual understanding of students and gauge a
students mastery of subtleties, it cannot be the only kind of question in
any examination. MCQs work best in conjunction with some open-ended
essay questions in the second part of the paper, which tests expression
and the ability to formulate an argument using relevant facts.
Introduction
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A NOTE
TO
STUDENTS
A good number of problems have been provided in this book. Some are
easy, some are of average difficult level, some difficult and some problems
will challenge even the best amongst you. It is advised that you first
master the concepts covered in your textbook, solve the examples and
exercises provided in your textbook and then attempt to solve the
problems given in this book. There is no single prescription which can
help you in solving each and every problem in physics but still researches
in physics education show that most of the problems can be attempted
if you follow certain steps in a sequence. The following prescription due
to Dan Styer2 presents one such set of steps :
1.
Strategy design
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2.
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
(c) Be neat and organised.
(d) Keep it simple.
3.
Answer checking
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Chapter Two
MCQ I
2.1
2.2
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UNITS AND
MEASUREMENTS
5
4
2
3
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
2.3
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
2.4
1.6048 g cm3
1.69 g cm 3
1.7 g cm 3
1.695 g cm3
and
and
and
and
2.74
2.73
2.73
2.74
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
2.5
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
2.6
2.7
164 3 cm2
163.62 2.6 cm 2
163.6 2.6 cm 2
163.62 3 cm 2
A = 2.5 m s1 0.5 m s1
B = 0.10 s 0.01 s
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
2.8
(0.25 0.08) m
(0.25 0.5) m
(0.25 0.05) m
(0.25 0.135) m
1.4 m 0.4 m
1.41m 0.15 m
1.4m 0.3 m
1.4m 0.2 m
2.10
2.11
4.9 cm
4.805 cm
5.25 cm
5.4 cm
2.12
5.00 mm
5.00 cm
5.00 m
5.00 km.
1.9 1010
1.9 1011
1.9 1012
1.9 1013
(P1 A1 T1)
(P2 A1 T1)
(P1 A1/2 T1)
(P1 A1/2 T1)
MCQ II
2.13
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2.9
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(a) y = a sin 2t / T
(b) y = a sin vt.
a
t
(c) y = T sin
a
2t
2 t
cos
(d) y = a 2 sin
T
T
2.14
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
(c) PQ/R
(d) (PR Q2)/R
(e) (R + Q)/P
2.15
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
2.16
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
2.17
2.18
Force/ Area
Energy/ Volume
Energy/ Area
Force/ Volume
Second
Parsec
Year
Light year
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VSA
2.19
2.20
2.21
Name the device used for measuring the mass of atoms and
molecules.
2.22
2.23
2
2!
3
3!
4
4!
"
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2.24
2.25
2.26
A wall clock.
A stop watch.
A digital watch.
An atomic clock.
2.28
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2.27
2.29
During a total solar eclipse the moon almost entirely covers the
sphere of the sun. Write the relation between the distances and
sizes of the sun and moon.
2.30
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
2.31
Give an example of
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
2.32
at the centre.
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subtends an angle of
2.33
2.34
2.35
LA
2.36
2.37
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v =
Pr 4
8 l
2.38
10
2.40
2.41
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2.39
k
R
r3
,
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2.43
11
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
the earth. Due to atmospheric fluctuations, eye cant resolve
objects smaller than 1 arc minute.
(c) Mars has approximately half of the earths diameter. When it
is closest to the earth it is at about 1/2 A.U. from the earth.
Calculate what size it will appear when seen through the same
telescope.
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12
Chapter Three
MCQ I
Among the four graphs (Fig. 3.1), there is only one graph for which
average velocity over the time intervel (0, T ) can vanish for a
suitably chosen T. Which one is it?
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3.1
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MOTION IN A
STRAIGHT LINE
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Fig. 3.1
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
3.2
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3.3
3.4
3.5
(a)
V1 + V 2
2
(b)
2V1 + V2
V1 + V2
(c)
2V1V2
V1 + V 2
(d)
L (V1 + V2 )
V1V2
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(a) 4 m
(b) 8 m
(c) 12 m
(d) 16 m
3.6
14
A vehicle travels half the distance L with speed V1 and the other
half with speed V2, then its average speed is
3.7
MCQ II
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(d) t 1t2
B
Fig. 3.2
Fig. 3.3
A spring with one end attached to a mass and the other to a rigid
support is stretched and released.
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3.10
15
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
3.11
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VSA
3.12
Graph
Characteristic
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
3.13
3.14
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3.15
16
SA
3.17
3.18
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(b) Find maximum and minimum values of x (t), v (t), a (t). Show that
x (t) and a (t) increase with time and v (t) decreases with time.
3.20
3.21
no
3.19
3.22
xo
Fig. 3.5
17
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
LA
3.23
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3.24
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18
(d) How many cycles (counting fractions) are required to reach the
top?
3.26
Chapter Four
MCQ I
4.1
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MOTION IN A PLANE
4.2
4.3
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X
Fig. 4.1
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
which of the following is correct?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
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4.4
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
4.5
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
4.6
no
20
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
4.8
60 m
71 m
100 m
141 m
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
4.7
Motion in a Plane
4.9
MCQ II
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(a) B = 0
(b) A,B are antiparallel
(c) A,B are perpendicular
(d) A .B 0
4.11 Two particles are projected in air with speed v o at angles 1 and 2
(both acute) to the horizontal, respectively. If the height reached
by the first particle is greater than that of the second, then tick
the right choices
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
vo
-x2
-x1
B
(x = 0)
-xo
Fig. 4.2
no
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
1
[ v(t 1 ) + v (t 2 )]
2
(b) v av =
r(t 2 ) r(t 1 )
t 2 t1
21
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
(c) r =
1
( v(t 2 ) v(t 1 )) (t 2 t1 )
2
(d) aav =
v(t 2 ) v(t1 )
t 2 t1
4.14 For a particle performing uniform circular motion, choose the correct
statement(s) from the following:
Magnitude of particle velocity (speed) remains constant.
Particle velocity remains directed perpendicular to radius vector.
Direction of acceleration keeps changing as particle moves.
Angular momentum is constant in magnitude but direction
keeps changing.
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(a) A = B 0
(b) A B
VSA
Fig. 4.3
4.16 A cyclist starts from centre O of a circular park of radius 1km and
moves along the path OPRQO as shown Fig. 4.3. If he maintains
constant speed of 10ms1, what is his acceleration at point R in
magnitude and direction?
4.17 A particle is projected in air at some angle to the horizontal,
moves along parabola as shown in Fig. 4.4, where x and y
indicate horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. Show
in the diagram, direction of velocity and acceleration at points
A, B and C.
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B
C
H
A
x
Fig. 4.4
22
Motion in a Plane
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4.19 A football is kicked into the air vertically upwards. What is its
(a) acceleration, and (b) velocity at the highest point?
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Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
(b) Earth also moves in circular orbit around sun once every year
with on orbital radius of 1.5 1011 m . What is the acceleration of
earth (or any object on the surface of the earth) towards the
centre of the sun? How does this acceleration compare with
g = 9.8 m/s2?
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V 2 4 2 R
=
Hint : acceleration
R
T2
4.26 Given below in column I are the relations between vectors a, b and
c and in column II are the orientations of a, b and c in the XY
plane. Match the relation in column I to correct orientations in
column II.
no
Column I
(a) a + b = c
(i)
(b) a c = b
(ii)
(c) b a = c
(d) a + b + c = 0
24
Column II
(iii)
(iv)
Motion in a Plane
(b) A.B = +8
(ii) = 90
(c) A.B = 4
(iii) = 180
(d) A.B = 8
(iv) = 60
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Column I
(a) A.B = 0
LA
Column II
(a)
A B = 0
(i) = 30
(b)
A B = 8
(ii) = 45
(c)
A B = 4
(iii) = 90
(d)
A B = 4 2
(iv) = 0
4.29 A hill is 500 m high. Supplies are to be sent across the hill using a
canon that can hurl packets at a speed of 125 m/s over the hill.
The canon is located at a distance of 800m from the foot of hill and
can be moved on the ground at a speed of 2 m/s; so that its distance
from the hill can be adjusted. What is the shortest time in which a
packet can reach on the ground across the hill ? Take g =10 m/s 2.
4.30 A gun can fire shells with maximum speed v o and the
2
maximum horizontal range that can be achieved is R = v o .
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vo
q
vo
Fig 4.5
25
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
If a target farther away by distance x (beyond R) has to
be hit with the same gun (Fig 4.5), show that it could be
achieved by raising the gun to a height at least
x
h = x 1 +
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Fig. 4.6
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Fig 4.7
26
4.32 A particle falling vertically from a height hits a plane surface inclined
to horizontal at an angle with speed v o and rebounds elastically
(Fig 4.7). Find the distance along the plane where if will hit
q
second time.
Motion in a Plane
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4.33 A girl riding a bicycle with a speed of 5 m/s towards north direction,
observes rain falling vertically down. If she increases her speed to
10 m/s, rain appears to meet her at 45 to the vertical. What is the
speed of the rain? In what direction does rain fall as observed by a
ground based observer?
(Hint: Assume north to be i direction and vertically downward to
be j . Let the rain velocity vr be a i +b j . The velocity of rain as
observed by the girl is always vr v girl . Draw the vector diagram/s
for the information given and find a and b. You may draw all vectors
in the reference frame of ground based observer.)
3m/s
Fig. 4.8
no
4.35 A cricket fielder can throw the cricket ball with a speed vo . If he
throws the ball while running with speed u at an angle to the
horizontal, find
(a) the effective angle to the horizontal at which the ball is projected
in air as seen by a spectator.
(b) what will be time of flight?
(c) what is the distance (horizontal range) from the point of
projection at which the ball will land?
27
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
(d) find at which he should throw the ball that would maximise
the horizontal range as found in (iii).
(e) how does for maximum range change if u >vo , u = vo , u < v o?
o
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where r =
r
= cos i + sin j and = sin i + cos j are unit
r
P (x, y) = (r, q)
no
Fig. 4.9
Fig. 4.10
28
d
( r ) = where
dt
d
d
( ) = r
and
dt
dt
Chapter Five
MCQ I
5.1
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LAWS OF MOTION
(b) the path can be a straight line or circular and the ball travels
with uniform speed.
(c) all parts of the ball have the same velocity (magnitude and
direction) and the velocity is constant.
no
(d) the centre of the ball moves with constant velocity and the
ball spins about its centre uniformly.
5.2
(b) the force acting on the scale is zero and the torque acting
about centre of mass of the scale is also zero.
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
(c) the total force acting on it need not be zero but the torque on it
is zero.
(d) neither the force nor the torque need to be zero.
5.3
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(a) zero
5.4
5.5
5.6
no
5.7
30
conservation of energy.
Newtons first law only.
Newtons second law only.
both Newtons second and third law.
where p = 3 m s 1 , q = 4 m s 2 and r = 5 m s 3 .
136 N
134 N
158 N
68 N
Laws of Motion
5.8
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5.9
mv
eastward and is exerted by the car engine.
2
mv
eastward and is due to the friction on the tyres exerted by
2
the road.
mv
eastward exerted due to the engine and
2
overcomes the friction of the road.
(d)
mv
exerted by the engine .
2
MCQ II
no
31
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
on B. The mass of A is m/2 and of B is m. Which of the
following statements are true?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
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Fig. 5.1
5.12
m1
m2
(b) If m 2 > m1 ( sin + cos ) , the body will move up the plane.
(c) If m2 < m1 ( sin + cos ) , the body will move up the plane.
(d) If m 2 < m 1 (sin cos ) , the body will move down the plane.
Fig. 5.2
5.13
sin 2 sin 1
.
cos 1
than 1 .
(d) B will always slide down with constant speed.
no
Fig. 5.3
5.14
32
Laws of Motion
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4
(a) 1 m s2 at an angle of tan 1 w.r.t. 6N force.
3
4
(b) 0.2 m s2 at an angle of tan 1 w.r.t. 6N force.
3
3
(c) 1 m s2 at an angle of tan 1 w.r.t.8N force.
4
VSA
5.17
5.18
no
5.16
Fig. 5.4
33
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
5.19
5.20
5.22
5.23
Why does a child feel more pain when she falls down on a hard
cement floor, than when she falls on the soft muddy ground in the
garden?
5.24
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5.21
(b) If the object hits a wall and rebounds with half the original speed,
what is the change in momentum of the object?
5.25
SA
no
Fig. 5.5
34
Fig. 5.6
Laws of Motion
5.30
NA
in
gs
5.31
5.32
30
B
w
30
mg cos 30
mg
Fig. 5.7
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5.29
1s
2s
3s
(a)
(b)
Fig. 5.8
If the particle has a mass of 500 g, find the force (direction and
magnitude) acting on the particle.
A person in an elevator accelerating upwards with an acceleration
of 2 m s2, tosses a coin vertically upwards with a speed of 20 m
s1. After how much time will the coin fall back into his hand?
( g = 10 m s2)
no
5.33
LA
5.34
There are three forces F1, F2 and F3 acting on a body, all acting on
a point P on the body. The body is found to move with uniform
speed.
35
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
5.35
When a body slides down from rest along a smooth inclined plane
making an angle of 45 with the horizontal, it takes time T. When
the same body slides down from rest along a rough inclined plane
making the same angle and through the same distance, it is seen
to take time pT, where p is some number greater than 1. Calculate
the co-efficient of friction between the body and the rough plane.
5.36
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vx
(m s1)
vy
(m s1)
1s
2s
(a)
1s
2s
3s
(b)
Fig. 5.9
5.37
R
90 R
2R
no
Fig. 5.10
5.38
36
Laws of Motion
5.39
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5.40
2N
1N
45 45
45
90
F1
F2
Fig. 5.11
5.41
(c) What is the force needed to be applied upwards along the plane
to make the box either remain stationary or just move up with
uniform speed?
(d) What is the force needed to be applied upwards along the plane
to make the box move up the plane with acceleration a?
A helicopter of mass 2000kg rises with a vertical acceleration of
15 m s2. The total mass of the crew and passengers is 500 kg.
Give the magnitude and direction of the (g = 10 m s2)
no
5.42
(a) force on the floor of the helicopter by the crew and passengers.
(b) action of the rotor of the helicopter on the surrounding air.
(c) force on the helicopter due to the surrounding air.
37
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
Chapter Six
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WORK, ENERGY
AND POWER
MCQ I
6.1
no
(a) the two magnetic forces are equal and opposite, so they produce
no net effect.
(b) the magnetic forces do no work on each particle.
(c) the magnetic forces do equal and opposite (but non-zero) work
on each particle.
(d) the magenetic forces are necessarily negligible.
6.2
38
(a) same as the same force law is involved in the two experiments.
(b) less for the case of a positron, as the positron moves away
more rapidly and the force on it weakens.
(c) more for the case of a positron, as the positron moves away a
larger distance.
(d) same as the work done by charged particle on the stationary proton.
A man squatting on the ground gets straight up and stand. The
force of reaction of ground on the man during the process is
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
6.4
Kinetic energy.
Potential energy.
Total mechanical energy.
Total linear momentum.
no
6.7
+ 2000J
200J
zero
20,000J
6.6
6.5
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6.3
Fig. 6.1
39
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
(c) Both the stones reach the bottom with the same speed and
stone II reaches the bottom earlier than stone I.
(d) Both the stones reach the bottom at different times and with
different speeds.
6.8
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is given by V (x ) =
Fig. 6.2
6.9
V = O,
V = E,
V < E,
V = O,
K= E
K=O
K=O
K < E.
Two identical ball bearings in contact with each other and resting
on a frictionless table are hit head-on by another ball bearing of the
same mass moving initially with a speed V as shown in Fig. 6.3.
Fig. 6.3
no
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Fig. 6.4
40
6.11
1.5 J
50 J
10 J
100 J
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6.10
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Fig. 6.5
6.12
Which of the diagrams shown in Fig. 6.6 most closely shows the
variation in kinetic energy of the earth as it moves once around
the sun in its elliptical orbit?
(a)
no
(b)
K.E
(c)
Fig. 6.6
(d)
41
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
6.13
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t
t
(a)
(b)
(d)
(c)
Fig. 6.7
6.14
no
6.15
2502
1002
52
0
PE
PE
h/4
KE
KE
t
(a)
42
t
(b)
PE
h
KE
PE
KE
t
(d)
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(c)
Fig. 6.8
6.16
6.17
K.E
2.5 J
5.0 J
52.5 J
155.0 J
K.E
depth
(a)
no
depth
(b)
K.E
K.E
depth
depth
(c)
Fig. 6.9
(d)
43
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
6.18
A cricket ball of mass 150 g moving with a speed of 126 km/h hits
at the middle of the bat, held firmly at its position by the batsman.
The ball moves straight back to the bowler after hitting the bat.
Assuming that collision between ball and bat is completely elastic
and the two remain in contact for 0.001s, the force that the batsman
had to apply to hold the bat firmly at its place would be
10.5 N
21 N
1.05 104 N
2.1 104 N
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
MCQ II
6.19
6.20
no
6.21
44
VSA
Fig. 6.10
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6.22
6.23
6.24
6.26
A body falls towards earth in air. Will its total mechanical energy
be conserved during the fall? Justify.
6.27
6.28
no
6.25
6.29
45
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
6.30
The average work done by a human heart while it beats once is 0.5
J. Calculate the power used by heart if it beats 72 times in a minute.
6.31
6.32
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6.33
(a) Point B?
(b) Point C?
(c) Point X?
Fig. 6.11
SA
6.34
6.35
V(x)
A
Eo
D
C
Fig. 6.12
no
6.36
46
Region A : V > E
Region B : V < E
Region C : K > E
Region D : V > K
State with reason in each case whether a particle can be found in
the given region or not.
6.37
1m
6.38
Fig. 6.13
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6.39
6.41
Fig. 6.14
no
-5
6.42
47
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
of food that would be required to compensate energy utilised for
jogging.
On complete combustion a litre of petrol gives off heat equivalent
to 3107 J. In a test drive a car weighing 1200 kg. including the
mass of driver, runs 15 km per litre while moving with a uniform
speed on a straight track. Assuming that friction offered by the
road surface and air to be uniform, calculate the force of friction
acting on the car during the test drive, if the efficiency of the car
engine were 0.5.
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6.43
LA
6.44
30
Fig. 6.15
6.45
no
Fig. 6.16
48
With the surface AB, ball 1 has large enough friction to cause
rolling down without slipping; ball 2 has a small friction and ball
3 has a negligible friction.
(a) For which balls is total mechanical energy conserved?
(b) Which ball (s) can reach D?
(c) For balls which do not reach D, which of the balls can reach
back A?
6.46
( 2) m u
in
no
6.48
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6.47 Two identical steel cubes (masses 50g, side 1cm) collide
head-on face to face with a speed of 10cm/s each. Find
the maximum compression of each. Youngs modulus for
steel = Y= 2 10 11 N/m 2.
49
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
Chapter Seven
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SYSTEM OF
PARTICLES AND
ROTATIONAL MOTION
MCQ I
7.1
For which of the following does the centre of mass lie outside the
body ?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
no
7.2
A pencil
A shotput
A dice
A bangle
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
7.3
50
A
B
C
D
Hollow
sphere
Air
R/2
A
B
C
R/2
Sand
Fig. 7.1
7.5
increased
decreased
the same
changed in unpredicted manner.
Fig. 7.3
7.7
7.6
Fig. 7.2
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7.4
mva x
2mva x
ymv x
2ymv x
I
II
III
IV
no
3(2 + b )
(a) 4(3 + b )
4(2 + b )
(b) 3(3 + b )
3(3 + b )
(c) 4(2 + b )
4(3 + b )
(d) 3(2 + b )
51
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
7.8
(b)
(c)
(d) 0
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MCQ II
7.9
7.10 Figure 7.4 shows two identical particles 1 and 2, each of mass m,
moving in opposite directions with same speed v along parallel lines.
At a particular instant, r1 and r2 are their respective position vectors
drawn from point A which is in the plane of the parallel lines .
Choose the correct options:
r1
d1
d2
r2
no
Fig. 7.4
52
7.12 Figure 7.5 shows a lamina in x-y plane. Two axes z and
z pass perpendicular to its plane. A force F acts in the
plane of lamina at point P as shown. Which of the following
are true? (The point P is closer to z -axis than the z-axis.)
F
P
.
(a) Torque caused by F about z axis is along -k
.
(b) Torque caused by F about z axis is along -k
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Fig. 7.5
= Iz +
ma
2
(d) Ix = Iy
VSA
Fig. 7.6
7.14 The centre of gravity of a body on the earth coincides with its centre
of mass for a small object whereas for an extended object it may
not. What is the qualitative meaning of small and extended in
this regard?
For which of the following the two coincides? A building, a pond, a
lake, a mountain?
no
7.15 Why does a solid sphere have smaller moment of inertia than a
hollow cylinder of same mass and radius, about an axis passing
through their axes of symmetry?
7.16 The variation of angular position , of a point on a rotating
rigid body, with time t is shown in Fig. 7.7. Is the body rotating
clock-wise or anti-clockwise?
Fig. 7.7
53
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
7.17 A uniform cube of mass m and side a is placed on a frictionless
horizontal surface. A vertical force F is applied to the edge as shown
in Fig. 7.8. Match the following (most appropriate choice):
(a) mg/4 < F < mg /2
(b) F > mg/2
(c) F > mg
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(d) F = mg/4
Fig. 7.8
(b) h = R
(c) h = 3R/2
(d) h = 7R/5
Fig. 7.9
SA
no
Fig. 7.10
54
7.22 (n-1) equal point masses each of mass m are placed at the vertices
of a regular n-polygon. The vacant vertex has a position vector a
with respect to the centre of the polygon. Find the position vector of
centre of mass.
LA
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7.23 Find the centre of mass of a uniform (a) half-disc, (b) quarter-disc.
7.24 Two discs of moments of inertia I1 and I 2 about their respective
axes (normal to the disc and passing through the centre), and
rotating with angular speed 1 and 2 are brought into contact
face to face with their axes of rotation coincident.
(a) Does the law of conservation of angular momentum apply to
the situation? why?
(b) Find the angular speed of the two-disc system.
(c) Calculate the loss in kinetic energy of the system in the process.
(d) Account for this loss.
no
7.26 Two cylindrical hollow drums of radii R and 2R, and of a common
height h, are rotating with angular velocities (anti-clockwise) and
(clockwise), respectively. Their axes, fixed are parallel and in a
horizontal plane separated by (3 R + ) . They are now brought in
contact ( 0) .
55
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
7.27 A uniform square plate S (side c) and a uniform rectangular plate
R (sides b, a) have identical areas and masses (Fig. 7.11).
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Fig. 7.11
Show that
no
Fig. 7.12
56
Chapter Eight
MCQ I
8.1
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GRAVITATION
no
(a) will be directed towards the centre but not the same everywhere.
(b) will have the same value everywhere but not directed towards
the centre.
(c) will be same everywhere in magnitude directed towards the
centre.
(d) cannot be zero at any point.
8.2
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
(c) not be true because the major gravitational force on mercury
is due to sun.
(d) not be true because mercury is influenced by forces other than
gravitational forces.
Different points in earth are at slightly different distances from
the sun and hence experience different forces due to gravitation.
For a rigid body, we know that if various forces act at various
points in it, the resultant motion is as if a net force acts on
the c.m. (centre of mass) causing translation and a net torque
at the c.m. causing rotation around an axis through the c.m.
For the earth-sun system (approximating the earth as a
uniform density sphere)
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8.3
8.4
Satellites orbiting the earth have finite life and sometimes debris
of satellites fall to the earth. This is because,
(a) the solar cells and batteries in satellites run out.
(b) the laws of gravitation predict a trajectory spiralling inwards.
(c) of viscous forces causing the speed of satellite and hence height
to gradually decrease.
(d) of collisions with other satellites.
8.5
Both earth and moon are subject to the gravitational force of the
sun. As observed from the sun, the orbit of the moon
(a) will be elliptical.
(b) will not be strictly elliptical because the total gravitational force
on it is not central.
(c) is not elliptical but will necessarily be a closed curve.
(d) deviates considerably from being elliptical due to influence of
planets other than earth.
no
8.6
58
Gravitation
8.7
8.8
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C
M
B
m
Fig. 8.1
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
MCQ II
8.9
no
8.10
59
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
8.11
If the mass of sun were ten times smaller and gravitational constant
G were ten times larger in magnitudes(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
8.12
If the sun and the planets carried huge amounts of opposite charges,
all three of Keplers laws would still be valid.
only the third law will be valid.
the second law will not change.
the first law will still be valid.
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
8.13
8.14
F1
r
m m
GM 0 2 1 2 2 where M0 is a constant of dimension
F2 = 12
3
r12
M0
no
8.15
60
(a) A polar satellite goes around the earths pole in northsouth direction.
(b) A geostationary satellite goes around the earth in east-west
direction.
(c) A geostationary satellite goes around the earth in west-east
direction.
(d) A polar satellite goes around the earth in east-west direction.
Gravitation
8.16
are always at the same point for any size of the body.
are always at the same point only for spherical bodies.
can never be at the same point.
is close to each other for objects, say of sizes less than 100 m.
both can change if the object is taken deep inside the earth.
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VSA
Molecules in air in the atmosphere are attracted by gravitational
force of the earth. Explain why all of them do not fall into the earth
just like an apple falling from a tree.
8.18
8.19
8.20
What is the direction of areal velocity of the earth around the sun?
8.21
8.22
8.23
8.24
8.25
8.26
no
8.17
8.27
What is the angle between the equatorial plane and the orbital
plane of
(a) Polar satellite?
(b) Geostationary satellite?
61
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
SA
8.28
Mean solar day is the time interval between two successive noon
when sun passes through zenith point (meridian).
Sidereal day is the time interval between two successive transit of
a distant star through the zenith point (meridian).
By drawing appropriate diagram showing earths spin and orbital
motion, show that mean solar day is four minutes longer than the
sidereal day. In other words, distant stars would rise 4 minutes
early every successive day.
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8.29
8.30
Show the nature of the following graph for a satellite orbiting the
earth.
(a) KE vs orbital radius R
(b) PE vs orbital radius R
(c) TE vs orbital radius R.
8.31
Earth
Shown are several curves (Fig. 8.2). Explain with reason, which
ones amongst them can be possible trajectories traced by a
projectile (neglect air friction).
Earth
Earth
(a)
(b)
(c)
no
Earth
Earth
Earth
(e)
(d)
Fig. 8.2
62
(f )
Gravitation
8.32
8.33
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P
m
Fig. 8.3
LA
A star like the sun has several bodies moving around it at different
distances. Consider that all of them are moving in circular orbits.
Let r be the distance of the body from the centre of the star and let
its linear velocity be v, angular velocity , kinetic energy K,
gravitational potential energy U, total energy E and angular
momentum l. As the radius r of the orbit increases, determine
which of the above quantities increase and which ones decrease.
8.35
8.36
no
8.34
63
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
Earths orbit is an ellipse with eccentricity 0.0167. Thus,
earths distance from the sun and speed as it moves around
the sun varies from day to day. This means that the length
of the solar day is not constant through the year. Assume
that earths spin axis is normal to its orbital plane and find
out the length of the shortest and the longest day. A day
should be taken from noon to noon. Does this explain
variation of length of the day during the year?
8.38
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8.37
no
64
Chapter Nine
MCQ I
9.1
9.2
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MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF
SOLIDS
infinity.
zero.
unity.
some finite small non-zero constant value.
no
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
9.3
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
( c ) will remain same.
(d) will decrease.
9.4
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
9.5
(b)
(c)
(d)
9.6
Yiron
Ycopper
Y iro2 n
Y co2 ppe r
Yiron .
Ycopper
no
Fig. 9.1
(a)
(b)
66
x2
2 L2
x
L
x2
L
(d)
x2
.
2L
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9.7
(c)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Fig. 9.2
no
(b) The steel rod will elongate and change shape but the rubber
rod will only elongate.
(c) The steel rod will elongate without any perceptible change in
shape, but the rubber rod will elongate and the shape of the
bottom edge will change to an ellipse.
(d) The steel rod will elongate, without any perceptible change in
shape, but the rubber rod will elongate with the shape of the
bottom edge tapered to a tip at the centre.
67
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
MCQ II
The stress-strain graphs for two materials are shown in Fig.9.3
(assume same scale).
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9.9
Fig. 9.3
(a) Material (ii) is more elastic than material (i) and hence material
(ii) is more brittle.
(b) Material (i) and (ii) have the same elasticity and the same
brittleness.
(c) Material (ii) is elastic over a larger region of strain as compared to (i).
(d) Material (ii) is more brittle than material (i).
9.10
A wire is suspended from the ceiling and stretched under the action
of a weight F suspended from its other end. The force exerted by
the ceiling on it is equal and opposite to the weight.
(a) Tensile stress at any cross section A of the wire is F/A.
9.11
no
(Y Al
steel
Al
68
Fig. 9.4
A copper and a steel wire of the same diameter are connected end
to end. A deforming force F is applied to this composite wire which
causes a total elongation of 1cm. The two wires will have
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
VSA
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9.12
The Youngs modulus for steel is much more than that for rubber.
For the same longitudinal strain, which one will have greater
tensile stress?
9.15
9.16
9.17
9.18
no
9.14
SA
9.19
69
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
A steel rod (Y = 2.0 1011 Nm2; and = 1050 C1) of length 1 m
and area of cross-section 1 cm2 is heated from 0 C to 200C, without
being allowed to extend or bend. What is the tension produced in
the rod?
9.21
To what depth must a rubber ball be taken in deep sea so that its
volume is decreased by 0.1%. (The bulk modulus of rubber is
9.8108 N m 2; and the density of sea water is 103 kg m3.)
9.22
9.23
Two identical solid balls, one of ivory and the other of wet-clay,
are dropped from the same height on the floor. Which one will rise
to a greater height after striking the floor and why?
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9.20
LA
9.24
a'
Fig. 9.5
no
9.25
(a) A steel wire of mass per unit length with a circular cross
section has a radius of 0.1 cm. The wire is of length 10 m when
measured lying horizontal, and hangs from a hook on the wall.
A mass of 25 kg is hung from the free end of the wire. Assuming
the wire to be uniform and lateral strains << longitudinal
strains, find the extension in the length of the wire. The density
of steel is 7860 kg m3 (Youngs modules Y=21011 Nm2).
(b) If the yield strength of steel is 2.5108 Nm2, what is the maximum
weight that can be hung at the lower end of the wire?
70
9.26
A steel rod of length 2l, cross sectional area A and mass M is set
rotating in a horizontal plane about an axis passing through the
centre. If Y is the Youngs modulus for steel, find the extension in
the length of the rod. (Assume the rod is uniform.)
9.27
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9.28
Y r4
. Y is
4R
the Youngs modulus, r is the radius of the trunk and R is the
radius of curvature of the bent surface along the height of the tree
containing the centre of gravity (the neutral surface). Estimate the
critical height of a tree for a given radius of the trunk.
bending about the central axis of the tree is given by
(a) Find the distance y from the top when the mass comes to rest
for an instant, for the first time.
(b) What is the maximum velocity attained by the stone in this
drop?
(c) What shall be the nature of the motion after the stone has
reached its lowest point?
no
9.29
71
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
Chapter Ten
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MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF
FLUIDS
MCQ I
10.1
no
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Fig. 10.1
72
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10.2
Fig. 10.2
10.3
Along a streamline
3: 2
(d)
10.5
2: 3
no
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
MCQ II
10.6
73
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
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10.8
it is the ratio of force to area and both force and area are vectors.
it is the ratio of the magnitude of the force to area.
it is the ratio of the component of the force normal to the area.
it does not depend on the size of the area chosen.
The distance l and h are shown in the figure. After some time the
coin falls into the water. Then
(a) l decreases.
(b) h decreases.
(c) l increases.
(d) h increase.
Fig. 10.3
10.9
gases decreases.
liquids increases.
gases increases.
liquids decreases.
high density.
high viscosity.
low density.
low viscosity.
VSA
no
74
10.13 Iceberg floats in water with part of it submerged. What is the fraction
of the volume of iceberg submerged if the density of ice is i =
0.917 g cm3?
10.14 A vessel filled with water is kept on a weighing pan and the
scale adjusted to zero. A block of mass M and density is
suspended by a massless spring of spring constant k. This block
is submerged inside into the water in the vessel. What is the
reading of the scale?
SA
tt
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re ER
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bl
is
he
d
10.16 The sap in trees, which consists mainly of water in summer, rises
in a system of capillaries of radius r = 2.5105 m. The surface
tension of sap is T = 7.28102 Nm1 and the angle of contact is 0.
Does surface tension alone account for the supply of water to the
top of all trees?
10.17 The free surface of oil in a tanker, at rest, is horizontal. If the tanker
starts accelerating the free surface will be titled by an angle . If
the acceleration is a m s2, what will be the slope of the free surface?.
10.18 Two mercury droplets of radii 0.1 cm. and 0.2 cm. collapse into
one single drop. What amount of energy is released? The surface
tension of mercury T= 435.5 10 3 N m 1.
10.19 If a drop of liquid breaks into smaller droplets, it results in lowering
of temperature of the droplets. Let a drop of radius R, break into N
small droplets each of radius r. Estimate the drop in temperature.
LA
no
75
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
tt
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re ER
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bl
is
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d
M
1
d = A
w
A
no
76
Chapter Eleven
MCQ I
11.1
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
THERMAL
PROPERTIES OF
MATTER
no
11.2
remain straight.
get twisted.
will bend with aluminium on concave side.
will bend with steel on concave side.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
11.3
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
are 150 equal division on scale A and 100 on scale B.
The relationship for conversion between the two scales
is given by
t A 180
t
= B
100
150
(b)
t A 30
t
= B
150
100
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
(a)
(c)
t B 180
t
= A
150
100
(d)
t B 40
t
= A
100
180
Fig. 11.1
11.4
11.5
no
(a) increases as its effective length increases even though its centre
of mass still remains at the centre of the bob.
(b) decreases as its effective length increases even though its centre
of mass still remains at the centre of the bob.
(c) increases as its effective length increases due to shifting of
centre of mass below the centre of the bob.
(d) decreases as its effective length remains same but the centre
of mass shifts above the centre of the bob.
78
11.6
11.7
tt
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d
(c) 4 R3 T / 3
(d) 4 R 3 T
11.8
MCQ II
11.9
no
11.10
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Both size gulab jamuns will get heated in the same time.
Smaller gulab jamuns are heated before bigger ones.
Smaller pizzas are heated before bigger ones.
Bigger pizzas are heated before smaller ones.
79
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
11.11
E
Which of the following is correct?
A
O
B
tm
tt
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d
Temperature (oC)
100
time (min)
Fig. 11.2
11.12
no
VSA
11.13
11.14
l (m)
T ( D C)
l (m)
1.
10
4 10 4
2.
10
4 10 4
3.
20
2 10 4
4.
10
6 10 4
80
Why does a metal bar appear hotter than a wooden bar at the
same temperature? Equivalently it also appears cooler than
wooden bar if they are both colder than room temperature.
11.16
11.17
These days people use steel utensils with copper bottom. This is
supposed to be good for uniform heating of food. Explain this
effect using the fact that copper is the better conductor.
SA
tt
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bl
is
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d
11.15
11.18
11.19
11.20
no
11.21
81
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
LA
11.22
tt
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re ER
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bl
is
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d
11.23
11.24
11.25
no
Fig. 11.3
11.26
11.27
82
Chapter Twelve
MCQ I
12.1
tt
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THERMODYNAMICS
12.2
0.25
2.25
0.05
0.20
3
2
no
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
kg
kg
kg
kg
Fig. 12.1
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
12.3
1
P=
Con s ta n t
V
tt
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bl
is
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d
V
Fig. 12.2
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Fig. 12.3
(a) (iv)
(b) (ii)
(c) (iii)
(d) (i)
no
12.4
84
Fig 12.4
Thermodynamics
12.5
12.6
tt
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bl
is
he
d
1
(b)
2
1
(c) 1
1
(d) 1
T1 + T2 + T3
3
(b) T =
(c) T =
(d) T =
no
MCQ II
12.7
85
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
(d) An ideal gas is enclosed in a piston cylinder arrangement
with adiabatic walls. A weight W is added to the piston,
resulting in compression of gas.
12.8
dU = 0
dQ= 0
dQ = dU
dQ = dW
tt
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
12.9
IV
II
III
Fig. 12.5
12.10
Fig. 12.6
no
12.11
86
Q1 > Q 2 > 0
Q2 > Q 1 > 0
Q2 < Q 1 < 0
Q 1 < 0, Q2 > 0
Fig .12.7
Thermodynamics
VSA
12.12
tt
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is
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d
Fig. 12.8
12.14
12.15
12.16
SA
12.18
12.19
Consider a cycle tyre being filled with air by a pump. Let V be the
volume of the tyre (fixed) and at each stroke of the pump V ( V )
of air is transferred to the tube adiabatically. What is the work
done when the pressure in the tube is increased from P 1 to P2?
no
12.17
87
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
12.21
12.22
tt
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is
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d
Plot the P-V diagram for each case. In which of the two cases, is
the work done by the gas more?
LA
12.23
PV1/2= constant
(a) Find the work done when the gas is taken from state 1 to
state 2.
V1
(c) Given the internal energy for one mole of gas at temperature T
is (3/2) RT, find the heat supplied to the gas when it is taken
from state 1 to 2, with V2 = 2V1.
V2 V
Fig. 12.9
12.24
P
B
VC = VD = 2VA = 2VB
no
VA=VB
VC=VD
Fig. 12.10
(a) In which part of the cycle heat is supplied to the engine from
outside?
(b) In which part of the cycle heat is being given to the
surrounding by the engine?
(c) What is the work done by the engine in one cycle? Write your
answer in term of PA, PB , VA.
(d) What is the efficiency of the engine?
3
[ = 5 3 for the gas], ( C v = R for one mole)
2
88
Thermodynamics
12.25
constant volume
constant pressure
adiabatic
constant pressure
Fig. 12.11
tt
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AB
BC
CD
DA
12.26
12.27
Fig. 12.12
no
89
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
Chapter Thirteen
tt
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KINETIC THEORY
MCQ I
13.1
no
13.2
90
Kinetic Theory
Fig. 13.1
adiabatic process.
isothermal process.
isobaric process.
isochoric process.
tt
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d
13.3
Fig. 13.2
no
13.5
(a) P1 > P2
(b) P1 = P2
(c) P1 < P2
P2
P1
20
10
Fig.13.3
91
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
13.6
tt
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is
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d
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
13.7
(b) f 1(v), f2 (v) will obey the Maxwells distribution law separately.
(c) Neither f 1 (v), nor f2 (v) will obey the Maxwells distribution
law.
(d) f 2 (v) and f 1 (v) will be the same.
13.8
1.1 p
p
less than p
between p and 1.1.
MCQ II
13.9
no
Fig. 13.4
13.10
92
2
E , E is
3
Kinetic Theory
13.11
13.12
tt
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bl
is
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d
P = const
T = const
(b)
(a)
PV
V = const
(d)
no
(c)
13.13
Fig. 13.5
93
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
(c) because the molecules gets accelerated in their motion inside
the volume.
(d) because of redistribution of energy amongst the molecules.
VSA
Calculate the number of atoms in 39.4 g gold. Molar mass of
gold is 197g mole1.
tt
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d
13.14
13.15
13.16
13.17
13.18
13.19
Calculate the ratio of the mean free paths of the molecules of two
D
SA
13.20
V2
2
p2
no
V1
1, p1
Fig 13.6
13.21
94
Kinetic Theory
13.22
13.24
tt
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bl
is
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d
13.23
13.26
LA
13.27
Explain why
% of molecules
10
400
20
600
40
no
200
800
20
1000
10
95
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
13.29
13.31
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
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d
13.30
no
4 Av 0
96
kT
, where m is the mass of the gas molecule.
m
Chapter Fourteen
MCQ I
14.1
tt
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bl
is
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d
OSCILLATIONS
y = 3 cos 2t .
4
no
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
14.2
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
non-periodic.
periodic but not simple harmonic.
simple harmonic with period 2/.
simple harmonic with period /.
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
14.3
ax = + 2x.
ax = + 2x 2.
ax = 2x2.
ax = 2x.
tt
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bl
is
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d
14.5
14.6
an ellipse.
a parabola.
a circle.
a straight line.
y = a sin t + b cos t.
(a) The motion is oscillatory but not S.H.M.
(b) The motion is S.H.M. with amplitude a + b.
(c) The motion is S.H.M. with amplitude a2 + b 2.
(d) The motion is S.H.M. with amplitude
no
14.7
Fig. 14.1
98
2
2
a +b .
Oscillations
tt
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pu T
bl
is
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d
14.8
2t
(a) x (t) = B sin
.
30
t
(b) x (t) = B cos 15 .
P (t = 0)
T = 30s
B
o
t
(c) x (t) = B sin 15 + 2 .
t
(d) x (t) = B cos 15 + 2 .
14.9
Fig. 14.2
no
(a) s.
s.
2
(c) 2 s.
(b)
(d)
s.
99
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
attached to the two springs as shown in Fig. 14.3, the oscillation
frequency would be
(a)
(b)
+ 2.
1 + 2 .
2
tt
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bl
is
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d
1
1
.
(c) +
1 2
Fig. 14.3
(d)
1 2 .
2
MCQ II
periodic motion.
simple harmonic motion.
periodic but not simple harmonic motion.
non-periodic motion.
displacement
no
Fig. 14.4
7 time (s)
100
Oscillations
3T
.
4
tt
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pu T
bl
is
he
d
4T
.
4
T
.
4
displacement
2T/4
T/4
T
.
2
3T/4 T
Fig.14.5
(a) average total energy per cycle is equal to its maximum kinetic
energy.
(b) average kinetic energy per cycle is equal to half of its
maximum kinetic energy.
(c) mean velocity over a complete cycle is equal to
times of its
maximum velocity.
no
Fig. 14.6
(a) The sign of velocity, acceleration and force on the particle when
it is 3 cm away from A going towards B are positive.
(b) The sign of velocity of the particle at C going towards O is
negative.
(c) The sign of velocity, acceleration and force on the particle when
it is 4 cm away from B going towards A are negative.
(d) The sign of acceleration and force on the particle when it is at
point B is negative.
101
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
VSA
tt
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bl
is
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d
Fig. 14.7
Fig. 14.8
no
14.24 What is the ratio between the distance travelled by the oscillator
y
in one time period and amplitude?
Aw
wt+
o
Fig. 14.9
102
f
P1
Oscillations
SA
tt
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be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
14.29 Find the time period of mass M when displaced from its
equilibrium positon and then released for the system shown in
Fig 14.10.
14.30 Show that the motion of a particle represented by
y = sin t cos t is simple harmonic with a period of 2/.
Fig. 14.10
no
LA
103
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
(b) If answer to part (a) is yes, what will be the maximum and
minimum reading in the machine and at which position?
tt
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is
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d
m
A g
14.39 A tunnel is dug through the centre of the Earth. Show that a
body of mass m when dropped from rest from one end of the
tunnel will execute simple harmonic motion.
no
104
qo
P
H
A
Fig. 14.11
OP=l
Chapter Fifteen
MCQ I
15.1
no
15.2
tt
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pu T
bl
is
he
d
WAVES
(a)
(b)
(c) 2
(d) 4
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
15.3
15.4
is independent of temperature.
increases with pressure.
increases with increase in humidity.
decreases with increase in humidity.
tt
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pu T
bl
is
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d
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
15.5
15.6
matter.
energy.
energy and matter.
energy, matter and momentum.
15.7
no
15.8
2
amplitude becomes 2/3 of the amplitude of the incident wave.
The equation of the reflected wave is
x
106
Waves
2
x
2
x
2
A string of mass 2.5 kg is under a tension of 200 N. The length of
the stretched string is 20.0 m. If the transverse jerk is struck at
one end of the string, the disturbance will reach the other end in
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
15.10
tt
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bl
is
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d
15.9
one second
0.5 second
2 seconds
data given is insufficient.
(a)
(b)
no
(c)
(d)
Fig 15.1
107
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
MCQ II
15.11
tt
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be C
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pu T
bl
is
he
d
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
15.12
15.13
15.14
no
15.15
108
same frequency
same phase
same energy
different amplitude.
Waves
15.16
15.17
tt
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re ER
pu T
bl
is
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d
VSA
15.19
15.20
no
15.18
15.21
15.22
109
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
15.23
15.24
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
SA
A steel wire has a length of 12 m and a mass of 2.10 kg. What will
be the speed of a transverse wave on this wire when a tension of
2.06 104N is applied?
15.26
15.27
15.28
no
15.25
Fig. 15.2
110
Waves
tt
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be C
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pu T
bl
is
he
d
15.29
Fig. 15.3
15.31
LA
Show that when a string fixed at its two ends vibrates in 1 loop,
2 loops, 3 loops and 4 loops, the frequencies are in the ratio
1:2:3:4.
The earth has a radius of 6400 km. The inner core of 1000 km
radius is solid. Outside it, there is a region from 1000 km to a
radius of 3500 km which is in molten state. Then again from
3500 km to 6400 km the earth is solid. Only longitudinal (P)
waves can travel inside a liquid. Assume that the P wave has a
speed of 8 km s1 in solid parts and of 5 km s1 in liquid parts of
the earth. An earthquake occurs at some place close to the surface
of the earth. Calculate the time after which it will be recorded in a
seismometer at a diametrically opposite point on the earth if wave
travels along diameter?
no
15.32
Fig. 15.4
111
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
15.33
15.34
tt
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pu T
bl
is
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d
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
15.35
15.36
amplitude
wave length
frequency
wave velocity
particle velocity amplitude.
no
(a) 4 m
(b) 0.5 m
(c)
(d)
2
3
(at a given instant of time)
4
112
tt
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d
ANSWERS
Chapter
(b)
2.2
(b)
2.3
(c)
2.4
(d)
2.5
(a)
2.6
(c)
2.7
(a)
2.8
(d)
2.9
(a)
2.10
(a)
2.11
(c)
2.12
(d)
2.13
(b), (c)
2.14
(a), (e)
2.15
(b), (d)
2.16
2.17
(a), (b)
2.18
(b), (d)
2.19
no
2.1
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
2.20
1015
2.21
Mass spectrograph
2.22
1 u = 1.67 1027 kg
2.23
2.24
RE
1
=
rad 1o
60R E 60
tt
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be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
2.25
(a ) =
Dearth
=4
Dmoon
(c)
rsun
= 400
rmoon
Dsun Dmoon
=
rsun
rmoon
Dsun
= 400
Dmoon
no
But
114
D earth
D
= 4 sun = 100 .
Dmoon
Dearth
2.26
2.27
3 1016 s
2.28
0.01 mm
Answers
2.29
= ( Rs 2 / R e s 2 )( Rm 2 / R em 2 )
Rs
R
= es
Rm Rem
2.30
105 kg
2.31
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
3.14
l
l = r l = 31
cm = 16.3 cm
r
6
2.32
2.33
4 10
2.34
Dimensional formula of =T
1
Dimensional formula of k = L
2.35
(a)
steradian
(b)
Average time t =
Period =
39.6
= 1.98 s
20
2.36
2 / 2 J. Hence 5 J becomes 5 2 / 2 .
2.37
r 4
. Therefore, the
l
dimensions of the right hand side comes out to be
no
115
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
E ML2 T 2
l ML2 T 1
G L3 M 1 T 2
2
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
[ 2 2 ][M 2 L4 T 2 ][ M2 T 4 ]
[ P ] = ML T
[ M5 ][L6 ]
= M0 L0 T 0
Thus, P is dimensionless.
2.40
2.41
ch
,L
G
hG
,T
c3
hG
c5
R T gx Ry
2.42
(a) Because oleic acid dissolves in alcohol but does not disssolve
no
in water.
116
Answers
(c)
1
1
1
mL
=
mL
20
20 400
tt
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be C
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pu T
bl
is
he
d
1A.U.
1 parsec =
1arc sec
1 deg = 3600 arc sec
(b)
Dmars 1
Dearth
1
[from Answer 2.25 (c)]
= ,
=
400
Dearth 2
Dsun
D
1
mars =
.
Dsun
800
(c)
no
2.44
117
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
Chapter
(b)
3.2
(a)
3.3
(b)
3.4
(c)
3.5
(b)
tt
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pu T
bl
is
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d
3.1
3.6
(c)
3.7
3.8
3.9
(a), (d)
3.10
(a), (c)
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
no
3.15
3.16
v = g/b
3.17
a
0
-g
118
Answers
ground, and when the impulsive force acts and produces a large
acceleration.
3.18
(a) x = 0, v = x o
3.19
36 km
= 0.80h
45 km/h
3.20
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
y yo = voy
Since voy = 0,
t =
9m/s
gt 2
9m
2(y yo )
29m
10m
3.22
(a) v =
no
(b)
(c)
Diameter 4mm
t d / v = 28 s 30 s
P 4.7 103
=
168N 1.7 102 N.
t
28 106
(d)
F =
(e)
119
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
With average separation of 5 cm, no. of drops that will fall almost
0.8m 2
320.
simultaneously is
(5 102 )2
Net force 54000 N (Practically drops are damped by air viscosity).
3.24
20
= 4ms 2
5
20
Regardation of car =
ms 2
3
Let the truck be at a distance x from the car when breaks are applied
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
Regardation of truck =
x + 20t 2t2.
10 + 20(t 0.5)
10
(t 0.5)2 .
3
10 2 10
10
t +
t 0.25
.
3
3
3
4 2 10
5
t +
t .
3
3
6
To find xmin,
dx
8
10
= t+
=0
dt
3
3
10 5
= s.
which gives tmin=
8
4
2
Therefore, xmin=
45
10 5 5 5
= .
+
34
3 4 6 4
Second method: This method does not require the use of calculus.
If the car is behind the truck,
Vcar = 20 (20/3)(t 0.5) for t > 0.5 s as car declerate only after 0.5 s.
no
Vtruck = 20 4t
Find t from equating the two or from velocity vs time graph. This
yields t = 5/4 s.
In this time truck would travel truck,
Struck= 20(5/4) (1/2)(4)(5/4)2 = 21.875m
120
Answers
1 (20 / 3) 5
0.5 = 23.125m
2
4
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
he always less than that of truck and hence collision never occurs.
3.25
(a) (3/2)s,
3.26
(b) (9/4)s,
(c) 0,3s,
Chapter
(d) 6 cycles.
(b)
4.2
(d)
4.3
(b)
4.4
(b)
4.5
(c)
4.6
(b)
4.7
(d)
4.8
(c)
4.9
(c)
4.10
(b)
4.11
(a), (b)
4.12
(c)
4.13
(a), (c)
4.14
4.15
(b), (d)
4.16
v2
in the direction RO.
R
4.17
The students may discuss with their teachers and find answer.
4.18
no
4.1
121
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
(b) At the highest point reached.
(c) a = g = constant.
4.19
acceleration g.
velocity zero.
4.20
4.21
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
v (speed
tossed)
u(car speed)
4.22
(a)
(b)
Since the speed of car matches with the horizontal speed of the
projectile, boy sitting in the car will see only vertical component of
motion as shown in Fig (b).
4.23
no
122
2H
H
, = tan 1
g
R
4.24
R = vo
4.25
Acceleration
v 2 4 2 R
=
R
T2
= tan 1 1
vo
gH
= 2312 '
2
Answers
4.26
4.27
4.28
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
The minimm vertical velocity required for crossing the hill is given by
v 2 2gh = 10,000
v > 100 m/s
v = 1252 1002 = 75 m / s
1
gT 2 = h
2
The time taken to reach the top of the hill with velocity v is given by
T = 10 s.
no
4.31
50
s + 10s + 10s = 45 s.
2
(b)
(c)
4.32
Av 02
sin
g
123
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
4.33
Vr = 5i 5j
4.34
(a) 5 m / s at 37 to N.
(b) (i) tan 1 ( 3 / 7 ) of N, (ii) 7 m/s
(c) in case (i) he reaches the opposite bank in shortest time.
v o sin
tan 1
vo cos + u
(a)
2vo sin
g
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
4.35
(b)
(c) R =
2v o sin (v o cos + u)
g
u + u 2 + 8v 2
o
4v o
u < vo
u
1
= 4 (if u v o )
2 4v o
v
cos 1 o = 2 ( vo u )
u
max cos
u > vo
max
4.36
d 2
d 2
V = r + and a = 2 2 r +
+ 2 2
2
dt
dt
4.37
no
Tsand
=
AP + QC PQ
+
=
1
v
25 2 + 25 2 50 2
+
1
v
= 50
2 + 1
v
R
50m
B
100m
124
Answers
AR + RC
s
1
= 2 752 + 252 s
= 2 25 10 s
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
1
+1< 5
v
1
< 5 -1 or v >
v
1
0.81 m/s.
5 -1
Chapter
5.1
(c)
5.2
(b)
5.3
(c)
5.4
(c)
5.5
(d)
5.6
(c)
5.7
(a)
5.8
(b)
5.9
(b)
5.10
5.11
5.13
(b), (c)
5.14
(c), (d)
5.15
(a), (c)
5.16
no
5.12
125
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
Final momentum = (50 v + 0.5 15) kg m s1
v
5.17
50 g R
=g
50
3
kg m s-1
2
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
5.18
5.19
The only retarding force that acts on him, if he is not using a seat
belt comes from the friction exerted by the seat. This is not enough
to prevent him from moving forward when the vehicle is brought to
a sudden halt.
5.20
5.21
5.22
5.23
The body of the child is brought to a sudden halt when she/he falls
on a cement floor. The mud floor yields and the body travels some
distance before it comes to rest , which takes some time. This means
the force which brings the child to rest is less for the fall on a mud
floor, as the change in momentum is brought about over a longer
no
period.
(b) 18.75 kg m s1
5.24
(a) 12.5 N s
5.25
5.26
AB, because force on the upper thread will be equal to sum of the
weight of the body and the applied force.
126
Answers
5.27
5.29
W = 50 N
5.30
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
5.28
of the wall on the book. The minimum upward frictional force needed
to ensure that the book does not fall is Mg. The frictional force = N.
Thus, minimum value of F =
5.31
0.4 m s1
5.32
x = t, y = t 2
Mg
a x = 0, a y = 2 m s 1
2V
2 20 40 10
=
=
=
= 3.33 s.
g + a 10 + 2 12
3
5.33
t=
5.34
(a) Since the body is moving with no acceleration, the sum of the
F1
F2
F3
(b) Consider the torque of the forces about P. Since all the forces
no
Since F1 + F2 + F3 = 0 , torque = 0
5.35
General case
s=
1 2
at t = 2s / a
2
Smooth case
g
Acceleration a = g sin =
t1 =
2 2s / g
127
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
Rough case
Acceleration a = g sin g cos
= (1 ) g / 2
2 2s
2 2s
= pt1 = p
(1 )g
g
1
1
= p2 = 1 2
1
p
t 2 =
vy = t
0 < t < 1s
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
5.36
v x = 2t
0 <t 1
= 2 (2 t )
1<t < 2
=0
2<t
Fy = 1
Fx = 2; 0 < t < 1
= 2;
1s < t < 2s
=0;
2s < t
F = 2 i + j
= 11 < t
=0
0 < t < 1s
1s < t
0 < t < 1s
= 2 i 1s < t < 2s
=0
5.37
2s < t
For DEF
v2
= m g
R
v max = g R = 100 = 10 m s 1
m
For ABC
v2
= g , v =
2R
200 = 14.14 m s 1
100
= 5 s
2 10
3 200
300
Time for ABC =
=
s
2 14.14 14.14
Time for DEF =
no
For FA and DC = 2
Total time = 5 +
5.38
100
= 4s
50
300
+ 4 = 86.3s
14.14
dr
= v = i A sin t + j B cos t
dt
dv
= a = 2 r; F = m 2 r
dt
128
Answers
x 2 y2
+
=1
A2 B 2
x = A cos t , y = B sin t
5.39
For (a)
1 2
v z = gH
2
vz = 2gH
vs 2 + vz 2 = vs 2 + 2 gH
Speed at ground =
For (b) also mvs + mgH is the total energy of the ball when it
2
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
So the speed would be the same for both (a) and (b).
5.40
F2 =
F1 +
F1 =
5.41
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
5.42
F3 + F4
F3
F4
F4 F3
2
2 +1
3 N
=
2
2
= tan 1
mg sin mg cos
mg ( sin + cos )
(b) R - (2500 10) = (2500 15) or R = 6.25 104 N, action of the air
no
129
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
Chapter
(b)
6.2
(c)
6.3
(d)
6.4
(c)
6.5
(c)
6.6
(c)
6.7
(c)
6.8
(b)
6.9
(b)
6.10
(b)
6.11
(b) as displacement t 3 / 2
6.12
(d)
6.13
(d)
6.14
(a)
6.15
(b)
6.16
(d)
6.17
(b)
6.18
(c)
6.19
(b), (d)
6.20
6.21
(c)
6.22
Yes, No.
6.23
6.24
6.25
6.26
No, because resistive force of air also acts on the body which is a
non-conservative force. So the gain in KE would be smaller than the
loss in PE.
6.27
No, work done over each closed path is necessarily zero only if all
the forces acting on the system are conservative.
no
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
6.1
130
Answers
6.28
6.30
Power =
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
6.29
6.31
6.32
Both bodies had same KE and hence same amount of work is needed
to be done. Since force aplied is same, they would come to rest within
the same distance.
6.33
Velocity
B
Eo
F
X
6.35
v -v
and e = 2 1 v2 = v1+ 2v0e
v1 = v0(1 e)
no
2v
Since e <1 v1 has the same sign as v0, therefore the ball
moves on after collission.
p 2 p 2
p2
> 2 + 2
2m 2m 2m
131
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
p1
p
p2
q
before
after
p1
p2
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
6.36
Region B : Yes, total energy can be greater than PE for non zero K.E.
Region C : Yes, KE can be greater than total energy if its PE is negative.
Region D : Yes, as PE can be greater than KE.
6.37
(a) Ball A transfers its entire momentum to the ball on the table
and does not rise at all.
6.38
10 10
= 10J
1
1
mv 2 = 10 3 2500 = 1.25J
2
2
no
6.39
(b)
E1
E0
E2
E0
T/4 3T/4
6.40
t
5T/4 7T/4
t
5T/4 7T/4
h = 100 cm n = 1m3
M = v = 103 kg, E =
132
T/4 3T/4
1
1
Mv 2 = 103 (9)2 = 4.05 104 J .
2
2
Answers
6.41
KE =
1
1
mv 2 5 10 4 102
2
2
5
= 2.5 10 J.
10% of this is stored in the spring.
1 2
kx = 2.5 104
2
x=1m
4
6.42
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
k = 5 10 N/m.
= 9 10 J.
This is 10 % of intake.
Intake energy = 10 E = 9 10 J.
6
6.43
v = u + at or v2 = u2 + 2ad
1
1
mv 2 mu 2 = mad = 41.3 J
2
2
no
K =
(e) W = F d = 100 J
6.45
133
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
1
1
( M m ) (v + v )2 + m (v u )2
2
2
rocket
gas
1
1
= Mv 2 + Mv v mvu + mu 2
2
2
1
(KE )t = Mv 2
2
( KE )t +t =
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
6.46
( KE )t +t ( KE )t = ( M v mu )v +
1
1
m u 2 = m u 2 = W
2
2
Mdv dm
=
( u ) ( M v m u ) = 0
dt
dt
Since
6.47
F
L
=Y
A
L
Hookes law :
where A is the surface area and L is length of the side of the cube. If
k is spring or compression constant, then F = k L
A
= YL
L
1
2
4
Initial KE = 2 mv =5 10 J
k= Y
Final PE = 2
6.48
L =
KE
k
1
k ( L )2
2
KE
YL
5 10 4
=1.58 107m
11
2 10
0.1
no
(1)
V ( air He ) gt = m v
134
So, V air He g = m a
1
2
1
1 V2
V 2
mv 2 = m 2 ( air He ) g 2t 2 =
air
He
2
2 m
2m
) gt
2
2 2
(2)
Answers
s = ut +
1 V ( air he ) 2
1 2
1
gt
at ,we get h = at 2 =
2
m
2
2
1 2
1
at ,we get h = at 2
2
2
(3)
1
1
mv 2 = V ( a He ) g
V ( a He ) gt 2
2
2m
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
= V ( a He ) gh
1
mv 2 + V He gh = V air hg
2
KEbaloon + PEbaloon = change in PE of air .
So, as the baloon goes up, an equal volume of air comes down,
increase in PE and KE of the baloon is at the cost of PE of air [which
comes down].
Chapter 7
7.1
(d)
7.2
(c)
7.3
7.5
(b)
7.6
(c)
no
7.4
7.7
7.8
(b)
7.9
(a), (c)
7.10
(a), (d)
7.11
135
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
7.12
.
(a) False, it is along k
(b) True
(c) True
(d) False, there is no sense in adding torques about 2 different
axes.
7.13
tt
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be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
7.14
7.15
7.16
7.17
7.18
(a) iii,
7.19
No. Given Fi = 0
(b) iv
(c) ii (d) i.
ri Fi = 0
i
no
( ri a ) Fi = ri Fi a Fi
i
i
i
136
Answers
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
7.23
2M
a2
a
a
xdm
=
r cos rdrd =
rdrd
dm
r =0 =0
r =0 =0
a 2
r dr sin 0
0
= a
=0
rdr
d
0
0
a
a
ydm
=
y=
r sin rdrd
rdrd
dm
=0 r =0
r =0 =0
x =
a 2
r dr sin d
a 3 [ cos ]0 a 4 4a
= 0 a =0
=
=
=
.
3 (a 2 / 2)
3
3
rdr d
0
0
=
7.24
4M .
a2
no
I = I 11 + I 2 2
I 11 + I 22
I1 + I 2
137
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
1
( I + I 22 )2 1 ( I11 + I 22 )2
(I1 + I 2 ) 1 1
=
2
2
I1 + I 2
( I1 + I 2 )2
(c) K f =
1
( I112 + I 22 2 )
2
I1I 2
K = K f Ki =
(1 2 )2
2( I1 + I 2 )
Ki =
(d) The loss in kinetic energy is due to the work against the friction
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
(a) Zero
(b) Decreases
(c) Increases
(d) Friction
(e) v cm = R.
acm =
mg
F
= k
= g.
k
m
m
mgR
= k
I
I
vcm = u cm + a cm t vcm = k gt
and = o + t = o
k mgR
I
vcm
mgR
= o K
t
R
I
K gt
R
no
t=
7.26
= O
K mgR
I
Ro
2
k g 1 + mR
(a)
F''
Rw
2Rw
F
Velocities at the
point of contact
F'
138
Answers
(b)
F''
Fnet = 0
External torque = F 3R, anticlockwise.
(c)
clockwise respectively)
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
1
=2
2
= 2 2 = 2 =1
I xS I yS c
c
c
I yR I xR
I yR
>
>1
(i) and (ii)
I
I
I
yS
xS
yS
I xR
< 1.
and
I xS
(iii)
I zr I ZS ( a 2 + b 2 2c 2 )
= a 2 + b 2 2ab > 0
( I zR I zS ) > 0
7.28
I zR
> 1.
I zS
(1)
1
2
MR = Rf
2
(2)
no
Ma = 2f
F 3 Mg.
139
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
Chapter
(d)
8.2
(c)
8.3
(a)
8.4
(c)
8.5
(b)
8.6
(d)
8.7
(d)
8.8
(c)
8.9
(a), (c)
8.10
(a), (c)
8.11
8.12
(c), (d)
8.13
(c), (d)
8.14
8.15
(a), (c)
8.16
(d)
8.17
8.18
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
8.1
no
8.19
Areal
velocity
8.20
It is normal to the plane containing the earth and the sun as areal
velocity
A 1
= r vt .
t
2
140
Answers
8.21
8.22
Yes, a body will always have mass but the gravitational force on it
can be zero; for example, when it is kept at the centre of the earth.
8.24
No.
Yes, if the size of the spaceship is large enough for him to detect the
variation in g.
8.25
0
8.26
8.27
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
8.23
Rr
(a) 90
(b) 0
8.28
Every day the earth advances in the orbit by approximately 1o. Then,
it will have to rotate by 361 (which we define as 1 day) to have sun
at zenith point again. Since 361 corresponds to 24 hours; extra 1
corresponds to approximately 4 minute [3 min 59 seconds].
8.29
right and
GMm
( R h )2 to the
10R
GMm
( R + h )2 to the left. The first is larger than the
m
h
second. Hence the net force will also be towards the right. Hence
the equilibrium is unstable.
8.30
no
KE
8.31
141
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
8.32
mgR/2.
8.33
Only the horizontal component (i.e. along the line joining m and O)
will survive. The horizontal component of the force on any point on
the ring changes by a factor:
2r
( 2
2 3/2
4r + r )
4 2.
5 5
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
( 2
2 3/2
r +r )
8.34
As r increases:
U =
GMm
increases.
r
vc =
GM
decreases.
r
1
vc
3 decreases.
r r 2
8.35
r.
AB = C
3
= 3l
(AC) = 2 AG = 2.l .
2
AD = AH + HJ + JD
l
l
= +l +
2
2
= 2l.
AE = AC = 3l , AF = l
no
1 1
1 1 Gm
= Gm 2 2 + Gm 2 2 = 2
l
l 2
l 2
= Gm 2
142
1
Gm 2
cos ( 30 ) +
cos(30)
2
3l
3l 2
Answers
Gm 2
3l 2
3=
Gm 2
3l 2
Gm 2
.
4l 2
Total Force =
GMT 2
(a) r =
4 2
1
1
1 + 3 + 4 .
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
8.36
Gm 2
l2
GMT 2
h =
4 2
= 4.23x107 6.4x106
= 3.59107 m.
R
(b) = cos 1
R + h
= cos
1
1 + h
= cos 1
1+5.61
= 81o18
2=162o 36'
8.37
360o
2
2
2
At perigee rp p = ra a at apogee.
no
ra = a (1 + e ) .
1 + e , e = 0.0167
=
a 1 - e
p
a
= 1.0691
143
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
Let be angular speed which is geometric mean of p and a and
corresponds to mean solar day,
p
= 1.0691
a
p
=
= 1.034.
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
p = 1.034 per day and a = 0.967 per day. Since 361 = 14hrs:
(7.9 smaller).
This does not explain the actual variation of the length of the day
during the year.
8.38
ra = a (1 + e ) = 6 R
rp = a (1 e ) = 2R
e =
1
2
mv p rp = mv a ra
va 1
= .
vp 3
Conservation of Energy:
no
1
GMm 1
GMm
mv p 2
= mv a 2
2
2
rp
ra
144
v p 2 1 = 2GM
9
1 1
2GM
rp ra
vp =
2
va
v p
1 1
r r = 2GM
p
a
1/ 2
1 1
r r
p
a
1/ 2
2GM 1 1
R 2 6
=
Answers
1/ 2
2 / 3 GM
=
8/9 R
v p = 6.85km/s
For r = 6R , vc =
3 GM
= 6.85km/s
4 R
, v a = 2.28km/s.
GM
= 3.23km/s.
6R
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
Chapter
(b)
9.2
(d)
9.3
(d)
9.4
(c)
9.5
(b)
9.6
(a)
9.7
(c)
9.8
(d)
9.9
(c), (d)
9.10
(a), (d)
9.11
(b), (d)
9.12
(a), (d)
9.13
(a), (d)
9.14
Steel
9.15
No
9.16
Copper
9.17
Infinite
9.18
Infinite
no
9.1
145
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
9.19
f /r 2
l /L
Let the increase in length of the second wire be l . Then
2f
4 r 2 = Y
l / 2L
Y =
l r 2
2f
1 2f
2L = l
=
2
L
2
L f
4 r 2
Y 4 r
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
Or, l =
9.20
l
= T = 105 2 102 = 2 10 3
l0
Let the compressive tension on the rod be T and the cross sectional
area be a, then
T /a
=Y
l / l 0
T = Y
l
a = 2 1011 2 103 10 4
lo
= 4 10 4 N
9.21
Now
P
=B
V / V
P = B
h =
no
9.22
V
= 9.8 108 0.1 102
V
800
= 2 1011
( 25 10 6 )/ ( l / 9.1)
l =
9.1 800
m
25 10 6 2 1011
0.5 10 3 m
146
Answers
9.23
As the ivory ball is more elastic than the wet-clay ball, it will tend to
retain its shape instantaneously after the collision. Hence, there will
be a large energy and momentum transfer compared to the wet clay
ball. Thus, the ivory ball will rise higher after the collision.
9.24
Let the cross sectional area of the bar be A. Consider the equilibrium
of the plane aa . A force F must be acting on this plane making an
angle
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
FP = F cos
FN = F sin
FN
q
p/2
q FP
a
A
= sin
A
A
A =
sin
F sin F
= sin2 and the shearing stress
A
A
F
F sin 2
= cos sin =
. Maximum tensile stress is
A
2A
F cos
A
when =
Z =
= /4 .
9.25
no
T ( x ) = gx + C
At x = 0, T (0) = Mg C = Mg
T ( x ) = gx + Mg
147
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
T(x)
A =Y
dx
dr
1
or,
=
T(x)
dx YA
1 L
r=
( gx + Mg )dx
YA 0
dr
dx
gx 2
+ Mgx
2
0
1 mgl
=
+ MgL
YA 2
1
YA
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
x=0
Mg
9
2
A = (10 3 )2 m 2 , Y = 200 10 Nm
m = (10 3 )2 10 7860kg
r=
1
786 10 7 10 10
+ 25 10 10
6
10
= [196.510 6 +3.9810 3 ]
2 10
11
410-3 m
At yield
(m + M)g = 250
no
Hence, M =
148
9.26
250
= 25 75kg.
10
Consider an element at r of width dr. Let T (r) and T (r+dr) be the tensions at
the two edges.
T (r+dr) + T (r) = 2rdr where is the mass/length
dT
dr = 2rdr
dr
Answers
At r = l
T =0
2 2
C=
T(r) =
2
2
(l 2 - r 2 )
l
dr
( 2/2 ) (l 2 - r 2 ) /A
d( )
dr
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
Y=
d( )
1 2 2 2
=
(l - r )
YA 2
dr
1 2 2 2
d( ) =
(l - r )dr
YA 2
1 2 l 2 2
=
(l - r )dr
YA 2 0
1 2 3 l 3
1
1
2l 3 =
2l 2
l - =
3
3
YA 2
YA
YA
3
2
2l 2
3YA
cos =
l 32 + l12 l 22
2l 3l1
A
A
(A
(All))
Differenciating
(Cu)
(Cu) ll
Now,
ll22
60
60
B
B
(Cu)
(Cu)
ll
C
C
ll11
no
dl1 = l11t
dl 2 = l 21t
dl 3 = l 3 2 t
and l1 = l2 = l3 = l
ll
ll11
Putting = 60o
149
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
3
= 21t (1/2 ) 2 t
2
= (1 2 ) t
Or, d =
Y r 4
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
9.28
2(1 2 )t
Wd =
4R
1
h from the
2
ground.
From ABC
1
R 2 ( R d )2 + h
2
If d R
R 2 R 2 2Rd +
d =
h2
8R
1 2
h
4
d A
h/2
If w 0 is the weight/volume
r dC
Y r
h
= w0 ( r 2h )
4R
8R
4
1/3
2Y
h
wo
9.29
r 2/3
(a) Till the stone drops through a length L it will be in free fall. After
that the elasticity of the string will force it to a SHM. Let the stone
come to rest instantaneously at y.
The loss in P.E. of the stone is the P.E. stored in the stretched string.
1
k (y L )2
2
1 2
1 2
Or, mgy = ky kyL + kL
2
2
no
mgy =
150
Or,
1 2
1
ky (kL + mg )y + kL2 = 0
2
2
y=
(kL + mg ) (kL + mg )2 k 2 L2
k
Answers
(kL + mg ) 2mgkL + m 2 g 2
k
y =
(kL + mg ) + 2mgkL + m 2 g 2
k
(b) The maximum velocity is attained when the body passes, through
the equilibrium, position i.e. when the instantaneous acceleration
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
mg = kx
1
1
mv 2 + kx 2 = mg( L + x )
2
2
1
1
mv 2 = mg ( L + x ) kx 2
2
2
Now mg = kx
x =
mg
k
1
mg 1 m 2 g 2
mv 2 = mg L +
k
2
k2
k 2
= mgL +
m 2g2
k
1 m 2 g2
2
1
1 m 2g2
mv 2 = mgL +
2
2 k
v 2 = 2gL + mg 2 / k
v = (2 gL + mg 2 / k )1/ 2
no
md 2y
= mg k (y L )
dt 2
d 2y k
+ (y L ) g = 0
dt 2 m
k
(y L ) g
m
151
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
2
Then d z + k z = 0
2
dt
z = A cos(t + ) where =
k
m
m
y = L + g + A cos(t + )
k
Thus the stone performs SHM with angular frequency about
the point
m
g
k
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
y0 = L +
Chapter 10
10.1
(c)
10.2
(d)
10.3
(b)
10.4
(a)
10.5
(c)
10.6
(a), (d)
10.7
(c), (d)
10.8
(a), (b)
10.9
(c), (d)
10.13 Let the volume of the iceberg be V. The weight of the iceberg is i Vg.
If x is the fraction submerged, then the volume of water displaced is
no
i Vg = w xVg
x =
i
= 0.917
w
152
Answers
where w is the density of water and V is the volume of the block. The
reading in the pan is the force applied by the water on the pan i.e.,
mvessel + mwater + wVg.
Since the scale has been adjusted to zero without the block, the new
reading is wVg.
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
x =
h =
2T cos 0
2(7.2 10 2 )
=
3
gr
10 9.8 2.5 10 5 0.6m
This is the maximum height to which the sap can rise due to surface
tension. Since many trees have heights much more than this,
capillary action alone cannot account for the rise of water in all
trees.
10.17 If the tanker acclerates in the positive x direction, then the water
will bulge at the back of the tanker. The free surface will be such
no
g y
and
a x
153
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
The component of the weight along the surface is g sin
The component of the acceleration force along the surface is
a cos
g sin = a cos
Hence, tan =a/g
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
10.18 Let v1 and v2 be the volume of the droplets and v of the resulting
drop.
Then v = v1+v2
r 0.21cm
U = 4 T r 2 (r12 + r22 )
10.19 R 3 = Nr 3
R
r = 1/ 3
N
U = 4 T (R 2 Nr 2 )
U 4 T ( R 2 Nr 2 )
=
,where is the density.
4
ms
3
R s
3
no
1 r2
3 N
R R
3T 1 r 2 R 3
s R R 3r 3
3T 1 1
= s
R r
10.20 The drop will evaporate if the water pressure is more than the vapour
pressure. The membrane pressure (water)
p=
2T
= 2.33 103 Pa
r
r =
154
3T
s
2T
2(7.28 10 2 )
=
= 6.25 10-5 m
p
2.33 10 3
Answers
10.21 (a) Consider a horizontal parcel of air with cross section A and
height dh. Let the pressure on the top surface and bottom
surface be p and p+dp. If the parcel is in equilibrium, then the
net upward force must be balanced by the weight.
p
p + dp
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
=
p o o
po
dp =
o g
pdh
po
g
dp
= o dh
p
po
p
po
ln
g
dp
= o dh
p
po o
h
g
p
= o h
po
po
g
p = p o exp o h
po
(c)
ln
g
1
= o ho
10
po
ho =
po
o g
ln
1
10
po
2.303
o g
1.013 105
2.303 = 0.16 105 m = 16 103 m
1.29 9.8
no
(d) The assumption p is valid only for the isothermal case which
is only valid for small distances.
155
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
u=
M A Lv
J
NA
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
90
= 90 18 4.2 1023 J
6.8 1020 J
A
NA molecules occupy l
w
A
Thus, the volume around one molecule is N l
A w
1/3
MA
d =
N A w
18
6 10 26 10 3
= ( 30 1030 )
1/ 3
m 3.1 1010 m
no
1 molecule occupies
18 1601 10-3
m3
61026
d 3 = ( 3 1601 10-29)m3
156
Answers
(d) F ( d -d) = u F =
(e)
F /d =
6.8 1020
u
=
= 0.2048 1010 N
d ' d (36.3 3.1) 1010
0.2048 1010
= 0.066N m 1 = 6.6 102 N m 1
3.1 1010
10.23 Let the pressure inside the balloon be Pi and the outside pressure be Po
2
r
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
Pi Po =
Pi V
Mi
=
where Mi is the mass of air inside and MA is the molar
R Ti
MA
P V
Mo
mass of air and no = o =
where Mo is the mass of air outside
R To
MA
ni =
W= Mo g Mi g
M A V Po Pi
g
R To Ti
4
0.02884 83 9.8 1.013 105 1.013 10 5
25
3
=
293
333
8 313 N
8.314
3
4
0.02884 8
1
1
3
1.013 105
9.8N
8.314
293 333
no
W =
= 3044.2 N.
157
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
Chapter
(d)
11.2
(b)
11.3
(b)
11.4
(a)
11.5
(a)
11.6
(a)
11.7
(d)
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
11.1
11
Original volume Vo =
4
R3
3
= 3
V dT
dV = 3V dT 4 R 3 T
11.8
(c)
11.9
(b), (d)
11.10 (b)
11.13 Diathermic
no
158
Steel
Cu
Junction
Flame
Answers
1
Ml 2
12
1
1
1
1
I' =
M (l + l )2 =
Ml 2 +
2 Ml l +
M ( l )2
12
12
12
12
1
I+
Ml 2 2T
12
11.18 I =
= I + 2 I T
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
I = 2 I T
11.19 Refer to the P.T diagram of water and double headed
arrow. Increasing pressure at 0C and 1 atm takes
ice into liquid state and decreasing pressure in liquid
state at 0C and 1 atm takes water to ice state.
P
(atm)
Liquid
218
solid
1
0.006
220
0.01
gas
374
T (K)
11.20 Resultant mixture reaches 0oC. 12.5 g of ice and rest is water.
11.21 The first option would have kept water warmer because according
11.22 l iron l
brass, = 10 cm at all tempertature
l iron (1 + iron t ) l
(1 +
t ) = 10cm
brass
brass
l iron iron = l brass brass
no
l iron
1.8 3
=
=
l brass 1.2 2
1
l
= 10cm l brass = 20 cm
2 brass
and l iron = 30 cm
159
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
Viron
6
=
Vbrass 3.55
brass
iron
vo
V
V
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
=K
=K(3 )t
L L L
11.25 x = +
2
2
2
1
2L L
2
L = L t
L
2 t
2
0.11m 11cm
11.26 Method I
no
= 1 +
dx = dx o (1 + )
dx
(2 1 )
= dx o + dx o 1 +
Lo
Now
160
x
(2 1 ) : linear temperature gradient.
Lo
dx o
= Lo
and
dx = L : new length
q1
q2
Answers
Integrating
L = L o + L o 1 +
(2 1 )
Lo
x dx o
= L o 1 + ( 2 + 1 ) as
2
L0
0 xdx = 2 L 0
2
Method II
If temperature of the rod varies linearly, we can assume average
1
(1 + 2 ) and hence new length
2
1
L = L o 1 + (2 + 1 )
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
temperature to be
(ii) 7 109 kg
Chapter
12.1
12
(c) adiabatic
12.3
(c)
12.4
(b)
12.5
(a)
12.6
(b)
12.7
12.8
(a), (d)
12.9
(b), (c)
no
12.2
12.10
(a), (c)
12.11
(a), (c)
161
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
12.12
12.13
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
Here heat removed is less than the heat supplied and hence the
room, including the refrigerator (which is not insulated from the
room) becomes hotter.
12.15
temperature increases.
dQ = dU + dW
As dQ = 0 (adiabatic process)
so dU = -dW
dU = + ve
12.16
no
12.17
Q T2 3
=
= , Q1 Q2 = 103 J
Q1 T1 5
5
3
Q1 1 = 103 J Q1 = 102 J = 2500 J, Q 2 = 1500J
2
12.18
5 7000 10 3 4.2 J = 60 15 10 N
N=
162
21 7 106 147
=
103 = 16.3 103 times.
900
9
Answers
12.19
P (V + v ) = ( P + p )V
v
p
P 1 +
= P 1 +
v p dv V
=
;
=
V
P dp p
W.D. =
P2
p dv =
P2
12.20
( P2 P1 )
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
p p dp =
P
=1
270
1
=
300 10
1
20
W
1
=
Q 20
12.22
Q2
= 5 , Q2 = 5W, Q1 = 6W
W
T2 5
T
= =
, T2 = 250K = 23 C
T1 6 300
(Pi,Vi)
case(ii) (Pi,Vf)
case (i)
(Pi,Vf)
W =
V2
V2
pdv =A
V1
V1
V
dV
= A
V
1/ 2 V
V2
= 2A
V2 V1
Vf
Since T = pV / nR =
A
. V
nR
no
(b)
Thus,
(c)
T2
V2
=
= 2
T1
V1
U = U 2 W1 =
3
3
R ( T2 T1 ) = RT1 ( 2 1)
2
2
163
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
W = 2 A V1 ( 2 1) = 2RT1 ( 2 1)
Q = (7 / 2)RT1 ( 2 1)
12.24 (a)
A to B
(b)
C to D
(c)
WAB =
= 0; WCD = 0 .
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
p dV
C
C
dV
V r +1
W
=
pdV
=
k
=
k
BC
Vr
Similarly.
R + 1
B
B
Similarly, W DA =
VC
VB
1
( Pc Vc PB VB )
1
1
( PAV A PD VD )
1
Now PC = PB B = 2 PB
VC
Similarly, PD = PA 2-
(d)
1
PB VB ( 2 +1 1) PA V A ( 2 +1 1)
1
1
(21 1)( PB PA )V A
1
2/3
3
1
1
( PB PA ) V A
2
2
no
dQAB = dUAB
3
3
QAB = nR(TB TA ) = (PB PA )VA
2
2
Net Work done 1 2 3
= 1
Efficiency =
Heat Supplied 2
12.25 Q AB = U AB =
3
3
R(TB T A ) = V A ( PB PA )
2
2
QBc = U BC + WBC
164
Answers
) P B (V C
VA )
QCA = 0
QDA =( 5/2) PA (VA-VD)
12.26 Slope of P = f (V), curve at (Vo, Po)
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
= f (Vo)
= nCvdT + P dV
Thus
dQ
dV
CV
[ f (Vo ) + Vo f '(Vo )] + f (Vo )
R
Vo f '(Vo )
1
= 1 + 1 f (Vo ) +
1
Vo
=
Po +
f '(Vo )
1
1
V = Vo
Heat is absorbed when dQ/dV > 0 when gas expands, that is when
Po + Vo f (Vo) >0
f (Vo) > - Po/Vo
Pi = Pa
no
12.27 (a)
k
(V Vo ) = Pa + k (V Vo )
A
(b)
P f = Pa +
(c)
165
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
Q = Pa (V Vo ) +
1
k (V Vo )2 + CV (T To )
2
where To = Pa Vo/R,
T = [Pa+(R/A)-(V-Vo)]V/R
13
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
Chapter
13.1
(b)
13.2
(d)
13.3
(b)
13.4
13.5
(a)
13.6
(d)
( p = Mg / A ) arrangement.
Comment for discussion: The usual statement for the perfect gas law
somehow emphasizes molecules. If a gas exists in atomic form
(perfectly possible) or a combination of atomic and molecular form,
the law is not clearly stated.
13.7
(b)
no
13.8
(d)
13.9
(b),(d)
13.10 (c)
13.11 (a), (d)
166
Answers
( )
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
13.14 Molar mass of gold is 197 g mole1, the number of atoms = 6.0
V2 =
13.16
P1V1 P2V2
=
T1
T2
V1 P2T1 2 300 3
=
=
=
V2 P1T2
400
2
P1 =
1 M 2
1 M 2
c1 ; P2 =
c2
3 V1
3 V2
c 22 = c12
V2 P2
V1 P1
= (100)2
c2 =
2
2
3
200
m s1
3
13.17 vrms =
v12 + v 22
2
(9 106 )2 + (1 106 )2
2
(81 + 1) 1012
= 41 106 m s 1.
2
no
5
RT
2
167
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
13.19 l
1
d2
o
d1 = 1 A
2 = 2 A
l1 : l 2 = 4 :1
13.20 V1 = 2.0 litre
V2 = 3.0 litre
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
P1V1 = 1RT1
P2V2 = 2 RT2
= 1 + 2
For 1 mole PV =
V = V1V2
2
E
3
2
1E1
3
2
P2V2 = 2 E 2
For 2 moles
3
3
Total energy is ( 1E1 + 2 E 2 ) = (P1V1 + P2V2 )
2
2
2
PV = E total = E per mole
3
3
2 3
P (V1 + V2 ) = (P1V1 + P2V2 )
3 2
P1V1 + P2V2
P=
*
V1 + V2
For 1 moles
P1V1 =
8.0
= 1.60 atm.
5.0
no
13.21 The average K.E will be the same as conditions of temperature and
pressure are the same
1
vrms
m
m A > m B > mc
vC > v B > v A
168
Answers
Vin
(3)3 106
=
2.7 10 7 m 3
100
100
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
cannot be neglected. Therfore the ideal gas situation does not hold.
13.23 When air is pumped, more molecules are pumped in. Boyles law is
stated for situation where number of molecules remain constant.
13.24 = 5.0
T = 280K
3
kT
2
3
kT N
2
3
= 30 1023 1.38 1023 280
2
= 1.74 104 J
6.023 1023
= 2.688 1019
22400
no
= 1.344 1020
1
2
13.26 Loss in K.E of the gas = E = (mn )v o
2
where n = no: of moles.
If its temperature changes by T , then
3
1
R T = mn vo 2 .
2
2
T =
mvo 2
3R
169
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
13.27 The moon has small gravitational force and hence the escape velocity
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
is small. As the moon is in the proximity of the Earth as seen from the
Sun, the moon has the same amount of heat per unit area as that of
the Earth. The air molecules have large range of speeds. Even though
the rms speed of the air molecules is smaller than the escape velocity
on the moon, a significant number of molecules have speed greater
than escape velocity and they escape. Now rest of the molecules
arrange the speed distribution for the equilibrium temperature. Again
a significant number of molecules escape as their speeds exceed escape
speed. Hence, over a long time the moon has lost most of its
atmosphere.
At 300 K
Vrms =
3kT
=
m
V 2rms =
n i vi 2
i
ni
no
vrms = 639m/s
1
3
mv 2rms = kT
2
2
T =
170
Answers
2
(ii) V rms =
vrms = 584m/s
13.29 Time t =
=
n=
t=
=
1 mV 2rms
= 248K
3
k
tt
o N
be C
re ER
pu T
bl
is
he
d
T =
v
1
, d = diameter and n = number density
2 d 2n
N
10
=
= 0.0167 km 3
V 20 20 1.5
1
2 d 2 ( N / V ) v
1
1.414 3.14 (20)2 0.0167 103 150
= 225 h
In time t, particles moving along the wall will collide if they are
within (V1x t ) distance. Let a = area of the wall. No. of particles
colliding in time t =
wall).
1
n i (Vix t )a (factor of 1/2 due to motion towards
2
no
V 2rms
3
1
3
3kT
mV 2rms = kT V 2rms =
2
2
m
kT
V 21x =
m
V12x =
1
kT
n1
t a . If particles
2
m
171
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
collide along hole, they move out. Similarly outer particles colliding
along hole will move in.
1
kT
(n1 n 2 )
t a as temperature
2
m
PV
pV = RT =
N A PN A RT
n=
=
V
RT
After some time pressure changes to p1 inside
P1N A
RT
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is
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d
n1 =
1
2
P1N A
P N
N
1
V 1 A V = ( P1 P2 ) A
2
RT
RT
RT
P P1 V m
= 2 1
P1 P2 a kT
kT
a
m
kT
a
m
46.7 1027
1.5 1.4 5 1.00
= 2
6
1.38 1023 300
1.5 1.0 0.01 10
= 1.38 105 s
When block is moving with speed vo, relative speed of molecules w.r.t.
front face = v + vo
1
(v + v o )n tA , where A = area of cross
2
no
surface
= (4 Av )v o
172
Answers
We also have
1
1
mv 2 = kT
2
2
Therefore, v =
kT
.
m
kT
v0 .
m
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Thus drag = 4 A
Chapter
14.1
(b)
14.2
(b)
14.3
(d)
14.4
(c)
14.5
(c)
14.6
(d)
14.7
(b)
14.8
(a)
14.9
(c)
14.10 (a)
14.11 (b)
14
no
14.22 When the bob of the pendulum is displaced from the mean position
so that sin
173
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
14.23 +
14.24 Four
14.25 -ve
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14.27
1
1
14.28 lm = l E = m
6
6
14.29 If mass m moves down by h, then the spring extends by 2h (because
each side expands by h). The tension along the string and spring is
the same.
In equilibrium
mg = 2 (k. 2h)
F = mg - 2k ( 2h + 2x )
= 4kx
m
4k
So. T = 2
14.30 y =
14.31
2 sin ( t / 4) ; T = 2 /
14.32 U = U o (1 cos x )
F=
dU d
=
(U o U o cos a x )
dx
dx
= U o sin x
no
U o x
= U o 2 x
We know that F = kx
So, k = U o 2
T = 2
174
m
U o 2
Answers
2 = o sin (t + 2 )
For the first, = 2, sin (t + 1 ) = 1
For the 2nd, = 1, sin (t + 2 ) = 1/ 2
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t + 1 = 90, t + 2 = 30
1 2 = 120
14.35 (a) Yes.
= 50 9.8 + 50
5
( 2 2 )2
100
= 50 9.8 50
5
( 2 2 )2
100
= 490400
= 90 N.
14.37 Let the log be pressed and let the vertical displacement at the
equilibrium position be xo.
At equilibrium
mg = Buoyant force
= Ax o g
no
= ( A g )x . i.e. proportional to x.
T = 2
m
Ag
175
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
14.38 Consider the liquid in the length dx. Its mass is A dx at a height x.
PE = A dx gx
dx
h1 x
h1
o A gxdx
45
h1
= Ag
45
h12 A gl 2 sin 2 45
=
2
2
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d
x2
= Ag
2
h2
h 22 A gl 2 sin 2 45
=
2
2
A gl 2
2
If the change in liquid level along the tube in left side in y, then
length of the liquid in left side is ly and in the right side is l + y.
Total P.E. = A g(l y )2 sin 2 45 + A g(l + y )2 sin2 45
Change in PE = (PE)f (PE)i
Ag
2
Ag
=
2
=
(l y )2 + (l + y )2 l 2
l 2 + y 2 2 ly + l 2 + y 2 + 2 ly l 2
= A g y 2 + l 2
Change in K.E. =
1
A 2ly 2
2
no
( P .E ) + ( K .E ) = 0
A g l 2 + y 2 + A ly 2 = 0
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. time,
176
Answers
dy
= 0
A g 0 + 2y
+ 2 A lyy
dt
= 0
2 A gy + 2 A ly
+ gy = 0
ly
+
y
g
y =0
l
g
l
g
l
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d
2 =
l
g
T = 2
g.x
, where g is the acceleration
R
at the surface.
Force =
mgx
mg
= k .x , k =
R
R
m
R
= 2
K
g
= 0 cos t
= 0 2 sin 2t
At t1 = 1/6
1
6
d
= dt
2
= 3 0
6
no
= 0 2 sin
u = 30l
qo
qo/2
u y = 3 0l sin 0
177
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
u x = 30l cos 0
At the time it snaps, the vertical height is
H = H + l (1 cos (0 /2 ) )
Let the time required for fall be t, then
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d
1 2
gt + 30l sin0 t H = 0
2
3 0l sin 0 3 2 02 e 2 sin 2 0 + 2 gH
t =
g
3 l 02 3 204 l 2 + 2 gH
Or,
2H
.
g
Now H' H + l (1 1) = H t
2H
g
X = 30l cos 0
2H
g
To order of 0 ,
X = 30l
2H
6H
=
0 l .
g
g
no
178
l 0
6H
l0 = l0 (1 6H / g ).
g
Answers
15.1
(b)
15.2
(c)
15.3
(c)
15.4
(c)
15.5
(b)
15.6
(c)
15.7
(d)
15.8
(b)
15.9
(b)
15.10 (c)
15
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Chapter
15.18 Wire of twice the length vibrates in its second harmonic. Thus if the
tuning fork resonaters at L, it will resonate at 2L.
15.19 L/2 as is constant.
15.20 517 Hz.
15.21 5cm
1
m = r 2
m
15.24 n n
1
2
1
2l
no
4l
c v
179
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
nv
, the result follows.
2L
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15.31 From the relation, =
15.32 t =
= 1975 s.
= 32 minute 55 second.
15.33 c =
c
=
v
3P
3RT
,v =
M
and =
P
RT
=
M
7
for diatomic gases.
5
15.35 (a) 5m, (b) 5m, (c) 50Hz, (d) 250ms-1, (e) 500 ms-1.
15.36 (a) 6.4 radian, (b) 0.8 radian, (c) radian, (d) 3 /2 radian, (e)
no
80 radian.
180
SAMPLE
QUESTION PAPERS
DESIGN
OF
QUESTION PAPER
PHYSICS
CLASS XI
TIME: 3 HRS.
MAX. MARKS: 70
The weightage or the distribution of marks over different dimensions of the question
A.
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Sr. No.
Marks
1.
03
2.
Kinematics
10
3.
Laws of motion
10
4.
06
5.
06
6.
Gravitation
05
7.
10
8.
Thermodynamics
05
9.
05
10
Total
70
10.
B.
Unit
Sr. No.
Form of Question
question
1.
15
2.
09
27
3.
10
20
08
08
30
70
no
4.
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
1 Mark quesiton may be Very Short Answer (VSA) type or Multiple choice Quesition
with only one option correct.
2 Mark question may be Short Answer (SAII) or Multiple choice Question with more
than one option correct.
C.
Scheme of options
1. There will be no over all option.
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2. Internal choices (either for type) on a very selective basis has been given in some
questions.
Weightage to difficulty levels of questions
Sr. No.
Percentage
1.
Easy
15
2.
Average
70
3.
Difficult
15
no
D.
182
VSA (1 Mark)
Total
8 (8)
2 (2)
VII
1 (1)
Gravitation
VI
1 (1)
1 (1)
IX
IV
1 (1)
Laws of Motion
III
1 (1)
VIII Thermodynamics
Kinematics
II
1(1)
20 (10)
4 (2)
2 (1)
2 (1)
2 (1)
2 (1)
2 (1)
4 (2)
2 (1)
SAI (2 Marks)
27 (9)
3 (1)
3 (1)
3 (1)
3 (1)
3 (1)
3 (1)
9 (3)
SA II (3 Marks)
15 (3)
5 (1)
5 (1)
5 (1)
LA (5 Marks)
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Topic
no
Sample Paper 1
Blue Print
70 (30)
10 (4)
5 (3)
5 (2)
10 (3)
5 (2)
6 (3)
6 (3)
10 (4)
10 (4)
3 (2)
Total
183
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
SAMPLE PAPER I
PHYSICS XI
Time : Three Hours
Max. Marks : 70
General Instructions
All questions are compulsory.
(b)
There are 30 questions in total. Questions 1 to 8 carry one mark each, questions 9 to 18
carry two marks each, questions 19 to 27 carry three marks each and questions 28 to
30 carry five marks each.
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(a)
(c)
There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question
of two marks, one question of three marks and all three questions of five marks each.
You have to attempt only one of the given choices in such questions.
(d)
(e)
c = 3 108ms-1
h = 6.6 10-34Js
o = 4 107 TmA1
1.
If momentum (P), area (A) and time (T) are taken to be fundamental quantities, then
energy has the dimensional formula
(a) [P1 A-1 T1]
(b) [P2 A1 T1]
2.
no
3.
The average velocity of a particle is equal to its instantaneous velocity. What is the
nature of its motion?
4.
184
(b)
(c)
(d)
Hollow sphere
Air
R/2
Fig. 1
A
B
C
R/2
D
Sand
Two molecules of a gas have speeds 9 106 m/s and 1.0 106 m/s,
respectively. What is the r.m.s. speed?
7.
8.
9.
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6.
10. 100 g of water is supercooled to 10oC. At this point, due to some disturbance mechanised
or otherwise some of it suddenly freezes to ice. What will be the temperature of the
resultant mixture and how much mass would freeze?
S w = 1cal/g/o C and Lw Fusion = 80cal/g
OR
One day in the morning to take bath, I filled up 1/3 bucket of hot water from geyser.
Remaining 2/3 was to be filled by cold water (at room temperature) to bring the mixture
to a comfortable temperature. Suddenly I had to attend to some work which would take,
say 5-10 minutes before I can take bath. Now I had two options: (i) fill the remaining
bucket completely by cold water and then attend to the work; (ii) first attend to the work
and fill the remaining bucket just before taking bath. Which option do you think would
have kept water warmer? Explain.
no
12. What is meant by escape velocity? Obtain an expression for escape velocity of an object
projected from the surface of the earth.
185
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
13.
A fighter plane is flying horizontally at an altitude of 1.5 km with speed 720 km/h. At
what angle of sight (w.r.t. horizontal) when the target is seen, should the pilot drop
the bomb in order to hit the target?
14.
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15.
Fig. 2
16.
Fig. 3
-17
17.
kg in Brownian
18.
A ball with a speed of 9m/s strikes another identical ball at rest such that after collision
the direction of each ball makes an angle 30 with the original direction. Find the speed
of two balls after collision. Is the kinetic energy conserved in this collision process?
19.
Derive a relation for the maximum velocity with which a car can safely negotiate a
circular turn of radius r on a road banked at an angle , given that the coefficient of
friction between the car types and the road is .
20.
A helicopter of mass 1000 kg rises with a vertical acceleration of 15 m s2. The crew
and the passengers weight 300 kg. Give the magnitude and direction of the
no
21.
22.
186
A woman pushes a trunk on a railway platform which has a rough surface. She applies a force of 100 N over a distance of 10 m. Thereafter, she gets progressively tired
24.
Derive an expression for the kinetic energy and potential energy of a statellite orbiting
around a planet. A satellite of mass 200kg revolves around a planet of mass 5 1030
kg in a circular orbit 6.6 106 m radius. Calculate the B.E. of the satellite.
G = 6.6 10-11 Nm 2 / kg2 .
25.
26.
Consider a cycle tyre being filled with air by a pump. Let V be the volume of the tyre
(fixed) and at each stroke of the pump V ( V ) of air is transferred to the tube
adiabatically. What is the work done when the pressure in the tube is increased from
P1 to P2?
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23.
OR
In a refrigerator one removes heat from a lower temperature and deposits to the surroundings at a higher temperature. In this process, mechanical work has to be done,
which is provided by an electric motor. If the motor is of 1kW power, and heat is transferred from -3o C to 27o C , find the heat taken out of the refrigerator per second assuming its efficiency is 50% of a perfect engine.
27.
Show that when a string fixed at its two ends vibrates in 1 loop, 2 loops, 3 loops and 4
loops, the frequencies are in the ratio 1:2:3:4.
28.
(b) Define terminal velocity and find an expression for the terminal velocity in case of
a sphere falling through a viscous liquid.
OR
The stress-strain graph for a metal wire is shown in Fig. 4. The wire returns to its
original state O along the curve EFO when it is gradually unloaded. Point B corresponds to the fracture of the wire.
Upto what point of the curve is Hookes law obeyed?
(ii)
no
(i)
(iii)
(iv)
Stress
E
F
Strain
Fig. 4
187
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
(v)
29.
What is peculiar about the portion of the stress-strain graph from C to B? Upto
what stress can the wire be subjected without causing fracture?
It is a common observation that rain clouds can be at about a kilometre altitude above
the ground.
(a) If a rain drop falls from such a height freely under gravity, what will be its speed?
Also calculate in km/h. (g = 10m/s2).
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(b) A typical rain drop is about 4mm diameter. Estimate its momentum if it hits you.
(c) Estimate the time required to flatten the drop i.e. time between first contact and
the last contact.
(d) Estimate how much force such a drop would exert on you.
(e) Estimate to the order of magnitude force on an umbrella. Typical lateral separation
between two rain drops is 5 cm.
(Assume that the umbrella cloth is not pierced through !!)
OR
A cricket fielder can throw the cricket ball with a speed vo. If he throws the ball while
running with speed u at an angle to the horizontal, find
(i) The effective angle to the horizontal at which the ball is projected in air as seen by
a spectator.
(iii) What is the distance (horizontal range) from the point of projection at which the
ball will land?
(iv) Find at which he should throw the ball that would maximise the horizontal
range as found in (iii).
(v) How does for maximum range change if u >vo,
30.
u = vo,
u < vo?
no
(b) A cylindrical log of wood of height h and area of cross-section A floats in water. It is
pressed and then released. Show that the log would execute S.H.M. with a time
period,
m
Ag
where m is mass of the body and is density of the liquid
T = 2
OR
188
no
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
189
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
SAMPLE PAPER I
SOLUTIONS AND MARKING SCHEME
1.
(d)
(1)
2.
Uniform motion
(1)
3.
4.
(a)
(1)
(c)
(1)
6.
7.
8.
9.
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5.
()+() (1)
(Formula
, Result ) (1)
3m; O m.
()+() (1)
K .E . 15
=
E
16
(Formula
(i) [ M L T 1 ] , (ii) [ M L 1T ]
, Ratio ) (2)
1 + 1 (2)
10. Resultant mixture reaches 0oC. 12.5 g of ice and rest of water.
(1+1)
OR
The first option would have kept water warmer because according to Newtons law of
cooling the rate of loss of heat is directly proportional to the difference of temperature of
the body and the surrounding. In the first case the temperature difference is less so
rate of loss of heat will be less.
h1 tan 2
=
h2
1
(2)
1 + 1 (2)
12. The minimum velocity of prejection of an object so that it just escapes the gravitational
(1)
GMm
1
mv 2 =
or v =
2
Re
(1)
no
2GM
Re
13. Let the time taken by the bomb to hit the target be t.
190
1500 =
1 2
gt
2
(1)
1500
3464
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d
tan =
or = tan 1 0.43
14.
(1)
v A = v CM R = 0
vCM = R
v B = v CM
vC = vCM +
()
R
2
R
2
= v CM / 2
()
3
vCM
2
()
v D = v CM + R = 2v CM
()
1
(300)(30) = 450J
2
16. Since Argon and Chlorine are both at the same temperature, the ratio of their
1
average K.E. per molecule is 1:1
2
3
MV 2rms=K.E. per molecule = kT.
2
Vrms ( Argon)
=
Vrms ( Chlorine )
no
(1)
(1)
()
()
70.9
M (Cl )
=
M ( Ar )
39.9
= 1.77 = 1.33
(+)
191
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
17.
PV =
1
m
2
mVrms
RT
=
3
M
Vrms =
(1)
3 ( Nk ) T
3kT
=
()
()
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bl
is
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d
= 15 103 m s1
= 1.5 cm s1
18.
(1)
()
()
v1 + v2 = 6 3
v1 = v 2
v1 = v2 = 3 3 m s 1
Tf Ti =
1
1
2
m ( 3 3 ) 2 m 92 = 13.5m joule
2
2
()
()
rg ( tan + )
1 tan
19.
20.
(a) He does so to increase the time taken for the catch. Since F = Ma = M
(1) + (2)
dv
,
dt
therefore increasing the time for the catch reduces the impact of force by the
(1)
(b) As seen from the figure, when the lawn mower is pulled by force F at to the
horizontal, the horizontal component F cos causes translatory motion of the
lawn mower while the vertical component cancels the weight of the lawn mower.
(1)
no
F
F
F
F
F
F
mg
(Pull)
192
mg
22.
(1)
(1+1+1)
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(1+1+1)
23.
f = i + t ; = i t +
24.
Derivation of K.E. =
P.E. =
Vb =
1 2 2
t ; f = i2 + 2
2
(1+1+1)
GMm
,
2r
GMm
r
1
1 GMm
mv 2 =
= 5 1015 J
2
2 r
(1+1+1)
25.
26.
P (V + v ) = ( P + p )V
v
p
P 1 +
= P 1 +
(1 + 2)
(1)
v p dv V
=
;
=
V
P dp p
W.D. =
P2
P dv =
P2
P p dp =
P
1
( P2 P1 )
(2)
OR
270
1
=
300 10
no
=1
(1)
1
20
(1)
193
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
then
W
1
=
or Q = 20W = 20KJ
Q 20
(1)
nv
, the result follows.
2L
1 1 1 1
+ + + + 1
2 2 2 2
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(a) Coefficent of viscosity for a fliud is defined as the ratio of shearing stress
to the strain rate:
F / A Fl
=
v /l
vA
(1)
()
2 2 ( L )
r
(2)
OR
no
29.
194
4 3
4
r =
(2 10 3 )3 (103 ) = 3.4 10 5 kg
3
3
P = mv 4.7 10 3 kg m/s 5 10 3 kg m/s
m =
(1+1+1+1+1)
(c)
diameter 4mm
t d / v = 28 s 30 s
P 4.7 103
=
168N 1.7 102 N
t
28 106
(d)
F =
(e)
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With average separation of 5cm, no. of drops that will fall almost simultaneously
is
0.8m 2
320
(5 102 )2
OR
(i)
(ii)
vo sin
tan 1
v o cos + u
2vo sin
g
(iv)
(v)
R =
2v o
s
o
c
n
i
s
(iii)
(1++1+1+++)
(v o
g
+ u)
u + u 2 + 8v 2
o
4vo
max = cos 1
u
1
v o
4
2
max cos 1
vo
= /2 (if vo u )
u
no
30.
= 4 (if u v o )
y = r sin t
Velocity, v =
dy
= r cos t
dt
Acceleration a =
dv
= 2r sin t
dt
= 2y
(1)
195
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
So, acceleration of a body executing S.H.M. is directly proportional to the displacement
of the particle from the mean position at that instant.
(b) Let the block be pressed and let the vertical displacement at the equilibrium position
be xo.
At equilibrium
mg = Buoyant force
= A.x o . .g
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bl
is
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d
= ( A g )x . i.e. proportional to x.
T = 2
m
Ag
OR
(b) 5m
no
(a) 5m
196
(c) 50Hz
(d) 250ms
-1
(1+1+1+1+1)
VSA (1 Mark)
Total
1(1)
1(1)
IX
Gravitation
VI
2(1)
1(1)
VIII Thermodynamics
IV
2(1)
Laws of Motion
III
Kinematics
II
1(1)
1(2)
2(2)
2(2)
1(2)
1(2)
2(2)
1(2)
SAI (2 Marks)
1(3)
1(3)
1(3)
2 (3)
1 (3)
1(3)
2(3)
SA II (3 Marks)
1(5)
1(5)
1(5)
LA (5 Marks)
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Topic
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Sample Paper II
Blue Print
70
10
10
10
10
Total
197
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
SAMPLE PAPER II
Time : Three Hours
Max. Marks : 70
(b)
There are 30 questions in total. Questions 1 to 8 carry one mark each, questions 9 to 18
carry two marks each, questions 19 to 27 carry three marks each and questions 28 to
30 carry five marks each.
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(a)
(c)
(d)
(e)
c = 3 108ms-1
h = 6.6 10-34Js
o = 4 107 TmA1
1.
(a) infinity; (b) zero; (c) unity; (d) some finite small non-zero constant value.
2.
If all other parameters except the one mentioned in each of the options below be the
same for two objects, in which case (s) they would have the same kinetic energy?
(a) Mass of object A is two times that of B.
(b) Volume of object A is half that of B.
(c) Object A if falling freely while object B is moving upward with the same speed at any
given point of time.
(d) Object A is moving horizontally with a constant speed while object B is falling freely.
If the sun and the planets carried huge amounts of opposite charges,
no
3.
198
Which of the following pairs of physical quantities does not have the same dimensional
formula?
(a) Work and torque.
(b) Angular momentum and Plancks constant.
(c) Tension and surface tension.
(d) Impulse and linear momentum.
An ideal gas undergoes four different processes from same initial state (Fig.1). Four
processes are adiabatic, isothermal, isobaric and isochoric. Out of A, B, C, and D, which
one is adiabatic?
P
(a) (B)
(b) (A)
(c) (C)
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5.
(d) (D)
Fig. 1
6.
Why do two layers of a cloth of equal thickness provide warmer covering than a single
layer of cloth of double the thickness?
7.
Volume versus temperature graphs for a given mass of an ideal gas are shown in Fig 2 at
two different values of constant pressure. What can be inferred about relations between
P1 & P2?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
8.
P1 > P2
P1 = P2
P1 < P2
data is insufficient.
Along a streamline
(a)
(b)
P2
P1
20
10
no
(c)
V
(l)
40
30
(d)
9.
State Newtons third law of motion and use it to deduce the principle of conservation of
linear momentum.
199
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
x
B
O
Fig. 3
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V1 + V2
2
(b)
2V1 + V2
V1 + V2
2V1V2
(c) V + V
1
2
(d)
12.
L (V1 + V2 )
V1V2
Which of the diagrams shown in Fig. 4 most closely shows the variation in kinetic
energy of the earth as it moves once around the sun in its elliptical orbit?
(a)
(b)
no
K.E
(c)
(d)
Fig. 4
200
13.
The vernier scale of a travelling microscope has 50 divisions which coincide with 49
main scale divisions. If each main scale division is 0.5 mm, calculate the minimum
inaccuracy in the measurement of distance.
14. A vessel contains two monatomic gases in the ratio 1:1 by mass. The temperature of the
mixture is 27C. If their atomic masses are in the ratio 7:4, what is the (i) average kinetic
energy per molecule (ii) r.m.s. speed of the atoms of the gases.
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15. A 500kg satellite is in a circular orbit of radius Re about the earth. How much energy is
required to transfer it to a circular orbit of radius 4Re? What are the changes in the
kinetic and potential energy? ( R e = 6.37 106 m, g = 9.8 m s 2 ,)
16. A pipe of 17 cm length, closed at one end, is found to resonate with a 1.5 kHz source.
(a) Which harmonic of the pipe resonate with the above source? (b) Will resonance with
the same source be observed if the pipe is open at both ends? Justify your answer. (Speed
of sound in air = 340 m s-1)
17. Show that the average kinetic energy of a molecule of an ideal gas is directly propotional
to the absolute temperature of the gas.
18.
Obtain an expression for the acceleration due to gravity at a depth h below the surface
of the earth.
3m/s
no
(c) From two different cases as mentioned in (a) and (b) above,
in which case will he reach opposite bank in shorter time?
Fig. 5
21. (a) A raindrop of mass 1 g falls from rest, from a height of 1 km and hits the ground with
a speed of 50 m s-1.
(i) What are the final K.E. of the drop and its initial P.E.?
(ii) How do you account for the difference between the two?
(Take g = 10ms2).
201
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
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(b) Two identical ball bearings in contact with each other and resting on a frictionless
table are hit head-on by another ball bearing of the same mass moving initially
with a speed V as shown in Fig. 6.
Fig. 6
(a)
(c)
V/2
V=0
V /3
V /1
V /2
V /3
(d)
(b)
Fig. 7
(b) Figure 8 shows (x, t), (y,t) diagrams of a particle moving in 2-dimensions.
If the particle has a mass of 500 g, find the force (direction and magnitude) acting
on the particle.
no
1s
2s
3s
Fig. 8
202
23.
24. A 3m long ladder weighing 20 kg leans on a frictionless wall. Its feet rest on the floor
1 m from the wall Find the reaction forces of the wall and the floor. (3)
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25. A fully loaded Boeing aircraft has a mass of 3.3105 kg. Its total wing area is 500 m2.
It is in level flight with a speed of 960km/h. (a) Estimate the pressure difference
between the lower and upper surfaces of the wings. (b) Estimate the fractional
increase in the speed of the air on the upper surface of the wing relative to the lower
surface.
(The density of air = 1.2 kg m 3 )
26. Explain briefly the working principle of a refrigerator and obtain an expression for its
coefficient of performance.
27. Derive an expression for the apparent frequency of the sound heard by a listener when
source of sound and the listener both move in the same direction.
28. (a) Show that for small amplitudes the motion of a simple pendulum is simple harmonic,
hence obtain an expression for its time period.
(b) Consider a pair of identical pendulums, which oscillate independently such that
when one pendulum is at its extreme position making an angle of 2 to the right with
the vertical, the other pendulum is at its extreme position making an angle of 1 to
the left of the vertical. What is the phase difference between the pendulums?
29. (a) What is capillary rise? Derive an expression for the height to which a liquid rises in
a capillary tube of radius r.
(b) Why small drops of a liquid are always spherical in shape.
30. (a) Derive an expression for the maximum safe speed for a car on a banked track,
inclined at angle to the horizontal. is the cofficient of friction between the tracks
and the tyres.
no
(b) A 100 kg gun fires a ball of 1kg from a cliff of height 500 m. It falls on the ground at
a distance of 400m from the bottom of the cliff. Find the recoil velocity of the gun.
(acceleration due to gravity = 10 m s-2)
203
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
SAMPLE PAPER II
SOLUTIONS AND MARKING SCHEME
(b)
(1)
2.
(e)
(1)
3.
(c)
(1)
4.
(c)
5.
(c)
6.
Air enclosed between two layers of cloth prevents the transmission of heat from
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1.
(1)
(1)
7.
(a)
(1)
8.
(b)
9.
Statement
(2)
(1)
dp1
dp
d
= 2 or
( p1 + p2 ) = 0
dt
dt
dt
()
p1 + p2 = constant .
()
(2)
11. (c)
(2)
12. (d)
(2)
(2)
(2)
no
13. 0.01 mm
15.
E = 11.75 109 J
(1)
KE = -11.75 109 J
()
PE = -23.475 109 J
()
204
16. (a)
n 340 102
= 500n , where n is the harmonic for a closed pipe. Closed pipe vibrates
4 17
(1)
17.
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n 340 102
= 103 n where n is the harmonic. No integral value of n is possible for
2 17
1.5KHz. So answer is No.
(1)
P =
1 MC 2
3 V
PV =
()
1
2
M C 2 = K .E
3
3
()
PV = nRT
()
K.E T
()
18. AP = h
g =
()
GM
( Re
h)
()
4
3
M = ( Re h )
3
g = g 1
19. (a) v = 6 i + 8t j
Re
()
()
(1+1+1)
a =8j
no
20. (i) 5 m / s at 37 to N.
(3)
205
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
(3)
22. (a)
(1)
F
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mg
mg
(Pull)
a x = 0, a y = 2 m s 1
(b)
7
MR 2 (Using parallel axis)
5
(2)
(1)
(1)
(1)
24. Let F1 and F2 be the reaction forces of the wall and the floor respectively.
NW = 0
(3)
FF1 = 0 ()
no
2 2 F1 (1/ 2 ) W = 0
()
W = N = 20 9.8 N = 196 N
F = F1 = w / 4 2 = 34.6N
F2 =
206
F 2 + N 2 = 199.0N
()
()
tan = N / F = 4 2, = tan 1 4 2
()
25. (a) The weight of the Boeing aircraft is balanced by the upwards force due to the pressure
difference:
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()
()
= 6.5103Nm2
(b) The pressure difference between the lower and upper surfaces of the wing is
P = ( / 2 ) (v 22 v12 )
()
where v2 is the speed of air over the upper surface and v1 is the speed under the
bottom surface.
v 2 v1 =
2p
( v 2 + v1 )
()
v av = ( v1 + v 2 ) /2 = 960km/h = 267m s 1
(v 2
v1 ) / v av = P / v 2av 0.08
()
()
(1)
(b)
(1)
Source T2
no
W = Q1 Q1 System
Sink T2
207
Exemplar ProblemsPhysics
27.
T2
(c) = T T
1
2
(1)
v + vo
v = vo
.
v + vS
(3)
(1)
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Deviation of
T = 2
l
g
(2)
(b) 1 = o sin ( t + 1 )
2 = o sin (t + 2 )
t + 1 = 90, t + 2 = 30
1 2 = 120
(2)
(1)
()
Derivation
(1)
(b) Due to surface tension, liquid drops take the shape of minimum area which
is sphere
(2)
(1)
Devivation of
no
+ tan
formula Vs =
1 tan
208
1/ 2
rg
(2)
(2)
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Notes
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Notes