Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BY:-DNYANESHWAR GAVHANE
2
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
3
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
4
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
5
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
Linear Characteristics.
Flow Capacity increases linearly with valve (stem) travel. In
which the valve differential pressure drop is Constant over the
travel range.
Linear valve plug shall for liquid level control and control
application requiring constant gain.
LINEAR VALVE TRAVEL IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO
THE VALVE STROKE
FOR SLOW
FLUID
TRANSFER
PROCESS
MORE THAN
40%
OF SYTEM
PRESSURE
DROP
ACROSS
VALVE
6
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
HIGH
RANGEABILITY
7
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
Cavitation.
Cavitation is condition that occurs in liquid flow where the internal
pressure of liquid at set point falls below vapour pressure and vapour
bubbles form and at downstream rises above vapour pressure again.
As this pressure recovers so that bubbles collapse and cavitation take
place.
It is possible to predict where cavitation will occur by looking pressure
condition and valve recovery factor.( sigma Method )
Cavitation sounds like stone passing through the valve.
P
Bubble form
Bubble collapse
Vena Contracta
9
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
Effect of Cavitation.
10
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
Flashing.
Flashing is condition that occurs with liquid flow where the Pressure fails
below it . There are then two phases flowing ( i.e. Liquid and vapour )
down stream.
Several damage can occur inside a valve due to erosion caused by the
impact of liquid droplet traveling at high speed.
P1
Pv
Bubble form
P2
Bubble continue
down stream
Vena Contracta
11
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
Effect of Flashing.
12
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
P2
V 1(Liquid)
Pv
V2
(Liquid)
13
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
14
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
PROJECT:-
CONTRACT NO:-
DOCUMENT
NAME:-
SHEET NO:-
1 OF 1
TAG
GENE
2 RAL SERVICE
3 DATA LINE NO. / PID NO.
FLUID
UNIT
MAX FLOW
NORM FLOW
MIN FLOW
SHUT-OFF
FLOW RATE
m3/h
5166
1847
525.3
INLET PRESSURE
psi(g)
0.0568
0.093
0.0975
15 bar(g)
OUTLET PRESSURE
psi(g)
0.037
0.0087
0.00234
INLET TEMPERATURE
Degree C
50
50
50
SERVI
CE SPEC WT/DENSITY/ MOL WT
CONDI
11 TION VISCOSITY /SPEC HEAT RATIO
12
VAPOR PRESSURE
10
13
REQUIRED CV
14
TRAVEL
15
16
SET POINT
100(Note 1)
- /kg/m3 /
kg/kmole
Cp /
inH2O
NA
NA
NA
dBA
< 85/
< 85/
< 85/
inH2O(g)
2.75
2.75
2.75
15
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
56
TYPE
OUT
57
VTS
58
SIZE / EFF.AREA
VTS
59
ON/OFF
60
20
VALVE SIZING
SPE VALVE SEAT LEAKAGE
21
C.& CLASS
CO
22
DE
23 S
24
25
TYPE
26
SIZE
27
MAX PRESS./TEMP.
28
BODY/BONNET MATERIAL
29
LINER MATERIAL / ID
HEAT CONSERVATION
(ELECTRICAL TRACING)
ISA S75.01
IV AS PER FCI 70-2
69
MAX ALLOWABLE
PRESS.
MIN REQUIRED PRESS.
AVAILABLE AIR SUPPLY
PRESSURE
kPag
BENCH RANGE
ACTUATOR
ORIENTATION
HANDWHEEL
TYPE
AIR FAILURE LOCK
RELAY
AIR BOTTLE
FLANGED
70
FIRE SAFE
71
72
61
BUTTERFLY
VTS
VTS
A105 or A216 WCB
FLOW DIRECTION
YES
35
TYPE OF BONNET
BOLTED
36
37
38
39
40
ACT
62 UAT
63 OR
64 (PNE
65 UMA
TIC)
66
67
68
30
31
IN
PTFE
VTS
VTS
VTS
INPUT SIGNAL
TYPE
EXPLOSION
73
POSI PROTECTION
TION ON INCR SIGNAL
74
ER OUTPUT INCR/DECR
75
GAUGES
Yes
76
CAM CHARACTERISTIC
77
MFR & MODEL
78 SWIT TYPE
CHE
79
MFR & MODEL
S
MODULATING
YES
CLOSE
VTS
VTS
NOR MAX DESIGN
850
900
1000
VTS
MIN
400
VTS
YES
REQD.
VTS
SET AT
Note 5
YES
4-20 mA
ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC (HART)
EExd
FIELD REVERSIBLE
BYPASS
Yes
VTS
QTY
16
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
VTS
80
CONTACTS/RATING
81
ACTUATION POINTS
41
SIZE
RATED TRAVEL
VTS
VTS
42
CHARACTERISTIC
VTS
82
BALANCED/UNBALANCED
VTS
83
MATERIAL
84
FILTER SIZE
85
SET PRESSURE
43
DIE CAST ALUMINIUM
44
RATED
CV VTS
FL
VTS
XT
VTS
< or = 25 Micron
45 TRI
M
PLUG/BALL/DISC MATERIAL
F6
46
SEAT MATERIAL
47
CAGE/GUIDE MATERIAL
AIR
INTEGRAL PRESS.
86 FILTE
GAUGE
R
50mm DIAL
VTS
87
CONNECTION
1/2"NPT
F6
88
VTS
HYDRO PRESS.
YES
48
STEM MATERIAL
49
89
50
NEC CLASS GR. DIV.
90
51
SEAT LEAKAGE TEST
SPE IEC ZONE GR. TEMP. CLASS CLASS I, ZONE 2 , GROUP IIA & T3 91
52 CIAL
S/
TEST
ACC
92
CAPACITY TEST
S
53 ESS
ORI
ES
93
54
94
YES
YES
17
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
18
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
ROTARY
MOTION
LINEAR
MOTION
Diaphragm valve
Gate valve
GLOBE VALVE
Globe
Angle
Three way
Eccentric plug
Butterfly
Ball
19
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
BALL VALVE
Control:- Quick opening
And linear.
Uses:- Fully open / closed
limited-throttling
Application:- Most liquids
High temperature, slurries
Advantage:- High capacity
Low leakage and Maint.
Tight sealing with low torque
Disadvantage:- poor
Throttling characteristics
Prone to Cavitation
DIAPHRAGM KNIFE GATE
BUTTERFLY VALVE
Control:- Linear & equal %
Uses:- Fully open / closed or
Throttling services, Frequent
Operation, Minimal fluid
Trapping in line.
Application:-Liquids, gases,
Slurries, Liquids with
suspended Solids.
Advantage :- High Capacity
Good flow control, Low Press.
Drop, Low cost and Maint.
Disadvantage:- High torque
Required for control
Prone to cavitation at lower
Flows.
20
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
21
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
22
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
23
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
24
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
26
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
27
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
28
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
Finned
Bonnet
Extension
Bonnet
Bellow Seal
Bonnet ( Enviro Seal)
Std./ plain
Bonnet
29
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
APPLICATION
INHERANT
CHARACTERISTICS
PRESSURE
LIQUIDS
GAS (LOW FLOWS )
GAS (LARGE FLOWS)
Pmax/pmin < 5
Pmax/pmin > 5
EQUAL %
EQUAL %
Temperature
EQUAL %
Flow
Load Changes
Set point change
EQUAL %
LINEAR
Level
Pmax/pmin < 5
Pmax/pmin > 5
LINEAR
EQUAL %
LINEAR
EQUAL %
30
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
PIPING INTERFACE
Instrument to provide Face to Face Dimensions, End Connection
Size & Rating, Actuator Height & Orientation, Envelope
Dimensions (for 3-D Model), Weight, etc.
Piping to provide location of control valves to Instrument for
deciding instrument air manifolds.
Piping to provide Pipe Material Specification to Instrument for
specifying the valves.
31
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
32
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
33
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
34
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
Step # 2:- Define Max. Allowable Pressure Drop For The Valve
When defining the allowable pressure drop across the valve, you should first
investigate the pump.What is its maximum available head? Remember that the
system pressure drop is limited by the pump. Essentially the Net Positive Suction
Head Available (NPSHA) minus the Net Positive Suction Head Required (NPSHR)
is the maximum available pressure drop for the valve to use and this must not be
exceeded or another pump will be needed. The usual rule of thumb is that a valve
should be designed to use 10-15% of the total pressure drop or 10 psi, whichever
is greater.
For above example step#1 system, 10% of the total pressure drop is 15 psi which
is what we'll use as our allowable pressure drop when the valve is wide open (the
pump is our system is easily capable of the additional pressure drop).
35
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
36
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
37
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
38
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
39
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
Stroke (%)
25
35
110
73
150
85
Change in (gpm)
110-25=85
73-35=38
150-110=40
85-73=12
40
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
41
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.
Any Question ?
42
Prepared
by: Gavhane D.V.