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Product Information

Model 35 Viscometer
The Standard of the Industry
Fann Instrument Company produces a range of true Couette coaxial cylinder rotational viscometers.
The test fluid is contained in the annular space or shear gap between the cylinders. Rotation of the
outer cylinder at known velocities is accomplished through precision gearing. The viscous drag exerted
by the fluid creates a torque on the inner cylinder or bob. This torque is transmitted to a precision spring
where its deflection is measured and then related to the test conditions and instrument constants. This
system permits the true simulation of most significant flow process conditions encountered in industrial
processing.
FANN Direct Indicating Viscometers combine accuracy with simplicity of design, and are recommended
for evaluating materials that are Bingham plastics. These instruments are equipped with factory
installed R1 Rotor Sleeve, B1 Bob, F1 Torsion Spring, and a stainless steel sample cup for testing
according to American Petroleum Institute Specification RP 13B. Other rotor-bob combinations
and/or torsion springs can be substituted to extend the torque measuring range or to increase the
sensitivity of the torque measurement. Shear stress is read directly from a calibrated scale. Plastic
viscosity and yield point of a fluid can be determined easily by making two simple subtractions from the
observed data when the instrument is used with the R1-B1 combination and the standard F1 torsion
spring.

Direct Reading Viscometers


Fann Direct Reading Rotational Viscometers have been in continuous production for over sixty years.
These viscometers have been designed so viscosity in centipoise or millipascal seconds is indicated on
the scale when the standard rotor, bob and torsion spring are used at a test speed of 300 rpm.
Viscosities at other test speeds are simple multipliers of the scale reading.
The torque scale has a range to 300 degrees deflection with a resolution of about 0.5 degrees. It is also
possible to compute a shear stress from the dial reading with appropriate instrument constants.
Likewise, a shear rate factor can be computed for a given rotor-bob combination (shear gap) to give a
defined shear rate in sec1.
The viscosity, sometimes called apparent viscosity or effective viscosity, can always be computed as:

Alternately, the viscosity can be computed in terms of an overall instrument constant K, which can be
defined for a particular combination of rotor, bob and torsion spring.

= Kf N
A wide range of shear rates is made possible through selective gearing and by interchangeable rotors
and bobs of various diameters. The instrument may be operated with open end rotor sleeves, which
permit a gentle recirculation of material through the annulus, thereby minimizing settling of heavy
particles. Optional closed end rotor cups are available for testing of smaller sample volumes.
The torsion springs are designed for ease of interchangeability, which permits the shear stress range of
the instrument and, hence, the viscosity measuring range to be optimized for a given testing problem.

Model 35 Viscometer
Fann Model 35 Viscometers are versatile instruments for research or production use. They can be used
wherever a regulated-frequency power source is available. The Model 35 Viscometer is widely known
as the Standard of the Industry for drilling fluid viscosity measurements.
In the six-speed models, test speeds of 600, 300, 200, 100, 6 and 3 rpm are available via synchronous
motor driving through precision gearing. Any test speed can be selected without stopping rotation. The
shear stress is displayed continuously on the calibrated scale, so that time-dependent viscosity
characteristics can be observed as a function of time. The Model 35A is powered by a 60-Hz motor;
Model 35SA by a 50-Hz motor.
Twelve total test speeds let you measure over an extended shear-rate range. Test speeds of 600, 300,
200, 180, 100, 90, 60, 30, 6, 3, 1.8 and 0.9 rpm are available via a synchronous motor driving through
an SR12 gear box and then through the precision gearing, as defined for Model 35. The additional 10:3
speed reduction is selectable through a two-position gear-shift lever. The SR12 gear box can be
retrofitted to Model 35 Viscometers.

The Original Testing Equipment Company

Measuring Range for Model 35 Viscometers


ROTOR-BOB
BASIC DATA
Rotor Radius, Ro, cm
Bob Radius, Rj, cm
Bob Height, L, cm
Shear Gap, in Annulus, cm
Radii Ratio, Rj / Ro
Maximum Use Temperature, oC
Minimum Use Temperature, oC
Overall Instrument Constant, K
Standard F1 Torsion Spring
= Kf/N
SHEAR STRESS RANGE
Shear Stress Constant for Effective
Bob Surface k2, cm-3
Shear Stress Range, dynes/cm2 = k1k2
F 0.2 = 1o
F 0.2 = 300o
F 0.5 = 1o
F 0.5 = 300o
F1 = 1o
F1 = 300o
F2 = 1o
F2 = 300o
F3 = 1o
F3 = 300o
F4 = 1o
F4 = 300o
F5 = 1o
F5 = 300o
F10 = 1o
F10 = 300o
SHEAR RATE RANGE
Shear Rate Constant k3, sec-1 per rpm
Shear Rate range, sec-1 = k3N
N = 0.9 rpm
N = 1.8 rpm
N = 3 rpm
N = 6 rpm
N = 30 rpm
N = 60 rpm
N = 90 rpm
N = 100 rpm
N = 180 rpm
N = 200 rpm
N = 300 rpm
N = 600 rpm
VISCOSITY RANGE IN CENTIPOISE(1)
Minimum Viscosity(2)
All models, 600 rpm maximum
Maximum Viscosity(4)
Model 35A & 35SA, 3 rpm min.
Model 35A/SR 12 & 35SA/SR 12, 0.9 rpm min.

R1 B1

R2 B1

R3 B1

R1 B2

R1 B3

R1 B4

1.8415
1.7245
3.800
0.1170
0.9365
93
0
300.0

1.7588
1.7245
3.800
0.0343
0.9805
93
0
94.18

2.5866
1.7245
3.800
0.8261
0.667
93
0
1355

1.8415
1.2276
3.800
0.6139
0.666
93
0
2672

1.8415
0.8622
3.800
0.9793
0.468
93
0
7620

1.8415
0.8622
1.900
0.9793
0.468
93
0
15,200

0.01323

0.01323

0.01323

0.0261

0.0529

0.106

1.02
307
2.56
766
5.11
1533
10.22
3066
15.3
4600
20.4
6132
25.6
7665
51.1
15330

1.02
307
2.56
766
5.11
1533
10.22
3066
15.3
4600
20.4
6132
25.6
7665
51.1
15330

1.02
307
2.56
766
5.11
1533
10.22
3066
15.3
4600
20.4
6132
25.6
7665
51.1
15330

2.01
605
5.04
1510
10.1
3022
20.1
6044
30.2
9067
40.3
12,090
50.4
15,100
100.7
30,200

4.1
1225
10.2
3060
20.4
6125
40.8
12,250
61.3
18,400
81.7
24,500
102
30,600
204
61,200

8.2
2450
20.4
6140
40.9
12,300
81.8
24,500
123
36,800
164
49,100
205
61,400
409
123,000

1.7023

5.4225

0.377

0.377

0.268

0.268

1.5
3.1
5.1
10.2
51.1
102
153
170
306
340
511
1021

4.9
9.8
16.3
32.5
163
325
488
542
976
1084
1627
3254

0.4
0.7
1.1
2.3
11.3
22.6
33.9
37.7
67.9
75.4
113
226

0.4
0.7
1.1
2.3
11.3
22.6
33.9
37.7
67.9
75.4
113
226

0.24
0.48
0.80
1.61
8.0
16.1
24.1
26.8
48.2
53.6
80.4
161

0.24
0.48
0.80
1.61
8.0
16.1
24.1
26.8
48.2
53.6
80.4
161

0.5(3)

0.5(3)

2.3

4.5

12.7

25

30,000
100,000

9,400
31,400

135,000
400,000

270,000
890,000

762,000
2,550,000

1,500,000
5,000,000

2.

Viscosity Computation
Viscosity can be computed in several ways:
1.

where K1 is the torsion constant in dyne


cm/degree deflection
k2 is the shear stress constant for the
effective bob surface, cm3
k3 is the shear rate constant, sec-1 per
rpm
100 is a conversion factor
1 poise = 100 cP

will be in centipoise

In terms of an overall instrument constant

= Kf N
where K is the overall instrument constant

dyne sec

cm2
f

N
h

In terms of three instrument constants for


torsion spring, bob surface, and shear gap.
k1k2

= k (100) N
3

rpm

degrees deflection

is the torsion spring


is the Fann Viscometer reading
is the rate of revolution of the outer
cylinder
will be in centipoise

3.

In terms of shear stress divided by shear rate

where is the shear stress in dynes/cm2


= k1k2
=shear rate in sec-1
= k3N
will be in poise
1 poise = 100 cP

Conversion Factors
SI Units
Shear Stress

Symbol

Unit

Pascal
1 Pascal =
1 Newton/meter2
Shear Rate
Reciprocal Second

Viscosity
Pascal Second or

Milli Pascal Second


OILFIELD UNITS (R-1 Rotor, B-1 Bob and F-1 Torsion Spring)
Shear Stress (exact)
dynes/cm2

Shear Stress (exact)


lb/100 ft2
Shear Stress (approx.)
lb/100 ft2
Shear Rate
Reciprocal Second

Viscosity
centipoise

Abbreviation

1 Pa =
10 dynes/cm2

s-1
Pa x s
mPa x s

1 s-1 (no change)


1 Pa x s = 10 poise
mPa x s = 1 cP

------1/sec
cP

1 Fann = 5.11 dynes/cm2


1 Fann = 1.065 lb/100 ft2
1 Fann 1 lb/100 ft2
1/sec = 1.7023 N (R1, B1)

5.11
= 1.70N (100) = 300 N
(R1, B1)

e = 300 N
PV = 600 - 300
YP = 300 - PV

Effective Viscosity

centipoise

cP

Plastic Viscosity
Yield Point

PV
YP

centipoise
lb/100 ft2

cP
---

Fann Instrument Company


P O Box 4350
Houston, Texas USA 77210

Conversion

Pa

Registered Trademark of Fann Instrument Company

Phone: 281-871-4482
Fax: 281-871-4358
Email: fannmail@fann.com

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