Pandey sushma in his work in his work has discussed that domestic violence is a socio

psychological phenomenon, which is increasing at epidemic rate throughout the world and has
challenged the very existence of human race in general and female population in particular over
the last few decades, issues related to domestic violence have received widespread attention in
public and professionals understanding. It is now realized that violence against women is
epidemic in our society since antiquity and is gradually threatening the very existence of women
community in particular and humanity in general. The domestic violence is conceptualized as,
one intimate partners (spouse) attempt to control, dominate and humiliate the other partner
through a variety of means viz physical, sexual psychological, economic and spiritual abuse.
Domestic violence goes beyond individual act of aggression to encompass an overall pattern of
behavior aimed at maintain full control over the partner

The author father

discussed that domestic violence is a worldwide phenomenon and is also epidemic in Indian
society. Crime or violence against women has been recognized as one of the major social
indicators in India. At the same time, there is a dearth of information on the magnitude and
patterns of domestic violence in India, particularly by way of community based data.
The national crime record bureau reveal a shocking 71.5 percent increase in cases of
torture and dowry deaths during the period of rum 1991-1995 may reflect increased reporting of
violence . The author father said that the despite this, without understanding the causative roots
of domestic violence and its consequences on children and family, preventive efforts cant be
made successfully.
Pandey sushma (2008)Psycho-social aspects of domestic violence New Delhi concept
publishing company.

Dr Dabla Bashir Ahmad in his book Domestic violence has discussed that the phenomenon of
domestic violence against women has been seen in developing as well as developed societies
studies revealed that practices of domestic violence against women reflect extreme form of
gender discrimination, its causation can be explained in terms of multi-farious factors. It
represents a dehumanized, degenerated and cruel practice in order to domestic and discriminate
women by men by force.
The author discussed that the domestic violence against women composes of all acts
which hurt the women physically and mentally. Thus it reflects in all practices related to wife
beating, harassment of women, denial of basic right and needs to women, demand of dowry,
grabbing of working womens money, threat of divorce to wives, eve-teasing of girls, sexual
exploitation psychological torture, demial of due property rights abuse of women by in law
families, attempt to kill women in these families, bride burning and rape of women.
The author further give suggestions that it has been generally observed that all practices
related to violence against women may not be controlled wholly or negated completely with the
formulation and application of the relevant social legislation only. Legal and social efforts at
various levels jointly may lead to the resolution of the problems created by these practices. The
role of courts stands crucial in the resolution of the problem related to violence against women.
The practices of torture and harassment of women at the hands of in-laws family members have
to be stopped forcefully by social action, judicial action or police action. The print and electronic
media has emerged most effective in the modern times, it must be used to change the traditional
views and stero-type notions about women. Though this seems a difficult task, it has to be done
necessarily.
Dr. Dabla Bashir Ahmad (2009) Domestic violence against women in the Kashmir valley

Ahuja Ram in his book violence against women women in Indian society have been victims of
ill-treatment, humiliation, torture and exploitation. There is no women who has not suffered at
one time or another the harassment, humiliation, exploitation and violence that shadows her sex.
There are various forms of violence sexual violence, kidnapping and abduction, dowry deaths
murder, wife-battering, and other specific forms of violence like torture, molestation etc.
The author further discussed the objectives of violence against women as; to convey the
seriousness of the problem in society for law-enforcement officers and policy-planners,
emphasizing that the crucial problem cant be ignored, to examine the prevalent theoretical
explanations in the field of criminology and assess whether violence against women could be
scientifically explained by any of these theories, to provide a sense of complexity of the problem.
Main objectives o the research were:

To examine the types of women against whom violence is used.

To analyze the individual and social characteristics of the male perpetrator of violence

against women.
To identify the causes of different categories of violence against women.
To study the pattern of adjustment after shocking incident.
Universe and sample

The empirical study was initially conducted in four cities, of Rajasthan viz; Jaipur, Ajmer, Kota
and Udaipur in 1983 and 1984
Data collected form victims, there family members, kin, neighbors and friends. Most of the data
in the police records was either inadequate or inaccessible. Also on the police level, those who
investigate complaints carry with them biases towards certain kinds of behavior patterns as well
as certain types of criminals and victims.
Ahuja Ram violence against women (2009) New Delhi Rawat publications.

Pruthi Raj Kumar, Pruthi Romila and Devi Rameshwari in his book women in India have
discussed that women of today are facing intolerable oppression in every form and in every field.
Women, in the name of religious and other socio-cultural practices, have been denied
opportunities of growth, especially in India. To think that equality of the sexes has been achieved
is an illusion. Social reform has always been considered the key to intellectual processes that
went into the making of a free and modern India. Women in India have, in their own gentle but
firm way, contributed immensely to the enrichment of their country.
These authors has discussed in great detail that women must not be ill treated, they
should be accorded the dignity they deserve, because they are the custodians of the family. The
status of Indian women has been studied with a historical perspective providing the reader with a
comparative analysis of their position in different eras. Education of women, occupies top
priority amongst various measures taken to improve the status of women in India. Every
educational institutions today must undergo a process of self assessment and self evaluation.
Demand for womens education has been part of the movement for raising the status of women
in society. Education has been felt to be the most effective weapon for changing the status of
women and also for implementing social change.
Education has normally been viewed as an agency helping economic production, it is also
said to provide instructions in suitable skills for a general division of labour. The educational
system must, therefore, be geared to meet all these needs. The role of women in new India has
yet to be defined particularly where she should play a new role in the family, community and
national context. During the last twenty-five years there has been a substantial growth in
womens institutions. Statistical projections into the future suggest that by 1981 the number of
women educated to the maximum level of matriculation in the age group 15-59 years, will rise to
9.8 millions. The number of women in the labour force, in the same age group and of the same
educational level will be 3.2 millions. Thus there will be 6.6 million educated women who will
not belong to the work force.
Pruthi Romila, Pruthi Raj Kamar, Devi Rameshwari (1994) women in society Jaipur, Mangal
Deep publications.

Pruthi Raj Sharma Rami Bela in this work has discussed that for centuries, women in India have
been deliberately denied in the name of religion and ancient social-cultural practices. The role
and status of women in society can be understood within the cultural content by the operations of
various historical, political, economic and educational factors moulding the society within the
framework of time and space. To be sure, the situation of women was bleak all round. At the
personal social plane, women were victim of widespread feeble-health, illiteracy, violence,
dowry. At the social-political plane, women suffered from the denied of freedom even in their
own homes repression in some direction and unnatural indoctrination in other, unequal and
inferior status everywhere.
The author have discussed in great detail that education has been identified as the major
instrument for raising the status of women. Education is not available to all equally. There is
widespread illiteracy among women and great disparity between male and female literacy rate.
Education is a major instrument for raising womens status with the acceptance of gender
equality the principle of equality of access to education for men and women was accepted.
The status of women is closely linked with their economic position. Traditionally men
have defined problems of society in terms of male concerns and on the basis of androcentric
biases. Hence, for long, womens concerns and, problem could not be considered worthy for
study, for it was not considered of vital importance to the well-being of mankind.
In past two decades, some spectular development took place at the international and
national levels that gave a convulsive turn to the attitude of society towards women and womens
perception of their own situation that had prevailed for centuries.
Pruthi Raj, Sharma Bela Rani (1997) trends in women studies New Delhi, Anmol publications.

Jayapalam in this work has discussed that woman studies has become a thought provoking
challenge all over. The women were degraded to a very lower status after 300 B.C. During this
period, womens rights were strictly subjected to restrictions. Women studies are of great
importance at present world and cover a vast area. All the civilized societies and nations are
better understood with women studies.
The author evaluates the status and role of women, feminist theories, movement for
women in the 19th and 20th centuries. Womens studies begins with three corned effect viz,
women studies as understanding, as awareness and as action. Its main purpose is to promote the
interests of women, who are oppressed. Feminism in India means the influence of women on
India.
The author have discussed that today women have to face many challenges in the society
that too in a growing and fast developing society. One among them is violence. Violence against
women is not a new or recent phenomenon. Women have been the victim of violence all through
the ages in all societies.
Jayapalam N (2008) women studies new Delhi, Atlantic publishers

Chatterjee M in his book discussed that women who have been physically abused in the home by
the men with whom they live, the past two decades have been both radical change and no change
at all. The lives of some have been touched by an ever expanding, worldwide movement to
support women who have been battered and to challenge male violence. Some legal and social
institutions have began to respond, while others remain in a nexus of traditional tolerance of
male violence and indifference to those who suffer from such violence. Few studies have been
made of gender based violence, partly because of the lack of accurate definitions, but also
because it is so seldom reported to authorities women have many reasons for not reporting
incidents of violence. Legal authorities often do not take appropriate action. Many women do not
know their legal rights. Women have good reason to fear that they will be victimized again,
either by insensitive, accusatory questions or by actual assault.
The author further discussed that it is estimated that more than 60 percent of rape victims
know their attackers. Increasingly, women who have been abused come forward for support in
directly challenging the violence or organizing their escape from it. Violence against women
permeates our society at every level and in every setting. Murder, rape, incest, intimidation,
pornography, workplace harassment, women are routinely and continuously victimized by these
crimes because of the general belief, built into the very roots of our patriarchal society that
women are the proper targets of male violence.
Chatterjee.M (2006) violence against women jaipur aavishkar publishers, distributors.

Rehman in this work has discussed that women in present day have become aware of their rights
and their potential and are proving themselves in various fields. They are also making organized
efforts to demand their rights and a dignified place in society. In last decades women issues have
come to the force and being taken seriously by various governments. In India there was a
reawakening among the feminists in the 70s when it became clear that in independent India
women were far from enjoying an equal status that was promised in the constitution. Instead
there was a deterioration in their position in many areas. Since then efforts have been intensified,
both by government and voluntary organizations, to solve womens problems and improve their
status. Many schemes for their development were introduced. Efforts are also involve them in the
development process.
Rahman Zainab (2005) women and society. New Delhi kalpaz