Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dr. Gann’s
Diet of Hope Institute
EMRs impracticality
MRCSA on Ebola,
other preparedness
Winter Medical Conference In Telluride Colorado
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4 SOMBRERO – December 2014
archaeologists in the Peten jungle of northeastern Guatemala,
Milestones and with U.S. government scientists to eradicate parasites in
China. He assisted medical students with case-based instruction at
the University of Arizona College of Medicine—Phoenix last year.
Arizona Chapter ACS Dr. Oscherwitz is a member of
honors Dr. Johnson the Australasian College of
Tropical Medicine, American
The Arizona Chapter, American Society for Tropical Medicine
College of Surgeons honored and Hygiene, American
Kenneth R. “Scooter” Johnson, Committee on Clinical Tropical
M.D., F.A.C.S. with its Lifetime Medicine and Traveler’s
Achievement Award during its Health, the International
Annual Scientific Meeting Nov. Society of Travel Medicine,
15-16 at the Westward Look American Society for
Resort in Tucson. Microbiology, Infectious
Disease Society of America,
The award is given for Dr. Arizona Infectious Disease
Johnson’s many years of Society, AMA, American
membership and service as an College of Physicians, and both
officer of the organization. His PCMS and ArMA.
reported standing ovation
went on for about a minute. He is one of a few hundred
individuals worldwide to hold the Certificate of Knowledge in
Dr. Johnson is a native of Clinical Tropical Medicine and Travelers’ Health issued by the
Wisconsin, where he went to American Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. He is
college and medical school. He did his surgical residencies at credentialed as an Infection Control Practitioner by the
UCLA and in Tucson. In addition to his 35 years of private practice, Certification Board of Infection Control, and is a Fellow of the
he has served as a University of Arizona Assistant Clinical Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America.
Professor of Surgery, helping to train the next generation of
medical students and surgery residents. Dr. Oscherwitz has served as a resource for British Airways and
Conde Nast Traveler. He offers expert diagnostic and treatment
He is a member of the PCMS History Committee, is particularly services to ill patients referred to him by other physicians and to
interested in local medical history and the medical history of individuals with difficult-to-diagnose problems. The majority of
American presidents, and has appeared often in these pages.
Father of four, Dr. Johnson is retired from practice
and lives in Tucson with his wife, Cathy, having
recently celebrated their 38th anniversary. Happy Holidays
Dr. Oscherwitz joins From Casa de la Luz Hospice
Specialists
Steven Oscherwitz, M.D., a specialist in
infectious fiseases, tropical medicine and
epidemiology, has joined Southern Arizona
“ Since 1998, our staff has worked
diligently to provide superior hospice
care to our community. Thank you
for allowing us to care for your loved
Infectious Disease Specialists in Tucson, ones. We wish you and your family a
practicing with six other physicians including Lisa peaceful holiday season and a
”
Valdivia, M.D. and Clifford Martin, M.D. happy new year.
Dr. Oscherwitz earned his medical degree from
the University of Texas Health Science Center at
Dallas in 1986, and then completed his IM
residency, chief residency and Infectious
Disease Fellowship at University of Texas Health
Science Center at San Antonio.
He completed the military tropical disease
course at Walter Reed Army Institute of
Research in Washington, D.C., and rotated 520.544.9890 | www.casahospice.com
with military physicians at Lackland Air Force Hospice services are paid for by Medicare
base and Wilford Hall Medical Center in San
Antonio. He has traveled as a physician for
Dr. Elliott, together with a multi-disciplinary team at UAHN, has “After receiving her bachelor’s degree in microbiology from the
created an “infection-prevention SWAT team,” developing University of Arizona, Dr. Donnelly went on to earn her M.D.
protocols and training for infection control to safely care for Pennsylvania State University. She returned to Tucson to complete
patients and to protect the well-being of staff and clinicians her residency in Family and Community Medicine at the
throughout the network. University of Arizona, and is board-certified in Family Practice.”
“Governor’s councils have been formed before—as in the council “I’m really excited about my new role here at Carondelet,” Dr.
for H1N1—and they bring together the resources of the state to Donnelly said. “It’s the best of both worlds because I get to
improve communication, training and understanding,” Dr. Elliott continue seeing patients while expanding the ways I serve my
said. “Since we are about to enter the flu season, this council is colleagues. As CMO, I have a wonderful opportunity to support
particularly important.”
our dedicated physicians working across the Network.”
According to Gov. Brewer’s office, the council “has been charged
with developing a coordinated and comprehensive plan to ensure “In addition to her full-time work as a doctor over the last
the state is prepared to manage and respond to potential decade, Dr. Donnelly also has served as Associate Clinical Faculty
outbreaks of infectious diseases, including the Ebola virus and for the University of Arizona’s College of Medicine and College of
Enterovirus, in Arizona.” Nursing, and has been a medical relief volunteer in developing
countries around the world every summer, sometimes bringing
Save that date! her children with her for the experience .”
STARonSthe The date is April 18, “We are thrilled to have Dr. Donnelly as Carondelet Medical
Group’s interim chief medical officer,” said Tawnya Tretschok,
Ca m AVENUE
bell A
p
ve
2015, and the reason is the
vice-president and executive director of physician practices at
return of Stars on the
Avenue! Carondelet. “She is highly regarded among her peers and
PRESENTED BY THE
So that’s SOTA, April, 18, patients, bringing with her a wealth of clinical and leadership
experience. She’s a great fit.”
Pima County
Medical Society
2015, 7 p.m. at St. Philip’s
Plaza, Campbell at River,
4280 N. Campbell Ave.
We will have more information
monthly as the time nears!
“We welcome him and hope you will get a chance to meet ‘Dr. “Former State Sen. Bob Burns, a machine language computer
K.’ soon!” programmer at General Electric early in his career, heard of the
Georgia program in 1993. He flew to Georgia then back to
Center for Connected Health Arizona with a video recording of what he saw, and consulted
with James Dalen, M.D., then-dean of the University of Arizona
honors Dr. Weinstein College of Medicine, about starting a telemedicine program at
the UofA. Burns energetically took on the role of legislative
Ronald S. Weinstein, M.D., champion. He co-founded the Arizona Telemedicine Program
founding director of the with Dr. Weinstein and they still manage the large, 70-community
Arizona Telemedicine Program enterprise together, 20 years later.
(ATP) at the Arizona Health
“The Arizona Telemedicine Program formally launched in 1996,
Sciences Center and one of the
following two years of planning, and began connecting UA
“fathers” of telemedicine, was
physicians to doctors and patients in Nogales, Ariz., and other
honored for “distinguished rural communities in 1997.”
service in advancing
technology-enabled care Dr. Weinstein is often called the “father of telepathology” for
delivery and help promoting “inventing, patenting and then commercializing robotic
health and wellness,” on Oct. telepathology, a technology that has benefited tens of thousands
23, at the 11th Annual of patients on five continents. He is founding director of the
Connected Health Symposium, Arizona Telemedicine Program, headquartered at the Arizona
hosted by the Center for Health Sciences Center of the UofA, and is executive director of
Connected Health, Partners the T-Health Institute at the UA College of Medicine—Phoenix.”
HealthCare, in Boston, the Among Dr. Weinstein’s honors is the Lifetime Achievement Award
university reported. of the Association for Pathology Informatics for his work leading
“The Center for Connected Health is part of Boston-based to creation of telepathology services around the globe (remote
Partners HealthCare, a non-profit integrated health system, and laboratory diagnostics). He has been president of six medical
was started in 1994 by two of the nation’s leading academic organizations, including the U.S. and Canadian Academy of
medical centers: Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Pathology, and the American Telemedicine Association. n
Anti-carb crusade
Dr. Dietmar Gann’s Diet of Hope Institute
D ietmar Gann, M.D. can’t be accused of conventionality, so
why should his retirement be any different?
At 70, and a PCMS member since 1979, Dr. Gann decided to end a
very successful cardiology career three years ago and focus full-
time on his Diet of Hope. In September the Diet of Hope Institute
opened its doors at 4892 N. Stone Ave. with Dr. Gann as medical
director and his wife, Elizabeth, as certified nutritional consultant.
Dr. Gann has long been an anti-carb crusader, including doing a
three-part series on it in these pages, and he’s well-versed in the
low-carb/low-fat discussion. The Ganns developed the Diet of
Hope to help patients lose weight, lower blood pressure, lower
cholesterol, reverse the effects of Type 2 diabetes, and reduce or
eliminate expensive medications needed to treat many obesity-
related conditions.
“I finally decided I wanted to focus on the prevention and help
patients without expensive medications and procedures,” Dr. At the new facility at 4892 N. Stone Ave., opened in September,
Gann said. “Many patients have been told that once they develop Dr. Gann’s Diet of Hope Institute now gets billing over its
diabetes, they are stuck with it. They will have to be on expensive cardiology predecessor, Tucson Heart Group. DOHI still has
drugs or insulin the rest of their lives, and it is just not true.” offices at 50 Croyden Park Rd. and 2046 N. Kolb Rd., and is also
in San Carlos, N.M.
Thinkin’ Smart
endocrinologist,” Elizabeth Gann said. “We provide regular
updates to be given to the patient’s regular physician. We don’t
want patients to stop going to their regular doctors.”
Simplify your communications with Dr. Gann encourages exercise to go along with the Diet of Hope.
Simply Bits state-of-the-art managed They practice what they preach by hiking, playing tennis regularly,
and continue to sponsor a 10K run on Cinco de Mayo with Tucson
voice and data services Heart Group.
Dr. Gann points to the Arctic Inuit and the Masai in Africa as
examples of staying healthy on a high-fat, low carb diet. Both
cultures have little or no clinical heart disease, low blood pressure
and cholesterol, and are free of cancer. The Ganns spent time
with the Masai in 2000 and sampled the diet of goat blood, milk,
and roasted meat.
The Diet of Hope is not that extreme, but it is a lifestyle change.
The Ganns have published two books on the diet. One explains
the diet itself, while the other is a cookbook with recipes to help
stay on the program. Both are available on the Diet of Hope
website dietofhope.org.
“We know it is not easy to change after getting bombarded by the
food industry and government for years,” said Dr. Gann. “It is has
become an addiction like alcohol and tobacco. We believe our
program can provide the support to help our patients get over
ROC #278632 their addiction. It is something they will have to work on the rest
of their lives, even after they leave the program.” n
10 SOMBRERO – December 2014
raising and cutting horses, obtaining his private pilot’s license,
In Memoriam making jewelry, reading, and driving his 1952 MG.”
By Stuart Faxon Dr. Collier was a member of what was then the federation of
AMA, ArMA, and PCMS. He was an adjunct instructor at the UofA
and member of the Southwest Obstetrics & Gynecology
H. Allan Collier, M.D. Association, Central Association of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
and a Fellow of the American College of Obstetrics and
1928-2014 Gynecology. He was a diplomate of the American Board of
Obstetrics and Gynecology. At PCMS he chaired our Medical
Ob-Gyn physician H. Allan Careers Committee 1967-68, and served on the Committee on
Collier, M.D., PCMS member Medical Standards. In 1973 he chaired the Perinatal Mortality
for nearly 30 years, died Oct. 3 and Morbidity Committee.
in Ohio, his family reported in
the Arizona Daily Star Oct. 15. Citing health reasons, Dr. Collier retired in 1990. In 1991 he was
He was 85. elected to the Board of Trustees of the Foundation for St. Joseph’s
Hospital. He was a member of Our Saviour’s Lutheran Church. At
Replying to a Sierra Vista the time of his death Dr. Collier had been “visiting relatives and
Community Hospital query in friends and had just attended a reunion of his high school,” the
1968, PCMS Executive Director family reported. “A faithful believer in God, Allan will be
Wesley A. Barton said Dr. remembered for his love of his family, his wonderful friendships,
Collier was “highly regarded in and his warm manner with his patients.”
the community as a person
and a practitioner.” “Allan is survived by their four children and their families: sons
Keith and Todd; daughter Kim and her husband Joe and their
Harry Allan Collier was born sons, Quinn, Caleb and Cole and son, Michael and his wife, Beth
Dec. 3, 1928 in Raceland, Ky., and their daughters, Kate and Sarah.”*
and attended Holmes High Dr. H. Allan Collier in 1984.
School in Covington. “After A celebration of Dr. Collier’s life was given Oct. 18 at The Lodge on
graduation,” the family reported, “Allan joined the U.S. Army, and the Desert. Memorial donations may be made to the Alzheimer’s
on his 18th birthday in 1946, he sailed on a troop ship into Tokyo Association, Box 96011, Washington, D.C. 20090-6011 (www.alz.org).
Bay, where he would be stationed. While in Japan, he became a *Editor’s note: The survivors information was punctuationally
paratrooper with the 11th Airborne. Allan left the army in 1948 to garbled in the newspaper. We’ve quoted it as it appeared because
go to college on the G.I. Bill.” no source was available to correct it.
He went to the University of Louisville 1948-50, and graduated
from the University of Cincinnati in 1953 with a B.S. in zoology. In
1957 he earned his M.D. at the University of Louisville School of
Remo DiCenso, M.D.
Medicine. He interned at the Navy Bureau of Medicine and
Surgery’s U.S. Naval Hospital at Portsmouth, Va. He did his Ob-
1927-2014
Dr. Remo DiCenso, psychiatrist
Gyn residency at Cincinnati General Hospital.
and PCMS member 1962-77,
Shortly after earning his bachelor’s degree, “Allan married died Nov. 4, the family
Patricia Reuthe in Cincinnati,” the family reported. “They were reported in the Nov. 7. He was
married for 57 years until Patti passed away in 2010. 86.
“Allan knew that he wanted to be a physician. He was accepted at Remo DiCenso was born Dec.
the University of Louisville’s School of Medicine in 1953 as an 3, 1927 in Italy, and his family
alternate from the waiting list. Allan worked two jobs during “emigrated to Buffalo, N.Y.,
medical school to pay his tuition, a task that was not encouraged where he attended elementary
by the school, but showed his resolve to get his medical degree … and high school,” the family
He finished first in his class in his senior year.” reported. “He moved with his
family to Tucson in 1946.”
“After completing his residency in 1962, Dr. Collier moved his
wife and two young sons to Tucson where he would set up his He graduated in May 1952
private practice and escape the Midwest winters.” He joined from the University of Arizona
PCMS that year and established his Ob-Gyn practice at Craycroft as a liberal arts baccalaureate,
Medical Center at the fomer offices of Donald S. Bethune, M.D., Dr. Remo DiCenso in 1962 many years before the UofA
Craycroft Road at East 2nd Street. when he joined PCMS. had a medical college. He
earned his M.D. in 1956 from
“Allan practiced medicine in Tucson until 1990,” the family
University of Southern California School of Medicine.
reported. “During that time, Allan and Patti had two more
children—a daughter and a son. Allan balanced his family and his Dr. DiCenso then did his psychiatric residency at the Veterans
busy medical practice with his many hobbies, which included Administration Hospital (Neuropsychiatric) at Los Angeles. “He
Richard J. Toll, M.D. survive him. “Dick and Ann extended their family to include
Richard Lochert of Scottsdale,” the family said. “Glenda’s children
(520) 792-2170
Adam D. Ray,
MD
The fallacy of electronic Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE)—physicians use the
computer to locate “powerplans.” These powerplans are related
medical records to the patient’s diagnosis and/or surgery performed. For a total
knee replacement, there is one set. For a lumbar fusion, a
different powerplan. For congestive heart failure, yet a new one.
By Dr. Thomas B. Scully
In a similar manner, one then picks and chooses what items on
President Obama campaigned those plans to order. These are nationally vetted order sets. Many
on reforming our entire of these order sets conform to what are frequently described as
healthcare system, often subscribing to evidence based medicine (EBM). Unfortunately, for
referring to it as antiquated, and many things done in medicine, there is no definitive EBM. This is
often questioning why paper especially true with spinal surgery. Thus, we often use our own
still dominated medical records. way of taking care of patients. That “art” of medicine disappears
The president clearly stated with CPOE. We are forced to use cookie-cutter, one-size-fits-all
that one of his goals was the orders. There is virtually no room for anything else, and no ability
institution of electronic to free-form-type orders. In fact, we have been chastised and told
medical records in hospitals. not to use so-called communication orders. Those orders are the
He has delivered this promise. only means with which one can freely express how you may wish
First through incentives, and things to be done.
now with monetary penalties, By now you may see some of the issues we face. However, I have
most U.S. hospitals currently still not described the biggest problems. To me, one of the most
employ EMRs for both documentation of the patient’s record and unusual nuances of the CPOE is that the computer system “sees”
for physician orders. all the various units of the hospital as unique entities, almost as if
The hospital where I practice recently went full-bore with a new they are entirely different, unrelated individual hospitals!
EMR system. After nearly three months of using it, I can safely say Imagine it! I may be in the PACU (recovery room), but I cannot
that the current systems are sorely lacking and, rather than start—or in computer lingo “initialize”—my orders. No, I can only
making patients safer, lead to more errors. sign them. Then, once the patient arrives at the stated
Please understand that this is not a condemnation of the hospital destination—ICU, Neuro unit—it is up to the nurse to figure
where I choose to practice. They, similar to physicians’ offices, are which of the order sets, or powerplans, I have signed, and then
under the proverbial government gun. Also please do not accuse initiate them so as to start caring for my patient. I cannot flag the
me of Luddite behavior. Far from being technologically challenged, orders, thus letting the nurse know what plan I want to have
I am an early adopter to iPhones, iPads, etc. Rather, the current initiated. No, that would make sense and provide some safety
systems are based on a faulty premise, and the ultimate net. I must simply hope my orders are discovered and the
implementation of this faulty premise drives the current issues. appropriate set is started.
As a surgeon, I understand learning curves. Doing anything new Judging by my description of this, one can easily tell that on more
will take some time to get better. I have given thought that the than one occasion this has not occurred. The powerplans I
issues we face are simply from a learning curve and the described earlier have pre- and post-operative orders. We can
“newness” of EMRs. However, I have used an EMR in my office for customize them to a degree. However, we cannot separate out
more than a dozen years. Although, I don’t make many mistakes the pre- and post-op orders. I cannot think of any reason why this
on it, I have never been able to get back to a level of efficiency exists. However, my pre-op order set is frequently different than
that was present prior to starting our office EMRs. my post-op order set. Thus, I will start a new powerplan for post-
operative orders. To the nurse who must sort thru this and figure
Also, confirming my non-Luddite status, I have helped install out which one to initiate, there is no way for me to “flag” it as
various computers and point-of-sale software for my wife’s retail such. Thus, on more than one occasion, my post-op orders have
store, Embellish (note the cheap plug!) However, there’s a not been carried out, or the wrong ones have been initiated. And
significant difference between her store and a hospital: Embellish this is supposed to be safer?
is closed Sundays. Thus, one Sunday, we spent some time installing
her system. What a difference from what the hospital must do! The other major issues involve note writing. I do not have as
They do not have the luxury of “closing for a day” to install new much quarrel with that aspect. However, many of the notes on
computers, software, etc. Rather, we must still operate, perform patients have all sorts of data throughout the note—lab values,
cardiac caths, endoscopies, do surgeries and have a full-service ED old findings, etc.—but they say nothing. What matters to most
open. All while fundamentally changing how we document what physicians is the assessment and plan part of the note. What is
we do and how we order medications, tests, etc. the doctor thinking and planning for the patient? In many of the
notes I see, that is the part given the least space. There are
Physicians must write orders on patients in the hospital. The various reasons for it. Suffice it to say that the most highly
orders include diet, activity, IV fluids, medications, tests to be educated people in the system are now data entry clerks,
performed, and so on. As surgeons we often have pre-printed entering data, values, and various other items to meet
SOMBRERO – December 2014 17
“meaningful use” for governmental reasons, yet not really doing In a world with infinite resources, expanding Medicaid would no
anything to further care for the patient. doubt be altruistic. Yet in our world with limited resources, it
requires difficult choices and answers to tough questions:
In sum, I realize many will just assume I am another spoiled
surgeon complaining about inevitable changes. Yet I see this as Do states have the resources to timely process the applications of
far more onerous. We have allowed our profession to be taken 17 million new Medicaid beneficiaries? And more importantly,
over by bureaucrats who think they know what is best for our where will the new beneficiaries receive care?
patients and us.
These are crucial questions that demand answers from any state
I see it differently. Central planning is not effective in general, and looking to expand Medicaid for genuine reasons before it goes
certainly not when it comes to something as individualized as down this path. The stakes are fer too high to wing it. We cannot
one’s health and the appropriate care for that health. afford to see the care of the most needy turn into another
healthcare.gov fiasco.
Thomas B. Scully, M.D., F.A.A.N.S., neurosurgeon with Northwest
NeuroSpecialists, was recently elected vice-president of the Presently, flaws in Medicaid statute get passed along to
Western Neurological Society. He has been a PCMS member beneficiaries in the form of restricted access, long waits for
since 1994. appointments, and compromised care. At the same time, the
program is also replete with waste, fraud, and abuse.
Medicaid expansion could Medicaid leaves state regulators and policymakers with few
add to care delays options to control rising program costs other than paying
providers less, or coming at the expense of other state priorities
By Dr. Jason D. Fodeman like education, transportation, and security. A 2011 Kaiser
Medicaid study concluded, “As in previous years, provider rate
The Affordable Care Act’s restrictions were the most commonly reported cost containment
Medicaid Expansion remains strategy.”
one of healthcare reform’s
most hotly-contested As a result, Medicaid reimbursements have fallen well below
provisions. those of private insurers and Medicare. According to the 2012
Kaiser Family Foundation Medicaid to Medicare Fee Index, across
Arguments surrounding the the country Medicaid reimbursements are 66% of Medicare
expansion have largely focused reimbursements for all services and 59% of Medicare primary
on the economic and political care reimbursements. Medicare reimbursements are already
implications of expanding lower than those of private insurers. Sometimes payments from
Medicaid to 138% of the government health insurers for services can be even less than the
federal poverty level. While cost to provide those services.
these ramifications are
certainly worthy of meticulous Due to declining reimbursements and the program’s
debate, there are important administrative hassle, many providers are reluctant to
medical ramifications of the Medicaid Expansion as well. A recent participate. Thus, Medicaid beneficiaries can have a hard time
Wall Street Journal article raises some of these concerns. getting access to timely care. They can encounter lengthy delays
or be forced to depend for care on expensive, overcrowded,
The article cites significant Medicaid backlogs in certain states. disjointed emergency rooms. Both these factors contribute to
This could be made worse by the Medicaid Expansion. According poor health outcomes for Medicaid patients. This is well
to the article, there are hundreds of thousands of people across documented in the peer-reviewed literature.
the country who have signed up for Medicaid and have waited
months for coverage. Residents in California and Tennessee have The Medicaid Expansion is no panacea for these problems, nor
actually filed lawsuits after encountering lengthy delays in was it ever billed as such. Efforts must be made to improve
acquiring coverage. healthcare access and actual healthcare of the uninsured and
underinsured. Medicaid is a program in need of more reforms,
The article reports that in Tennessee, 10,000 Medicaid not more beneficiaries.
applications are pending, and in New Jersey 12,000 are waiting.
In California there are 159,000 Medicaid applications in the Without a strategy to navigate the tough questions, it is very
queue. Generally, states are required by federal regulation to likely that under the Medicaid Expansion, things could get worse
process Medicaid applications within 45 days. before they get better.
These delays in application processing could result in delays in PCMS member Jason D. Fodeman, M.D. is a board-certified
care that allow diseases to fester and become more severe. IM physician practicing in Tucson. He is a graduate of the Cedars
Sinai Internal Medicine residency program and completed a
The article emphasizes an important point. There is a stark graduate health policy fellowship at the Heritage Foundation.
dichotomy between access to health insurance and access to This article originally appeared in the Knoxville (Tenn.)
healthcare. Clearly the latter is the benchmark, and while Sentinel News. n
government health insurance does provide the former, at times it
can fail to offer timely access to the latter.
What do you want to know about any cancer? Dr. Ahmann said
you want to know how common it is, what its biologic behavior is,
how variable it is, what are its risk factors, how lethal it is, VALUED VENDOR FOR THE
whether we have successful treatments for it, whether it can be PIMA COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY
prevented, if it can be detected early.
AZ MGMA MEMBER
He cited 2006 statistics noting that men in China, Japan, and
Greece had the lowest prostate cancer death rates, while the
highest were in Sweden, Norway, Australia, the U.S., and England.
Death rate stats by race/ethnicity 1999-2003 placed African- ONE STOP INSURANCE FOR…
American men highest at 65 percent, followed by whites at 26.7
■ Physicians & Surgeons
percent. Lowest were Asian-Americans at 11.8 percent. Hispanic
men showed at 22 percent. Familial prostate cancer comprises ■ Other Medical Professionals
about half of the disease cases in men 55 or younger. ■ Healthcare Facilities & Services
What’s good and bad about PSA? “In generic screening and
elevated level is found in up to three to five percent of men over COVERAGE INCLUDES…
50,” Dr. Ahmann said, “but only 20 percent have cancer, and of
those, 40 percent appears to be unaggressive prostate cancers. ■ Professional Liability
We have lowered the death rate from prostate cancer by almost ■ General Liability & Property
40 percent since the introduction of PSA early detection, but at a ■ Employee Benefits
large price of over-treatment.”
He cited the Johansson Data from 2004 in JAMA showing that
between years 15 to 20, progression-free survival fell from 45 to
36 percent, survival without metastases fell from 77 to 51 percent,
and prostate cancer-specific survival fell from 79 to 54 percent.
In the 1989-1999 Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group update on
“watchful waiting” vs. radical treatment, randomized among 695
men with early prostate cancer, with a 23-year follow-up, 200 of 866.467.3627
347 in the surgery group died, 63 due to CAP, while in the WW 866.467.3611 fax info@desertmountaininsurance.com
group, 247 of 348 died, 99 due to CAP. Eight had to be treated to www.desertmountaininsurance.com
prevent one death, Dr. Ahmann said.
SOMBRERO – December 2014 19
In what he called a “poorly understood U.S. study” of radical Andrew V. Schally, Ph.D. of the University of Miami, noting the
prostatectomy vs. observation (the PIVOT Trial) [NEJM 2012], the potential causes of castration resistance in prostate cancer:
study was designed to enroll 2,000 petients, but failed and only
enrolled 740. Median survival was assumed to be 10 years. “It Emerging dominance of an androgen-insensitive clone that has
was too short,” Dr. Ahmann said. “The study was dramatically been present since malignant transformation.
underpowered. It treated low-risk patients who should have been Transformation of malignant calls to castration-resistant but still
on surviellance.” androgen-sensitive calles due to : Increased number of androgen
In the PLCO Trial [NEJM 2009], from 1993 to 2001, half of 76,693 receptors; mutated androgen receptors; or increased intra-
men at 10 centers were screened annually, with the other half cellular production of androgens. “Total suppression androgens is
receiving usual care. The screening group offered annual PSA for not yet possible.”
six years and DREs for four years. Results were sent to the primary Transformation of malignant cells to total androgen
care physicians and they decided on follow-up. Compliance was independence secondary to mutations in multiple non-androgen-
85 percent for PSA and 86 percent for DRE. Screening in control dependent growth pathways.
group were 40 to 52 percent per year for one to six years for PSA,
and 41 to 46 percent for DRE. Dr. Ahmann noted again that “we are treating with surgery or
radiotherapy large numbers of men who don’t end up benefiting
After seven years there were 2,820 cancers in the screening from therapy. We have successful local therapies that have
group, and 2,322 cancers in the control group. Deaths after seven reduced the death rate and are increasingly better tolerated. We
years were 50 in the screening group, and 44 in the control group. have developed a significant number of new therapies in the last
In a 13-year update of a European PSA screening trial, the 10 to 15 years which have significantly increased the survival of
number of cases found were 7,408 in the screened group, and men with incurable prostate cancer.”
6,107 in the control group. Prostate cancer deaths were 355 Prof. Doughtery provided an overview of the options for active
among ther screened, and 545 among the control. management of prostate cancer and steps involved in delivery of
In a 450-man Canadian surveillance study started in 2000, of two radiation therapy. In counseling patients, cancer is a big word, she
groups of men younger than 70, and older than 70, with PSA of said, so slow down, consider the choices, and place them in
10 or less for the younger men, and 15 or less for the older, they context. “Patients with life expectancies of less than five years
were seen every three months for two years, and then every six should see an oncological urologist and a radiation oncologist.”
months, with repeats biopsies after six to 12 months and then In considering active surveillance vs. active treatment for these
every three years. patients, Prof. Dougherty said, a physician should introduce the
After almost seven years of suveillance (2010), 22 percent of the concept, and consider the expectations for quality of life and the
men died, but only five percent of the 450 men died of prostate patient’s own experience.
cancer. For 70 percent of the men, there was no suggestion of Having choices can be good or bad, she said. If there are too
prostate cancer progression. “However,” Dr. Ahmann said, “there many choices, why? Remember that no choice is perfect,
was evidence of disease progression in 30 percent (135 men) of consider side-effects, sexual function and bladder continence.
the men on the study, and half, after undergoing treatment, had
already failed with a rising PSA level.” She named 11 choices: Do nothing, active surveillance, surgery,
cryotherapy, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), hormones
What’s new in treatment of incurable prostate cancer? Various (androgen deprivation therapy or ADT, and radiaion therapy that
drugs are being researched. Dr. Ahmann cited the work of Charles may be external beam, radioactive seed implant (LDR
Huggins, M.D. of the University of Chicago and pathologist brachytherapy), high-dose-rate brachytherapy, protons, or a
combination of radiation therapies.
Joy
In proton radiation therapy, particles are
accelerated and targeted. But this therapy is
expensive, with limited availability, and not
proven to be superior, Prof. Dougherty said.
“Dats is limited, as it has been available for
fewer than 20 years. It’s no longer approved by
some insurance companies for low-risk disease.”
In high-dose-rate brachytherapy, several
catheters are placed, under general anesthesia,
and their positions identified by CT scan.
Iridium is used, a single, very active radiation
source. “The source is threaded up each
catheter in turn to a predetermined position
and allowed to ‘dwell” there for a specific
length of time before being withdrawn, and
then enters the next catheter,” Prof. Dougherty
said. “There are single treatments, three
fractions on two occasions.”
Radioactive seed implant (LDR brachytherapy)
uses a prostate gland seed implant with a low
dose rate, Eighty to 100 “seeds” are
permanently implanted using five titanium
capsules with iodine or palladium (Cesium).
Carlson ENT Associates would like to Combinations of therapies may be used.
wish you a happy holiday season. “Radiation is like light,” Prof. Doughtery said.
“Several weak beams of this ‘light’ can be
Thank you for your referrals. We aimed at the same target to produce an intense
spotlight.” This is the method of intensity-
appreciate working together to help modulated radiation therapy or IMRT. There is
improve the lives of our patients. “pixel by pixel control of the dose,” she said.
“Shutters open or close part of the aperture. It
gives a more even dose throughout the target,
and can create hot spots within the target.”
Since the target can move, “immobilization is
very important for IMRT, she said.
There are “lots of options for active
treatment,” Prof Dougherty said.
‘Consultations can take one to two hours.
Quality Treatment. Compassionate Care. Convenient Appointments
Surgery and radiation still have the best
outcomes for efficacy and are considered
3172 N. Swan Road • Tucson, Arizona equal for side-effects. Low-rick prostate cancer
is 90-95 percent curable, but do we need to
1521 E. Tangerine Road, Suite 225 • Oro Valley, Arizona treat all, rather than use active surveillance?
“Evolving technology is leading to better
www.carlsonent.com treatments with more cure, fewer side-effects,
and greater quality of life.” n
22 SOMBRERO – December 2014
Makol’s Call
SOMBRERO – December 2014 building to rescue the heroine. This scenario, repeated in movies23
and on television shows hundreds of times, gives the impression tissue than a jacketed bullet. On one of the TV cop shows I saw
that being shot or being stabbed is not so bad, and may be more recently, they showed actual footage from a bar, showing a
like a minor inconvenience. 300-pound gun-toting criminal robbing the patrons and
browbeating the barmaid. The owner came out from the back
Those of us who have served in emergency rooms and seen what
room where he was watching on closed-circuit TV and shot the
happens when somebody is shot or stabbed might have a
large gentleman from across the room with a .357 magnum
different perspective. Modern small arms such as semi-automatic
pistol. The perpetrator dropped like a sack of potatoes in less
pistols send a round of ammunition out at 600 to 1,200 feet per
than one second; he did not make any statements, climb any
second. Rifles have a muzzle velocity that can be three times this
ladders, or even finish his beer. He just fell to the floor dead. This
speed. Bullets do not cut tissue, but they crush tissue, creating a
is “reality”; what we see in movies is Hollywood.
wound channel causing nearby tissue to stretch and expand.
Switzerland is said to have more guns per capita than any other
Different types of bullets cause different damage. For instance,
country in the world. This is primarily why the Nazi regime
hollow-point bullets expand more rapidly and destroy more local
accepted their position of neutrality, and never invaded
Switzerland. Going home to home to
confiscate weapons would have resulted in
many soldiers being shot. And while nearly
every Swiss has a gun in his home, the Swiss
almost never shoot each other. We
Americans seem to make a hobby of it.
I happen to be a gun owner, and have
enjoyed many hours of target practice out in
the wild. I was taught to shoot by the
gentleman who at the time instructed the
Tucson SWAT team on firearms, and he
insisted that I memorize all of the gun laws
and pass a test before he would allow me to
handle a gun. On occasion, while out in the
wilderness target shooting with friends,
another group might show up at the site. If
they took any beer out of the back of their
vehicles, we packed up and took off; alcohol
and weapons should never be mixed.
On a transoceanic voyage many years ago, I
learned to shoot skeet. Upon returning to
school I purchased a trap to launch clay
pigeons (discs), and my frat brothers and I
used it for target practice in the woods. I
liked shooting clay discs and watching them
explode in mid-air, but having seen the
damage done by weapons, however I’m not
sure I could shoot another person, even in
self-defense.
Maybe it’s time that everybody—not just
gun owners—gets firearm education, safety
instruction, and perhaps a glimpse into the
reality of what guns can do to a person. As a
result of contracting TMHP syndrome (too
much horsepower) I was recently ticketed
for exceeding the legal speed limit outside
the city. I went to traffic school for four
hours, and after seeing films of the horrible
effects of traffic accidents, I drove home at
25 miles an hour, terrified that somebody
would go through a red light and smash me
24 SOMBRERO – December 2014
to smithereens, as they showed me countless times upon I cringe when I read of accidental shootings at a teenage
the screen. party, when some dummy pulls the clip out of a semiautomatic
pistol, does not know to check the chamber for a live round,
When we oldsters were in high school diver-ed, we were shown
then “accidentally” shoots his friend, The first thing you
prevention-minded filmstrips depicting horrific results of highway
learn when you shoot is there is no such thing as an unloaded
crashes. They seemed often to come from the Ohio State Police.
gun.
In the late 1950s the James Dean death car, a nearly demolished
Porsche Spyder, went on national tour as a warning about excess There are said to be 300 million guns in homes in America, so it is
speed. If memory serves, for a small fee a Dean fan could actually not likely we will ever get rid of them. We just have to give people
sit in the thing. No one ever showed what happened to the ample reasons to stop shooting each other.
magnetic young star himself in 1955. Sombrero columnist George J. Makol, M.D., a PCMS member
since 1980, practices with Alvernon Allergy and Asthma,
Maybe schools should show videos of real shooting victims,
2902 E. Grant Rd. n
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