oEndocrine glands are

nDuctless glands that secrete hormones to regulate metabolic

functions
nTheir function is to work in conjunction with the nervous system to
control body activities
oExamples
nPituitary, adrenal, thyroid, pancreas
oEndocrine system is a slow acting regulatory system that uses
hormones as chemical messenger
oNervous system is a quick acting regulatory system that uses
neurotransmittors as chemical messenger
oAre chemical messengers that may stimulate or inhibit actions
oAmounts:
nHypersecretion is too much hormone
nHyposecretion is too little hormone
oHormones have no effect until they reach their target organs
oExocrine glands ducted gland that delivers secretions to target site
via ducts; effects are produced in regions of glands
oExamples:
nSweat
nSalivary
nsebaceous
What do hormones need in order to work?
oReceptor site on target cell
compare nonsteroid hormones to steroid hormones
oNonsteroid hormones
oMade of peptides (amino acids)
oBind to receptor molecule on outside of target cell membrane (causes
change)
oBiochemical changes occur inside cell
oCalled 1st messenger because it travels from gland to target organ
o1st messenger releases AMP (2nd messenger)
oAMP activates enzymes that change cells activities
oSteroid hormones
oHormones made of lipids
oCause changes in target cells by interacting with structures inside
cells
oSmall and can easily pass through membrane

nCan enter almost any cell of the body

oAffect only cells with appropriate receptor molecules
oCause change by gene regulation, causing section of DNA to turn on
oPositive feedback
Response results in increase production of hormone
Increase body temp increase temp
Increase blood sugar levels increase release of insulin
oNegative feedback
nResponse results in decrease or cessation of production of hormone
nInsulin causes blood sugar to reach desired level then production of
insulin stops
Describe how feedback mechanisms control blood sugar
oEat a meal increase blood sugar level
oIncreased blood sugar level causes pancreas to secrete insulin
oInsulin causes decrease in blood sugar stop release of insulin

Exocrine

Exocrine system: The exocrine system is a term that is sometimes used

to refer to the large variety of exocrine glands and their functions in the
human body. The exocrine system produces and excretes many different
types of secretions through ducts. These secretions flow to the surface of
the body or to the lining of a hollow structure in the body. The exocrine
secretions are involved in many important functions, such as sweating,
digestion and lubricating the eyes. There are many types of exocrine
glands in the exocrine system. Examples include the salivary glands, liver,
stomach, prostate, lacrimal glands, pancreas, sweat glands, sebaceous
glands, and mammary glands.