Professional Documents
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1 Structural
1.Structural
1.
S
lD
Dynamics:
i
Th
Theory and
dC
Computation
i b
by Mario
M i P
Paz, 5th
Edition
2.Dynamics
2.
Dynamics of Structures
Structures:: Theory and Applications to Earthquake
Engineering, Anil K Chopra 4th Edition
Edition..
3.Dynamics
3.
Dynamics of Structures, R. W. Clough and J. Penzien.
Penzien.
4 Dynamics of Structures,
4.Dynamics
4.
Structures J. L. Humar,
Humar 2nd Edition
5.Concrete
5.
Concrete Structures Part I (Chapter 10
10:: Lateral Loads ) by Zahid
Ahmad Siddiqi
STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS
Conventional structural analysis considers the external
forces or joint displacements to be static and resisted only
by the stiffness of the structure
structure.. Therefore,
Therefore the resulting
displacements and forces resulting from structural analysis
do not vary with time
time..
Earthquake forces,
forces machinery vibrations and blast
loadings are examples of dynamic forces
forces..
Periodic Loading
Non-Periodic Loading
Periodic loading is the loading that repeats itself after equal intervals of
time.
12
13
Forced Vibration.
Vibration.
If a system
t
i subjected
is
bj t d to
t an external
t
l force
f
( ft
(often,
a
dynamic force), the resulting vibration is known as forced
vibration. The oscillation that arises in machines such as
vibration.
diesel engines is an example of forced vibration.
vibration.
Vibrating Systems
The vibration of a system involves the transfer of its potential energy
to kinetic energy and of kinetic energy to potential energy, alternately
alternately..
If the system is damped, some energy is dissipated in each cycle of
vibration
ib ti
and
d mustt be
b replaced
l
d by
b an external
t
l source if a state
t t off
steady vibration is to be maintained
maintained..
Idealization of the Building Frame Multistory Building and Equivalent Spring Mass Models
The two harmonic motions are called synchronous because they have
the same frequency or angular velocity, Two synchronous oscillations
need not have the same amplitude, and they need not attain their
maximum values at the same time
time.. In this figure, the second vector OP2
leads the first one OP1 by an angle known as the phase angle
angle.. This
means that the maximum of the second vector would occur radians
earlier than that of the first vector.
vector.
k
c
P(t)
Mass element ,m
Spring element ,k
k
D h
Dashpot,
c
- representing
i the
h ffrictional
i i
l characteristics
h
i i
and energy losses of the structure