DIVISION 3 CONCRETE

SECTION 03100 CONCRETE FORMWORK

PART 1 GENERAL
1.01 SCOPE
a. Furnish materials and equipment and perform labor required to
complete all cast-in place concrete form work.
b. All work shall be done in accordance with the minimum requirements
of the AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE BUILDING CODE FOR
REINFORCED CONCRETE ACI 318-88 except as modified herein.
c. Refer to the general conditions for all pertinent provisions.
1.02 PROTECTION
a. Provide adequately braced forms that will produce correctly aligned
concrete, able to meet the specific weights and side pressure of
newly placed concrete.
b. Choose form fittings that are adequate to the purpose.
c. Exercise care in the choice of the surface forms and form fittings that
will be in contact with concrete.

PART 2 PRODUCTS
MATERIALS
Forms
1. Use the plywood, metal, or surfaced lumber forms where it will best
give the most advantage in the specific concrete work involved.
2. For the beams and columns, use not less than (12mm thick) plywood
forms for exposed concrete and 20mm T & G for covered concrete.

PART 3 EXECUTION

3.01 PREPARATION
a. Check all forms to the shape, lines and dimensions of the members as
called for in the plans.
6 3 b. Check all formwork for plumbness and correct alignment.
c. Provide openings in column forms for cleaning and inspection
preferably at lowest points of pour lifts.
d. Provide camber for cantilever and long spans or as indicated in the
construction notes.
e. Coat all forms with form oil before reinforcement is placed. Remove
all surplus oil on forms.

3.02 FORMS AND SHORING

a. Removal
Removal forms only upon approval of the Engineer in such manner
and at such time as to insure the complete safety of the structure. In
no case shall the supporting forms and shorings be removed until the
members have attained sufficient strength to support safely their
weight and load thereon.
The results of suitable control tests shall be used as evidence that the
concrete has attained sufficient strength to permit removal of
shorings and supporting forms. Cylinders required for control tests
shall be made in addition to those required by this specifications.

3.03 TOLERANCE LIMITS

a. Set and maintain concrete forms so as to insure completed work
within the following tolerance limits.
1. Variation from the plumb
In the lines and surfaces of columns, piers, walls and rises:
In 3 meters
In any storey or 6m max

6mm
10mm
II For exposed corner columns, control joints, groves and other
conspicuous lines:
In any way 6m or more
In 12m or more
6mm
12mm
6 4 2. Variation from the level or from the grades indicated on the drawings:
I. In floors (before removal of forms), ceiling beams, soffits and
rises:
In 3m 6mm
In any way or 6m max 10mm
In 12m or more 10mm
3. Variation of the linear building lines from the established position in
plan and related position of columns, walls and partitions:
In any way or 6m max 12mm
In 12m or more 25mm
4. Variation in the sizes and location of sleeves, floor openings and
in thickness of slabs and wall openings ... . 6mm
5. Variation in cross-sectional dimensions of columns and beams and in
thickness of slabs and walls:
Minus 6mm
Plus 12mm
6. Footings
I. Variation of dimensions in plan
Minus 12mm Plus 50mm
(applies to concrete only and not to reinforcing bars or dowels.)
II. Misplacements of eccentricity, 5% at the footing width in the
direction of misplacement but not to exceed 50mm (applies to

concrete only and not to reinforcing steel and dowels)

III. Reduction in thickness:
Minus 5% of specified thickness
7. Variation in steps:
I. In a flight of steps:
Rise ..
Thread
65
3mm
6mm II. In Consecutive steps:
Rise 2mm
Thread 3mm

DIVISION 3 - CONCRETE

SECTION 03160 STRUCTURAL DECKING

PART 1 GENERAL
1.01 SCOPE
a. Furnish materials and equipment and perform labor required to
complete all structural decking for all suspended slab in accordance
with the drawings.
b. All work shall be done in accordance with the minimum requirements
of the AMERICAN INSTITUTE BUILDING CODE FOR REINFORCED
CONCRETE ACI 318-88 as positive reinforcement for composite slab
and as per Manufacturer's specifications.
1.02 PROTECTION
Handling and Storage
a. Stack panels clear of the guard of the ground with a fall or drainage.
b. Protect panels with waterproof covering ensuring space is left
between the cover and panels to allow air to circulate.


c. Care must be taken when lifting long length bundles and it is
recommended that several lifting points be utilized to prevent
buckling. When removing individual sheets from bundles, they should
be lifted directly and not dragged.
d. Provide adequate protection against corrosion through painting of
corrosion inhibiting coats such as epoxy polyurethane type.

PART 2 PRODUCTS
MATERIALS
The decking shall be cold formed section manufactured from high
strength hot dipped zinc galvanized steel of 0.75mm thickness in
accordance with ASTM A446 Grade E and ASTM A525 G90. The base
steel shall have a minimum yield stress of 550 Mpa and minimum
coating mass of 275 gsm.
- 0.75mm thick CONDECK Panels by Construction Decking System
International Corporation or equivalent. In case of other systems,
submit technical literature and sample to the Engineer for review and
6 7 appropriate design modification.

PART 3 EXECUTION
3.01 INSTALLATION
Cutting and Openings
Structural decking can be cut using a power saw with suitable disk. When
cutting, the panels should be turned over with the ribs downward. If holes or
openings are required, these are classified as follows:
a. Less than 250mm (measured at right angles) requires no special
treatment. These holes or openings are usually for passage of other
trades or alternately they can be formed prior to the concrete pour,

and once the concrete has attained 70% of its design strength, the
panel can then be cut out by a hole saw or drill.
b. For openings of 250-750mm the decking can be reinforced prior to
the concrete pour by using reinforcing bars or small channels, welded
to the panel around the perimeter of the opening; this distributes the
loads to the adjoining panels.
c. For large predetermined openings greater than 750mm, such as for
stairs, elevators, etc., the most practical method generally is to supply
supplemental framing to the support system for the structural
decking.
Fixings
Deckings shall be accurately aligned, side laps fully lapped and the gap
between the abutting ends kept to a minimum. Panels should be aligned
over the support ensuring a minimum end bearing of 50mm by sliding them
into place with adjacent panels hard up against the precious one and the rib
overlapping the adjacent panel's rib. After panels have been placed over the
supports, they should be secured immediately against wind lift. Where
panels are acting as a work platform, care should be taken not to overload
panel after they have been erected. Heavy points should be distributed by
means of timber planking. Fix panels by use of nail directly to beam
formwork.
Propping
One or two lines of temporary props may be required in accordance with
manufacturer's recommendation or as shown in the drawings. Propping shall
consist of timber supported by a line of props adjusted to prevent settlement
during the concrete placement and curing. The propping must be designed
to support the weight of wet concrete plus a temporary construction load.
6 8 Provide caneite or similar materials between the props and panels to reduce
the effect of propping line since the exposed soffit will be used as ceiling.
Propping may be erected before or after the installation of the decking and

should be left until the concrete has reached sufficient strength of at least
70% of its design strength.
Side Lap Joints
Side lap shall be fastened by 16mmXgalO Hex head self drilling and tapping
screws which can be placed either through the side or through the top of the
ribs at quarter points of the span.
3.02 Negative and Secondary Reinforcements
Negative and secondary reinforcements shall be provided in accordance with
the drawings. Sufficient tied lap splices shall be provided in both direction.
3.03 Inspection
No concreting shall begin until lapping, reinforcement placement and
connectors have been inspected and approved by the Engineer.
3.04 Concrete Placing
Decking panels must be clear of grease, oil and dirt. The concrete should be
placed continuously and if the placing is interrupted, the construction joints
should be provided by stop boards located over supporting beams. The
concrete should be placed in accordance with Section 03300 of this
specifications. In addition, pouring shall be done parallel to the panels, this
is very important!

SECTION 03200 CONCRETE REINFORCEMENT

PART 1 GENERAL
1.01 SCOPE
a. Furnish materials and equipment and perform labor required to
complete
steel reinforcing bars
bars supports and

miscellaneous reinforcement accessories

b. All pertinent provisions of the General Conditions form part of this
section.
1.02 PROTECTION AND STORAGE
Protect steel reinforcement adequately from rusting and store under cover.
1.03 TESTING
Test shall conform to ASTM Designation of specified materials.

PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.01 MATERIALS
a. Steel Bars
1. Shall be new and free from rust, oil, grease, defects or kinks.
2. Shall conform to the latest edition of ASTM Designation A615
Specification for Deformed Billet Steel Bars for Concrete
Reinforcement. Minimum yield strength shall be 275 Mpa for
main bars including column ties, slab rebars and 230 Mpa for
beam stirrups of 10mm dia. and lower.

PART 3 EXECUTION
3.01 PREPARATION
a. Before placing reinforcement and before pouring of concrete, remove
all loose rust, mill scale, oil, or other adhering materials which tend to
reduce or destroy bond between concrete and reinforcement.
b. All bars shall be bent cold. Bends for stirrups and ties shall shall be
made around pins with & diameter of at least twice the thickness of
7 0 the bars; for bars 25mm and smaller, six times the thickness; for

larger bars, eight times the thickness.

3.02 PLACING REINFORCEMENT
a. Metal Reinforcement
1. Placing shall be in accordance with the plans furnished. Refer
to the Engineer in case of doubt in placing of steel.
2. Reinforcing bars shall be accurately placed and adequately
secured with concrete metal wires, or metal chair spacers.
3. Wire mesh reinforcement where shown in slabs shall be
secured in position by spacer bars and chairs. Spacer bars shall
be lapped not less than 125mm. In slabs on ground, precast
concrete blocks may be substituted for chairs.
b. Bar Spacing
1. Spacing of bars shall be done in accordance with the ACI Building Code or as follows:
Clear distance between parallel bars shall be one and one half
(1 Vi) times the diameter of the bars.
2. Clear distance shall not be less than 11/3 times the maximum
size of aggregate, nor less than 25mm.
3. Where bars are used in two or more layers, the bars in the
upper layers shall be placed directly above those in the lower
layers at a clear distance of not less than 25mm.
3.03 OFFSET AND SPLICE REINFORCEMENT
a. Splices
1. Generally, avoid splices in slabs, beams and girders at points of
maximum stress. Splices may be allowed only as shown or
noted in the plans.
2. Splices in adjacent bars shall be staggered a minimum
distance of forty (40) bar diameters.
b. Offsets
Where changes in cross section of columns occurs, longitudinal bars

shall be offset in a region where lateral support is afforded.

7 1 Where offset, the slope of the included portion shall not be more
than one on six (1:6) and in case of tied columns, the ties shall be
spaced 75mm on center for a distance of 300mm below and above
the point of offset.

SECTION 03300 CAST-IN PLACE CONCRETE

PART 1 GENERAL
1.01 SCOPE
a. Furnish material and equipment and perform labor required to
complete
proportioning
mixing
placement
curing and
finishing of concrete
b. All pertinent provisions of the General Conditions form part of this
section.

1.02 PROTECTION & STORAGE

a. Cement - Store dry, watertight, properly ventilated structure.
b. Aggregate - prevent from inclusion of foreign matter. Maintain
storage piles in a manner that will afford good drainage. Prevent
segregation of particle size.
1.03 DESIGN STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
All strength of concrete shall be at least 24 Mpa for slabs, stairs, beams,
columns, tie beams, and footings, and 21 Mpa for slab on fill, and 10 Mpa for
temporary encasement of dowel bars for all roof/floor/tie beams towards
phase 2 area, or as indicated on the Construction Notes.

1.04 TESTING AND ACCEPTANCE

Testing and acceptance shall conform to applicable sections of ACI 318-88
and as specified below.

PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.01 MATERIALS
a. Cement
Use only one brand of cement throughout. Portland cement shall
conform to the Standard Specifications for Portland Cement
(ASTM Designation C-150-latest revision) for type 1 Portland Cement.
7 3 b. Concrete Aggregates
1. Use well graded, clean hard particles or gravel or crushed rock
conforming to the "STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR
CONCRETE AGGREGATES" (ASTM Designation C-33 latest
revision).
2. Maximum size of aggregate shall not be larger than 1/5 of the
narrowest dimension between sides of the forms nor larger
than 3/4 of the maximum clear spacing between reinforcing
bars, and in no case larger than 33mm in diameter. Refer to
Construction Notes.
c. Water
Use water that is clean and free from injurious amounts of oils, acids,
alkali, organic materials or other deleterious substances.
d. Concrete Additives
Additives shall subject to approval of the Engineer. Submit technical
specifications of the proposed additives.
2.02 METHOD OF DETERMINING CONCRETE STRENGTH AND PROPORTIONS
a. Submit mix designs obtained from samples made in accordance with
"STANDARD METHOD OF MAKING AND CURING CONCRETE
COMPRESSION AND FLEXURE SPECIMENS" (ASTM Designation C192)

and "STANDARD METHOD OF TEST COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF

MOLDED CONCRETE CYLINDERS" (ASTM Designation C-39) for each
strength required stating the proposed slump and the proportional
weights of cement, saturated surface dry aggregates, and water.
These mixes shall be proved by preliminary tests sufficient time
before concreting and shall show a 28 day strength of 15 percent
higher than the ultimate required. No substitution shall be made in
the materials or mix without additional tests to show that the quality
of concrete is satisfactory.
2.03 CONCRETE PROPORTIONS AND ACCURACY
a. Cement and Aggregates
Make proportions so as to produce a concrete mixture which work
readily into the corners and angles of the forms and around
reinforcement with the method of placing materials to avoid
segregation or accumulation of excess free water on the surface.
7 4 b. Measurement
1. Measure concrete materials such that the proportions can be
accurately controlled and easily checked at any time during
work.
2. Conform measurement of materials for ready mixed concrete
to STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS FOR READY-MIXED CONCRETE.
ASTM Designation C-94, where applicable.
3. Never exceed the water content by 6 U.S gallons per bag of
cement for all portions in the structure. Allow the job mix
adjustment of water content only on permission of the
Architect provided that cement is also added to keep the
original water-cement ratio of the design mix. Limit slumps to
the following:
Portion of Structures Slump (mm)
Columns, beams, slabs 75-150

Foundation elements, bedded 50-125

slabs and cantilevered beams
and slabs.
2.04 MIXING CONCRETE
a. No hand mixing shall be allowed except in case of emergency such as
mixer breakdown during pouring operations and shall stop at first
allowed construction joint. All concrete shall be machine mixed for at
least 1 >2 minutes after all materials including water are in the drum.
b. Let the mixer be of an approved size and type which will insure a
uniform distribution of material throughout the mass. Equip it with a
DEVICE FOR ACCURATELY MEASURING AND CONTROLLING THE
AMOUNT OF MIXING WATER IN EACH BATCH.
c. Place the materials in mixer in such a way that first batch of concrete
materials shall contain sufficient excess of cement, sand, and water to
coat the inside of the drum without reducing the cement content of
the mix to be discharged.
d. Never permit retempering of concrete.

PART 3 EXECUTION
3.01 PREPARATION
a. Inspect and clean all forms and check all installations before placing
7 5 concrete.
b. Wet surfaces thoroughly and grout before placing concrete.
c. Clean all laitance from previous pouring and possibly aggregates
before renewing pouring.
3.02 DEPOSITING CONCRETE
a. Do depositing without segregation, rehandling or flowing of concrete.
Do it with the use of buggies, buckets, or wheelbarrows. Never allow
use of chutes except to transfer concrete from hoppers to buggies,
wheelbarrows or buckets in which case shall not exceed 6m in
aggregate length.

b. In placing concrete, never let it drop freely for a height exceeding

1.5m.
c. Keep conveyors full of concrete and keep ends buried in the newly
placed concrete as pouring progresses.
d. Never allow placing of concrete without vibrators. Avoid segregation
due to over vibration.
e. Construction Joints
1. If possible, do concreting continuously, until section is
complete. When stoppage of concrete operations occur, place
construction joints either horizontally or vertically as indicated
by the Engineer and be provided with shear keys or dowels to
develop bond.
2. Consult drawings and/or Engineer as to details of construction
joints.
3.03 CURING CONCRETE
a. Finished Surface
1. Keep concrete continuously wet or moist for at least one week
after placing.
2. Begin curing as soon as concrete has attained initial set.
3. Spray floors and vertical surface with an approved curing
compound.
b. Use curing additives for a minimum of 48 hours.
7 6 3.04 REPAIR OF CONCRETE
a. Imperfections
1. Complete repair within 24 hours after removal of forms.
2. Remove fins neatly from exposed surfaces.
3. Removed damaged or honeycombed concrete and replace
with drypack, rich mortar or concrete with pea gravel to
produce a sound one.
b. Large Bulges

Remove large bulges and abrupt irregularities by bush hammering

and grinding.
c. Drypack Filling
1. Use for holes having at least one surface dimension less than
the depth of the hole.
2. Fill with drypack holes left by the removal of fasteners from
the ends of tie rods; for grout and pipe recess; and for narrow
slots cut for repair of cracks.
3. Never use drypack for filling behind reinforcement and for
filling holes that extend completely through the concrete.
d. Use mortar filling placed under impact of mortar gun as drypack
filling for holes to shallow for concrete filling and these holes should
be no deeper that the far side of the reinforcement nearest the
surface.
e. Concrete filling shall be used for: holes extending entirely through the
concrete for holes which are greater in the are than 1,000 square
centimeter and deeper than 10 centimeter and for holes in reinforced
concrete which are greater in area than 500 square centimeters and
which extend beyond reinforcement.
f. All materials, procedures and operations used in the repair of
concrete shall be as directed.
g. Fillings shall be bonded tightly to the surfaces of the holes and shall
be sound and free from shrinkage, cracks and dummy areas, after the
fillings have been cured and dried.
7 7 3.05 FLOOR FINISHES
Prepare slabs suitable in surface and elevation to receive finishes. Consult
Division 9 for finishes and its application.
3.06 TEST OF CONCRETE
A number of tests on concrete is required during the progress of the work. At
least four cylindrical specimens shall be made for each test of which two

shall be reserved for the 28-day test. At least one test shall be made for each
day's concreting. Samples shall be secured and molded in accordance with
ASTM Specification C172 and C31.
The average strength of test samples representing each class of concrete
shall be equal to or greater than the specified strength and not more than
one test in ten shall have an average value less than 90% of the specified
strength.

TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES